24/01/2020 Most frequent mistakes Typical English mistakes The system consist of three main component. Giorgio Buttazzo don't forget the s don't forget the s don't forget the s don't forget the s g.buttazzo@sssup.it in third persons in third persons in plurals in plurals The set of nodes are fully connected. verb must agree verb must agree with the subject with the subject http://retis.sssup.it/~giorgio/h2d.html 2 Do not literally translate from Italian Do not literally translate from Italian Many phrases need to be completely restructured: It: l’algoritmo verifica se la condizione è vera En ‐ wrong: the algorithm verifies if the condition is true It: Per quanto riguarda il software, … En ‐ right: the algorithm verifies whether the condition is true En ‐ wrong: For what concerns the software, … En ‐ right: As far as software is concerned, … It: In questo lavoro è stato ottenuto un nuovo risultato En ‐ wrong: In this work it has been obtained a new result En ‐ right: A new result has been obtained in this work It: Indichiamo con N il numero di task. En ‐ wrong: We indicate with N the number of tasks. It: l’algoritmo evita che il task subisca bloccaggio En ‐ right: The number of tasks is denoted by N. En ‐ wrong: the algorithm avoids that the task suffers blocking En ‐ right: the algorithm prevents the task from being blocked 3 4 Do not literally translate from Italian Do not literally translate from Italian It: una volta acquisiti i valori, calcoliamo il massimo It: il tempo di attivazione può essere anticipato En ‐ wrong: once acquired the values, we compute the maximum En ‐ wrong: the time of activation can be anticipated En ‐ right: once the values have been acquired, we compute En ‐ right: the activation time can be advanced the maximum It: Più alto è il carico, più è lungo il ritardo It: il software verrà testato per vedere dov'è l'errore En ‐ wrong: T he higher is the load, the longer is the delay En ‐ wrong: the software will be tested to see where is the error En ‐ right: The higher the load, the longer the delay En ‐ right: software will be tested to discover where the error is It: per sfruttare l’eventuale tempo disponibile En ‐ wrong: to exploit the eventual time available En ‐ right: to exploit the possible time available 5 6 1
24/01/2020 Do not write as you talk Do not write using the first person Avoid using slang or contractions: Direct: In this paper, we will show a new theory on … Indirect: A new theory on… will be shown in this paper contracted full This paper presents a new theory on … don’t do not In the following, we use to denote a delay Direct: I’m I am In the following, a delay is denoted by Indirect: we’ll we will In the following, is used to denote a delay. aren’t are not Direct: As we mentioned in the previous section can’t cannot Indirect: As mentioned in the previous section It won’t be It will not be 7 8 Chose the correct words Do not use long sentences Bad: Eventually means “at the end” Although many authors worked on distributed systems, by showing several interesting solutions, many issues remain still to be addressed, such as determining the optimal task allocation, estimating the end-to-end It: l’algoritmo alla fine termina con un valore positivo delays, finding the longest response time, guaranteeing real-time En ‐ right: the algorithm eventually ends with a positive value constraints in the presence of shared resources, and setting other timing parameters of the application that can be optimized to improve the overall system performance while minimizing energy consumption. It: Better: Il task eventualmente si blocca sulla risorsa R Although many authors worked on distributed systems, by showing En ‐ wrong: The task eventually blocks on resource R several interesting solutions, many issues remain still to be addressed. En ‐ right: The task possibly blocks on resource R These include determining the optimal task allocation, estimating the end- The task may block on resource R to-end delays, finding the longest response time, guaranteeing real-time constraints in the presence of shared resources. Another open issue concerns the optimization of application timing parameters to improve the overall system performance while minimizing energy consumption. 9 10 Use appropriate "connectors" Careful with some verbs indipendentemente da independently of To allow: Ciò permette di scoprire in base ai risultati ottenuti based on the achieved results En-wrong: It allows to discover depending on a seconda che En-right: It allows discovering in presenza/assenza di in the presence/absence of It allows us to discover uno alla volta one at a time such a value (such values) tale valore (tali valori) To aim: Tale metodo ha lo scopo di minimizzare il valore in the case in which nel caso in cui En-wrong: Such a method aims to minimize the value in funzione del tempo as a function of time En-right: Such a method aims at minimizing the value on the average nella media 11 12 2
