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WELCOME ! All OF YOU. “Why a Secular Republican Constitution for the Former Last Hindu Kingdom of Nepal?" By Khimlal Devkota 10/15/2009 1 Symposium on Constitutional Designs for Diversity and Conflict Jakarta, Indonesia 12-15 Oct.2009

Chapter I 1. Background:  12 years people's war led by Nepal Communist Party [Maoist].  popular movement of 2006 .  The peaceful and successful election of April 2008 has ensured one of the most representative Constituent Assembly. 10/15/2009 2

continued tinued  More than two century old Monarchy, based on Hinduism, feudalism and autocratic system of governance abolished forever.  A New federal democratic republican 10/15/2009 3

Continued tinued  a secular state with a clear recognition of multi-religious, multiethnic and multilingual character of the state and a clear commitment to equally deal with all religions and ethnic groups in Nepal.  in the process of socio-economic transformation of the Nepalese society in order to sustain the political achievements. 10/15/2009 4

continued tinued  The drafting of a new constitution to institutionalize those achievements.  New constitution Making process.  In fact, Nepal is one of the rich countries having at least six constitutions within very limited time of six decades. 10/15/2009 5

Fact of Nepal and its political Development Nepal is located in the southern part of the Himalayas, bordered with India in the South, East and West and with the Tibet Autonomous Region of the People’s Republic of China on the North.  Covering the area of 147181 square kilometers, the terrain expands from very low land -60 meters high- to the highest peak of world – the Mount Everest. 10/15/2009 6

Continued tinued  Accordingly, the country is naturally diverse and rich in terms of climate, flora and fauna. The geographical diversity is adequately reflected in the socio-cultural life of the people.  Demographically, it has the population of more than 23 million.  Nepalese society is multi-ethnic and multi-lingual society. There are more than hundred ethnic groups most of them having their own mother languages and unique customs. 10/15/2009 7

Continued  More then 100 spoken languages  59 ethnic groups.  Nepali official language and all spoken mothertongue known as Language of the Nation  As per population census 2001  Hindu 18330121,  Buddha 2442520,  Islam 954023, 10/15/2009 8

Continued tinued  Kirat 188106,  Jain 4108,  Christian 101976,  Sikh 5890,  Bahai 1211,  Others 78979 10/15/2009 9

Pol olitica tical l Dev evel elop opment ment  Restoration of Multi-party Democracy  Maoist Revolution  Royal Family Massacare and Coup  Peoples Movement Second  Maoist In Open politics 10/15/2009 10

Chapter II What is Religion and Secularism?  Marx ’ s opinion is that religion is an illusion that provides reasons and excuses to keep society functioning just as it is. Much as capitalism takes our productive labor and alienates us from its value, religion takes our highest ideals and aspirations and alienates us from them, projecting them onto an alien and unknowable being called a god. 10/15/2009 11

Continued tinued  The word secular means "of this world" in Latin and is the opposite of religious. As a doctrine, secularism is usually used in reference any philosophy which forms its ethics without reference to religious dogmas and which promotes the development of human art and science. 10/15/2009 12

Impact pact of Hi Hindui duism sm in Ne Nepal al  King Personification of god Vishnu.  Politics related with Hindu religion.  Traditions, Official functioning style, structure of the society according to the Hindu Religion.  Naming the place, persons goods  Textbook teaching &learning process, every event and practices Indication 10/15/2009 13

Continued.. tinued..  Multilingual Nation but Nepali Language as Official Language.  Sanskrit University state funded.  Lot of property in the name of Guthi.  Government Holidays and Religious practices Hindu based.  Hindu jurisprudence and legal system.  Untouchability beliefs practices. 10/15/2009 14

Why y Ne Nepal l became me a secular se ular st state? te?  Royal Impunity.  Massive Supression.  One decade long Peoples war.  19 days long peoples movement.  CA,Secularismm &Republican.  Unconstitutional Move 10/15/2009 15 &Gov.Change.

ChapterIII Revolutionary Changes  social transformation,  Economic development  Republican  federalism  secularism. 10/15/2009 16

Continued tinued  Religious Diversity&effort to Adderss  Secular state in consolidation.  Interim Constitution  Muluki Ain  Other Legislation  Ensured Inclusion 10/15/2009 17

Con onstit titut ution on mak aking ng Exp xper erie ienc nce e an and pr d prac actice ce  Hindukingdom was in History.  Nepal-India Relation and its connection.  Secular state in consolidation. 10/15/2009 18

New arran rangeme gement nt  Ultimately Nepal became secular state. 10/15/2009 19

Conclusion clusion  Achievement on Inclusion of diversities through new arrangement. 10/15/2009 20

Continued tinued  Religious freedom and Secular state.  Religious freedom fighters achievement.  Result of scientific Idea,practicle motion and real spirite of the people. 10/15/2009 21

Continued tinued  Lets makes Religious belief more practical, more scientific and easier to adopt.Then welfare of the human being can be achieved.  Let us try to address all type of problems with realistic approach and address all grivances through your positive and captive manner that can be success. 10/15/2009 22

Thank you.  KHIMLAL DEVKOTA  ADVOCATE  CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY MEMBER,  NEPAL 10/15/2009 23