Community Led Watershed Management And Water Conservation Campaign In Madhya Pradesh - India
Water Crises In M.P - India : Fact File … . • Geographical Area - 308,000 Sq. kms • Total Population - 60 million • Total Rural population - 44 million • Around 19 % area is wasteland • Predominance of rainfed agriculture • Agricultural production affected by perpetual drought • Ground water exploited excessively • Agriculture based Economy
Response By Mission For Watershed Government Of Madhya Pradesh Management Partcipatory Watershed Management Programme Under Centrally Sponsored DPAP, EAS, IWDP Jal Abhishek Campaign Community Led Campaign For Water Conservation
Mission Mode For Inter-Sectoral And Collective Action ES ICES Multifaceted Institutional Arrangements at Different Level CTIC PRACT Participatory Planning, Implementation And Maintenance GOOD Harnessing All Available Techno-scientific Resources RES OF Preference To Local Low Cost Methods And Materials Based On TURES Indigenous Technical Know-how KEY FEATU Regular Quality Monitoring and evaluation Social Audit Due Consideration For Aspirations Of Resource Poor By Ensuring Sharing Of CPR
Mission Mode For Inter-Sectoral And Collective Action .... • Registered as society under the aegis Panchayat & Rural Development Department • General Body chaired by HCM • Executive Committee chaired by Chief Secretary • GB and EC has representation of various line departments to ensure inter-sectoral and collective action • Full time Director for mission • Dedicated and full time team of professionals at state level
Multifaceted Institutional Arrangements at Different Level .... • District Level Technical Committee chaired by Collector • District Watershed Cell • NGOs and Corporate Sector as PIA • Full time Watershed Development Teams have been appointed by appointing various subject matter specialist on contract through open competition • Community workers like jal mitra, samooh mitra etc. have been appointed on contract at village level
Perspective plan for watershed development projects ..... • To select and treat an area on priority basis • Prioritisation of watersheds has been done by SLUSI • Preparation of Drainage map • Delineation of Micro-watersheds (500-1000 ha) • Codification of micro-watersheds • Prioritisation of microwatersheds based on sediment yield index and landuse/land cover
Participatory Planning, Implementation And Maintenance .... • Premised on the philosophy of logical frame work analysis • PRA and net planning • Water budgeting Setting up long term vision/goal for watershed projects • Defining the socio-economic & physical objectives/outcomes to be attained • Assessment of the impact against set objectives & outcomes • Village watershed committee provide assistance to Gram Panchayat. This committee has representation of UGs and SHGs • WPF and WDF accounts are jointly operated by Village watershed committee and Gram Panchayat • Wage Ppayment through Bank A/C • Provision of convergence • Provision of MoU for maintenance of assets and distribution of benefits between VWC, GP and UG
Monitoring and evaluation .... Quick Social Assessment Of The Work Through Visual Stock Taking By The Community Validation Of The Previous Work Identification Of The Gaps Reworking The Plan And Future Action Accordingly Social Audit : Nirakh Parakh
State Quality Monitoring (SQM): • Period: Atleast 06 months • Done by Panel of NGOs/Individuals Constituted at State level • Based on Prescribed Eval. Indicators District Quality Monitoring (DQM) • Period: Atleast 06 months • Done by Partner NGOs/Water Expert Group Constituted at Distt. level • Based on Prescribed Eval. Indicators
Case Study of Sohanpur Watershed, Block Begamganj, District Raisen • Batch - DPAP - VIth Batch • Area selected for treatment - 5533 ha. • Covered Villages - 15 • Total population - 6367 • SC-1396 • ST - 622
Community Organisation • Awareness campaign, health camps etc. • Number of watershed committee - 15 • Total member in WC - 174 • Male member in WC - 124 • Female in WC - 50 • User Groups - 69 • Self Help Groups - 41 with 508 members • Women Thrift and Credit Groups - 50 with 608 members
Implementation Mechanism and Works Taken up • Implementation mechanism - as per GoI guidelines • Works taken up (Rs. in lakh) No. Name of Work Quantity Amount 1 Field Bunds (RM) 35934 5.44 2 Contineous Bunding (RM) 17964 1.20 3 Boulder Check 849 9.58 4 Tank 68 107.28 5 Farm Pond 21 9.33 6 Stop Dam 21 23.99 7 Rock Fill Dam 2 3.17 8 Sanchi Structure 3 0.52 9 Well construction 1 1.11 10 Repair of old well 6 1.10 11 Bori Bandhan 39 0.42 12 Soak pit 229 0.13 13 Vermi Compost 73 1.73 14 Nadep Compost 5 0.03 15 Plantation 128215 3.00 16 Assistance given to SHG 14 1.80
Impact • Reduction in migration • Ground water recharge – Total no. of wells - 599 – Water available round the year (PrP) - 23 – Water available round the year (PtP) - 380 380 400 298 300 124 200 30 100 23 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Impact • Irrigated area – PrP irrigated area - 362 ha. – PtP irrigated area - 1760 ha. 1760 2000 1600 1450 1500 1000 410 362 500 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Impact • Double crop area – PrP double crop area - 362 ha. – PtP double crop area - 1680 ha.