24/01/2020 Careful with some verbs Careful with some plurals En-wrong: a way to deal with It: Queste informazioni vengono trasmesse al nodo En-right: a way of dealing with En-wrong: These informations are sent to the node En-wrong: a possibility to have En-right: This information is sent to the node En-right: a possibility of having These data are sent to the node En-wrong: it is worth to note/observe En-right: it is worth noting/observing It: Le prestazioni del sistema sono misurate con En-wrong: A is better than to use B En-wrong: System performances are measured by En-right: A is better than using B En-right: System performance is measured by En-wrong: A prevents B to execute En-right: A prevents B from executing 13 14 i.e. and e.g. That or Which? That introduces essential information i.e. means that is Which introduces extra information Example: These parameters (i.e., deadline and period) Examples 1. Frank sings “Fly me to the moon”, that/which many people like. (which) Note the comma Note the comma 2. Jack likes a Mexican restaurant that/which is on South Street. (that) e.g. means for example (which) 3. Joe talked about EDF, that/which is better than Rate Monotonic. Example: Safety critical applications (e.g., avionics) 4. The algorithm that/which is presented in this paper is optimal. (that) Note that the comma is used before which but not before that 15 16 Between or Among? a higher or an higher? General rule (it depends on the pronunciation of 'h') Between used for choices involving distinct items a is used when the initial 'h' is pronounced Among used for items that are NOT distinct (e.g., a hammer, a hair, a hat, a hint) an is used when the initial 'h' is NOT pronounced Examples (e.g., an hour, an honor) (between) 1. You have to select between/among black and white. Examples 2. In a distributed system, the information is spread Give me … hot topic to study (a) between/among all the nodes. (among) I’m using … heuristic search (a) 3. This buffer is shared between/among periodic and (between) aperiodic tasks. He is … honest guy (an) 4. There is a significant difference between/among (between) I proposed … holistic approach (a) hard, soft, and firm tasks. I have … huge garden (a) 17 18 3
24/01/2020 a union or an union? Some time ‐ sometime ‐ sometimes General rule (it depends on the pronunciation of 'u') a is used when the initial 'u' has a long sound A period of time Some time (e.g., a union, a use) You must give some time to your students an is used when the initial 'u' has a short sound At an indefinite time in the future, sooner or (e.g., an underground, an unhappy) later Sometime Examples Please call me sometime . Give me … umbrella (an) Occasionally, from time to time, not always sometimes I found … upper bound (an) Sometimes I don’t understand what he says. The task set has … utilization of (a) Music is … universe of notes (a) 19 20 Although ‐ Despite ‐ In spite of Punctuation An English professor asked his students to punctuate the Although They are used before nouns or pronouns following sentence to better understand its meaning: “A woman without her man is nothing” Despite It is used before a verb phrase In spite of Male students wrote: Examples “A woman, without her man, is nothing” Despite .…...…… having a PhD, he could not find a job. Although ………… he has a PhD, he could not find a job. Female students wrote: We were able to play soccer today …............ the rain. in spite of “A woman: without her, man is nothing” Although ………… he studied very hard, he didn’t pass the exam. 21 22 Punctuation Punctuation no comma Do not use the comma to separate subject and verb: NO : The integrated approach proposed in this paper, is able to wrong: The algorithm presented in this paper , has minimize energy consumption optimize performance and been implemented on a multicore platform. save memory so that it can also be used in small embedded systems. missing commas Unless there is another sentence in between: Can you identify the mistake(s)? right: The algorithm presented in this paper , which has a polynomial complexity , has been implemented on a multicore platform. YES : The integrated approach proposed in this paper is able to minimize energy consumption, optimize performance, and save memory, so that it can also be used in small embedded systems. 23 24 4
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