V O L U M E 2 : A P P E N D I C E S CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

V O L U M E 2 : A P P E N D I C E S

APPENDICES TO THE MAIN DOCUMENT

• 1. Acronyms
• 2. Glossary of Coastal Terms

Regulatory Framework

• 3. Existing Regulations for the Indian Coastal Zone
• 4. Strategic Planning of Coastal Zone and Shoreline in India

Coastal Systems

• 5. Indian Coastal Scientific Literature and Institutions
• 6. Coastal Processes

Interventions for Coastal Practitioners

• 7. Design of Sand-based Climate Resilient Solutions for

Coastal Protection

• 8. Seawalls- their Limitations in Climate Change Scenario
• 9. Groyne Design under Climate Change
• 10. Offshore Reefs, Breakwaters and Islands- Design

Considerations for Climate Resilient Coastal Protection

CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION GUIDELINES FOR COASTAL PROTECTION

APPENDICES TO THE MAIN DOCUMENT Project Planning

• 11. Data Collection and Modeling for Coastal Protection
• 12. Environmental Impact Assessment of Coastal

Protection

• 13. Climate Change Projections for Indian coast
• 14. Using the WRIS Database for Climate Resilient

Coastal Protection and Management

• 15. Economics and Life-cycle Costing for Coastal

Protection Schemes

• 16. Island Case Studies
• 17. Calculating the Minimum Floor Level
• 18. Training Module for Climate Resilient Coastal

Protection and Management

CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION GUIDELEINES FOR COASTAL PROTECTION

CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION GUIDELINES FOR COASTAL PROTECTION

Regulatory Framework

APPENDIX 3 EXISTING REGULATIONS FOR THE INDIAN COASTAL ZONE

• Environment Protection Act 1986
• Coastal Regulation Zone Notification – 2011
• Island Regulation Notification – 2011
• Environment Impact Assessment Notification -

2006

CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION GUIDELINES FOR COASTAL PROTECTION

APPENDIX 4: STRATEGIC PLANNING OF COASTAL ZONE AND SHORELINE IN INDIA

• Environmental

Guidelines for Develop- ment of Beaches

• CRZ Notification
• EIA Notification
• Guidelines / Manuals

for Coastal Protection

• Draft National Strategy

for Coastal Protection

• Shoreline Management

Plans (SMP)

• The existing regulations

provide a good basis for developing guidelines for climate change resilience.

• Understanding effectiveness
• f each of the coastal

protection measure is a must.

• New guidelines to

accommodate climate change impacts need to be followed.

• There is a need to make some

amendments in the existing CRZ and other regulatory regimes in India.

CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION GUIDELINES FOR COASTAL PROTECTION

CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION GUIDELINES FOR COASTAL PROTECTION

Coastal Systems

APPENDIX 5 : COASTAL SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN INDIA

Coastal Scientific Research in the following fields reviewed and key gaps identified providing a research direction for the future.

• A. Coastal Processes – Waves, Tides, Currents,

Cyclones and Storm Surge

• B. Coastal Processes – Sediment and Shoreline

Dynamics

• C. Coastal Ecological Processes
• D. Coastal Processes- Climate Change and Sea Level

Rise

• E. Coastal Protection – Hard Options

F. Coastal Protection –Soft Options

• G. Coastal Management

CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION GUIDELINES FOR COASTAL PROTECTION

APPENDIX 6 : COASTAL PROCESSES

• How are waves generated?
• Where do waves in India come from?
• How are tides generated?
• How are currents generated?
• Climate change and extreme events
• Tsunami
• Beach responses
• Sediment cell and Sediment pie
• Stable (“Happy”) vs. Unstable (“Hungry”) Beach
• Over-topping
• Design water level
• Coastal Processes in Climate Change Scenario

CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION GUIDELINES FOR COASTAL PROTECTION

CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION GUIDELINES FOR COASTAL PROTECTION

Interventions for Coastal Practitioners

1. Dune Care: nurturing existing or artificial sand dunes, focussing on methods to enhance the dunes 2. Nourishment: Introduction of new sand to the beach system 3. By-passing: Sand trapped near a structure or river is moved past the blockage 4. Back-passing: Sand which travels along a beach is moved back to its starting point

APPENDIX 7 : SAND-BASED SOLUTIONS FOR COASTAL PROTECTION

CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION GUIDELINES FOR COASTAL PROTECTION

APPENDIX 8 : SEAWALLS- THEIR LIMITATIONS IN CLIMATE CHANGE SCENARIO

• Engineering Design of

Seawalls

• Effectiveness and Impacts
• f Seawalls in India
• Limits to Adaptation for

Seawalls

• Case Studies
• Discussion

CASE STUDIES

• D1 Visakhapatnam
• D2 Puducherry
• D3 Digha, West Bengal
• D4 Valiathura, Kerala

CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION GUIDELINES FOR COASTAL PROTECTION

APPENDIX 9 : GROYNE DESIGN UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE

• General Theory
• Computer Modelling
• f Groynes
• Case Studies
• When and Where