Impact • Convergence – Khamkheda village - Use of bio fertilizer – Dewlapur village - Nirmal Gram – Nursery development for Jatropha plantation – 2 SHGs linked with SGSY
JAL ABHISHEK CAMPAIGN "A PEOPLE'S MOVEMENT FOR WATER CONSERVATION" • Chief Minister’s directive to implement a community driven water conservation campaign • Water conservation campaign known as "Jal Abhishek Campaign" launched on 2nd April 2006 • community has taken the charge and government is facilitating. • Extensive awareness creation programmes have been organised • village level institutional framework has been established to provide leadership • facilitating institutional mechanism of government has been established
JAL ABHISHEK CAMPAIGN "A PEOPLE'S MOVEMENT FOR WATER CONSERVATION" • Following water conservation activities have been planned and executed : Renovation of already existing water conservation structures/sources Construction of irrigation tank by individual farmers on their private lands though own investment Construction of new water conservation structures (like stop dams, tanks, nullah bundings and indigenous structures such as minor dams, Bori bunding etc on priority) as per requirement of the rural community. Implementation of comprehensive action plan for river revival
JAL ABHISHEK CAMPAIGN "A PEOPLE'S MOVEMENT FOR WATER CONSERVATION" • Encouraging villagers to undertake water conservation activities in their own fields by Do-It-Yourself mode • Convergence of financial resources available under various government departments and contribution from local people. • Groups of stakeholders have been formed for distribution, utilisation and management of water through created structures. • Coordination with individuals and non-governmental/voluntary institutions • Locally available indigenous/traditional knowledge and experiences have been considered • Coordination with banks and financial institutions
Peoples Campaign … • Making inventory of water sources and preparing the annual budget of water. • Preparation and approval of Action Plan for water conservation activities • Implementing efficiently the activities included in the Action Plan • Mobilizing public support and utilization of Panchayat level funds on priority for implementation of water conservation activities.
“Reva Sagar” B h a g i r a t h K r i s h a k A b h i y a n A People’s movement……… Of the People……. For the People …. By the People…..
Pre-Campaign realities • 80% of Irrigation by tube wells, • Big Farmers own 60% tube wells • Crop intensity is 125% against the potential of 190% + • Two of the six Blocks are Grey • Irrigated area is shrinking since past 10-15 years • Water level Depleted to 300-1000 ft
Distribution of 6 CD Blocks of Dewas District Ujjain Sehore Indore West Nimar Harda East Nimar
Status of Rainfall (Average 897.49 mm) 1400 1200 Average Rainfall of Dewas District Rainfall (mm) 1000 800 600 400 200 0 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Year Dewas is receiving more or less average Rainfall
Economics of Water • Ensures double crop, provides multiple livelihood options • Tube-well irrigation – a costly affair, high risk, uncertainty of water availability and its adequacy. • Availability of surface water reduce cost of cultivation and electricity • A surface water source constructed in 5-10% area irrigates rest of the land holding
Reva Sagar Bhagirath Krishak Abhiyan • Construction of irrigation tanks by farmers with their own investment, on their own land, for their Economic Development • Irrigation tanks - ‘ REVA SAGAR ’ • The farmer is known as ‘BHAGIRATH KRISHAK’
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