U.S. Department of Energy Arctic Black Carbon Project by John - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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U.S. Department of Energy Arctic Black Carbon Project by John - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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U.S. Department of Energy Arctic Black Carbon Project by John Storey, Vitaly Prikhodko, MengDawn Cheng Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN Kan Huang and Joshua Fu University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN Elke Hodson and Joseph Cresko

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by

John Storey, Vitaly Prikhodko, MengDawn Cheng Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN Kan Huang and Joshua Fu University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN Elke Hodson and Joseph Cresko Department of Energy, Washington, DC

Presentation for the TFEIP/USEPA/USDOE Workshop on Arctic Black Carbon Milan, Italy May 13,2015

U.S. Department of Energy Arctic Black Carbon Project

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Arctic Black Carbon Initiative: Copenhagen Summit, December 2009

  • Arctic BC Initiative goals:

1) Fill information gaps

2) Identify implementation barriers and develop approaches to overcome them 3) Demonstrate and evaluate technological and non-technological mitigation options 4) Where possible, to lay the groundwork to quantify the climate and public health benefits of black carbon mitigation strategies

  • Sources of Arctic BC

1) Typically, fossil fuel combustion sources above 40°N latitude 2) Russian sources may represent as much as half of all BC sources above 60°N

  • Basis for Research: BC emissions in or near the Arctic have larger warming effect than
  • ther climate forcers
  • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency – BC emissions from diesel & transportation
  • U.S. Department of Agriculture – BC emissions from agriculture burning
  • U.S. Department of Energy Project: Focus on industrial and heat and power sources
  • f BC

Funding for all three projects from the Department of State

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The Atmospheric Research Component

Emissions Inventories – data from scientific literature, inventory reports, industry reports, dataset documentation Spatially allocated BC concentrations (to ~ 10 km)

Emission Inventory +Transport Modeling time

Probable source location of BC emissions (to < 250km) Observations of BC (or BC proxy) at specific monitoring sites.

Back Trajectory Modeling

Russia Energy & Emission Scenario Tool – energy use data by fuel, sector and region from SRI collaboration Tableau Geospatial Visualization tool

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Objectives of Potential Source Contribution Function (PSCF) Modeling

  • To provide mitigation strategies by utilizing

environmental observations

  • To identify geographical location of sources of ABC

emissions using reversed engineering approach

– Based on environmental data (transport, physical and chemical characterization, etc.) – Reconstructing source distribution at multiple scales

  • To resolve atmospheric transport pattern of ABC

– Short- and long-term cycles (HF and LF components) – Effects connecting multiple time and space scales

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Monitoring Stations for Back Trajectory Modeling

wikipedia.com

Environmental data

  • bservation sites
  • Alert Station: Multiple PM

species , aethalometer for BC, multiple years

  • Tiksi Bay, relatively new at

the time, uncharacterized local sources, no other species at time

  • Barrow – only PM, no BC
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Alert Black Carbon data 2000-2006

  • The concentrations are very seasonally dependent

due to changes in wind patterns and emissions

Pulsating Nature of Arctic Transport

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Potential Source Contribution Function

(PSCF)

  • A synthetic probability field describing the source

strength of a geographical area (i.e., a grid cell)

  • Combine pollutant chemistry data taken at ambient

sites (receptors) with back trajectory data

– First analyze receptor pollutant time series to determine source signal – Fuse “signals” with calculated back trajectory over the time domain

  • A PSCF value > 0.6 indicates a likelihood of a grid cell

being an emission source, < 0.2 indicates a low probability.

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The autumn cluster The winter cluster

Trajectory Clusters

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The spring cluster

Trajectory Clusters

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Variation by season, and year observed

Alert Station maps, for 2000, 2001, and 2002

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Geographical Locations of BC Emission Sources in Russia – at Alert Station, 2000-2006

Alert, Canada, 2004 Composite Alert

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Comparing maps for BC and SO4

=

  • Alert Station Data
  • Sulfate associated

with fossil fuel combustion

  • The red circles show

areas that have both high sulfate and high black carbon

BC

Sulfate

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Location of Pow er Plants from CARMA

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Summary

  • Backward trajectory modeling has been used to identify

Potential Source Contribution Functions (PSCF) for black carbon in the Russian Federation

– Areas south of Moscow including Moscow consistently strong (higher population density) – Urals mountains (industry, oil/gas flaring, biomass burning in season) – Areas in Eastern Siberia (biomass burning, power plants)

  • Geo-location results of sources consistent for both

Canadian and Russian receptors, with growing number

  • f sources over time
  • Atmos. Env. 92 (2014) 398-410

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.04.031

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Acknow ledgements

  • Funding support by State Department Climate Change Assistance

Programs, DOE Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Office

  • Computational support at Oak Ridge National Laboratory
  • Sangeta Sharma of Environment Canada on Alert Station Data
  • Taneil Uttal of NOAA on Tiksi Bay Station Data
  • Patricia Quinn of NAA on Barrow NOAA/ARM Data
  • SRI Atmosphere for providing critical inventory data to this project
  • Colleagues at US Forest Fire Services (WM Hao) and US EPA (T

Kuklinski) for discussion

  • Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee is managed

by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725.

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Extra slides

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Tiksi Bay 2009-2012

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Geographical Locations of BC Emission Sources in Russia – at Tiksi Bay 2009-2011

Tiksi Bay, 2009-2011 Composite Alert Tiksi

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Variation by season, and year observed

Tiksi Bay Station maps, for 2009, 2010, and 2011