Should Groynes be Used

• Designing a Groyne

Field

• Conclusions

Case Studies Groyne Pairs at Puducherry Groynes North of Chennai Port, Tamil Nadu Groin Pair at Panathura coast, Thiruvananthapuram Groyne, Gold Coast, Australia Groyne field, Bournemouth, England Low-Crested Groynes, Point Lonsdale, Victoria, Australia

CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION GUIDELINES FOR COASTAL PROTECTION

APPENDIX 10 : OFFSHORE REEFS, BREAKWATERS AND ISLANDS- DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR CC SCENARIO

• Theory of Offshore Reefs
• Salients in the Tropics
• Case Studies
• Gold Coast, Australia
• Borth, Wales, United

Kingdom

• Kovalam, Kerala
• Discussion

CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION GUIDELINES FOR COASTAL PROTECTION

CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION GUIDELINES FOR COASTAL PROTECTION

Project Planning

APPENDIX 11 : DATA COLLECTION AND MODELLING

• Discusses the requirements

for Data Collection and Modelling for planning and implementing coastal protection measures.

• Important parameters:
• Bathymetry
• Wind
• Sea Level
• Hydrodynamics
• Sediment Dynamics
• Beach Morphology
• Grain Size
• River Flow
• Water quality parameters

CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION GUIDELEINES FOR COASTAL PROTECTION

APPENDIX 11 (contd..) : DATA COLLECTION AND MODELLING

The Power of Models

• Modelling provides a

vehicle by which coastal engineers can illustrate complex interactions, test theories and project future situations and outcomes.

• Capable of reproducing all

relevant coastal physical processes.

• Rapid growth in the

quality and ability of models

CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION GUIDELINES FOR COASTAL PROTECTION

APPENDIX 12 : ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF COASTAL PROTECTION

The EIA Process

• Project Proposal,

Scoping and Consideration of Alternatives

• Impact Prediction

and Assessment

• f Alternatives
• The EIA Report

Structure of EIA Report

• Introduction
• Project description
• Description of environment
• Anticipated environmental

impacts & mitigation measures

• Analysis of alternatives
• Environmental

monitoringprogram

• Additional studies
• Project benefits
• Environmental Cost - Benefit

analysis

• EMP
• Summary & Conclusion

CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION GUIDELINES FOR COASTAL PROTECTION

APPENDIX 13 : CLIMATE CHANGE PROJECTIONS FOR INDIAN COAST

• Climate & Climate Change
• Climate Change Studies by

Indian Institutes

• Climate Change Projections
• Cyclonic Storms
• Storm Surges
• Storm Surge Projections
• Waves
• Wave Projections
• Sea Level Rise
• Sea Level Trends
• Sea Level Projections

CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION GUIDELINES FOR COASTAL PROTECTION

Proposed Data Presentation in India-WRIS

CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION GUIDELINES FOR COASTAL PROTECTION

SLR trend from historic data

CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION GUIDELINES FOR COASTAL PROTECTION

SLR Proje- ction 2100

CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION GUIDELINES FOR COASTAL PROTECTION

Significant wave height projections 2050 & 2100

APPENDIX 14: USING THE WRIS DATABASE

• India-WRIS
• CRCPMP Data

Development

• IIT Bombay
• IIT Delhi
• NIO, Goa
• IITM, Pune
• Climsystems, NZ
• Quality Assurance

Process

• Coastal Data Proposed to

Port in WRIS as Part of the CRCPMP

• Data Format in WRIS

CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION GUIDELINES FOR COASTAL PROTECTION

APPENDIX 15 : ECONOMICS AND LIFE-CYCLE COSTING FOR COASTAL PROTECTION SCHEMES

• Cost Benefit Analysis
• Assessing Costs
• Assessing Benefits
• Assessing When Benefits

Occur

• Probability Matrix
• Economic Analysis

Template

• Not Quantified Costs and

Benefits

• Methods of Valuing

Economic Environmental Values

Methodology Discount rate Comment Nourishment 1% Longlived, beneficial for full sediment cell Offshore reefs 3% Widen beach; sediment stored in the salient Offshore breakwaters 5% Requires more maintenance Low-crested groynes 8% Can

• nly

slow sediment losses Groynes 10% Needs maintenance, impact

• n

downstream beaches Seawalls 20% Beach is lost. Long term costs are high

CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION GUIDELINES FOR COASTAL PROTECTION

APPENDIX 16 : ISLAND CASE STUDIES

Lakshadweep islands

• Coastal Erosion and

Protection

• Understanding the

Islands

• Kavaratti Island
• Shore Protection and

sand sources Andaman and Nicobar Islands Conclusions

CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION GUIDELINES FOR COASTAL PROTECTION

APPENDIX 17 : CALCULATING THE MINIMUM FLOOR LEVEL

• Introduction
• Physical Environment
• Finding the Minimum Floor Level
• Description and Equations for Finding MFL

CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION GUIDELINES FOR COASTAL PROTECTION

APPENDIX 18 : TRAINING MODULE FOR CLIMATE RSILIENT COASTAL PROTECTION & MANAGEMENT

• Introduction
• Schedule and Outline of Instruction Material
• Brief Outline of Instruction Material
• Feedback and Evaluation

CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION GUIDELINES FOR COASTAL PROTECTION