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!"#$%&'()'*)+'%&'( *',)%-.)*/#0'( /$%%&1. + ! η + = φ ! ! m x x kx J rf o m : fluxon mass per unit lenght φ o B η = c 2 ! fluxon viscosity per unit lenght ρ n = ω = = ω i t ! i t ≅ J J e , x v v e m 0 "##############$ rf rfo o φ   J ω 2 ωω rfo o   = + v i o   o η ω + ω ω + ω 2 2 2 2   o o    ω = η  %&'()**)*+ ,-'./'*012  ✦  o   !"#$%&%'()*+,#-".%/&+) 0#1222#3(%*4"#!567(8)*958'+:+';#<=>?,#@)&&)A+*/# -"#B%(8)*,#-"#C%4'%D6%,#B"#E+5(%#%*9#2"#!+&:%,#FG;4 -7:"#H#IJ,#<KI=#L>KK>M " " ! " = σ − σ − × J ( i )( E v B ) !"#$%&'(("')*$+,-./ rf 1 2 rf o E7*7(%&#7N6(744+)* @)(#'G7#45(@%87 +D679%*87 )@#%#4567(8)*958')( +*#6(747*87 )@#%#(+/+9 :)('7N %((%;,#A+'G#'G7#(@ 85((7*' 67(67*9+85&%( ')#'G7#D%/*7'+8 @+7&9 σ σ B ω 2 = + α ω A 1 n o ( ) α ω = ( ) ( ) 2 σ σ B ω 2 + ω 2 c 2 2 n o = 2 + 2 − R R A B B B ωω 1 ( ) sf n = + β ω β ω = B o ( ) o ω 2 + ω 2 σ σ B o 2 n c 2 !5(@%87 (74+4'%*87 X + + 2 2 A B B = + + 2 2 X R A B B sf = sf n R A sf !5(@%87 (7%8'%*87

!"#$%&' ()*'+%,&' -,./0'.1%#2'.3-'4+5.167 3#'8"',&9 4-)-/ ω = ≅ − f o 10 20 GHz 3:;<.=>?.1(=?:@=A:?5.3;:.>(B>.CA@1(=D.>=!E o π 2 ω 2 ω B B !"#$% ω ≤ ω ⇒ ≅ ≅ B , A o ; B o o o ω 2 ω B B c 2 o c 2 o 3 2 X ω   ω R B sf ≅ ω ≅ 2 R ( , ) T n o   ω sf ω R B 2   sf o c 2 0 !"#$%&# "%'(# )*+ ! "# $%&'()*&(+,,(#'&-.&/01 "2&0)'.3 ∞ = ∫ ω ω R ( ) T S f R ( ) ( , ) T d sf sf 0 !""#"$%&'()"" !""#$%&'()&*+ ),-.#-(/ 0"-1)#2' )$.(.0)-" 32*1)&$*4.5- +-) 6 ω * = ω = R ( ) T R ( *, ) ; T 0.65 GHz sf sf π 2

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