Trisyllabic Tone Sandhi in Tianjin Mandarin Li, Qian 1 & Chen, - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Dec 27, 2023 152 likes •374 views

Trisyllabic Tone Sandhi in Tianjin Mandarin Li, Qian 1 & Chen, Yiya 1,2 1. Leiden University Center for Linguistics 2. Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition Mandarin speaking Non-Mandarin speaking Data from

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ì ¡

Trisyllabic Tone Sandhi in Tianjin Mandarin

Li, Qian 1 & Chen, Yiya 1,2

1. Leiden University Center for Linguistics
2. Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition

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Mandarin speaking Non-Mandarin speaking

Data from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese

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Tianjin: A Different Tonal System

ì Different lexical tonal contours ì More tone sandhi rules ì Complicated Tone Sandhi Application ì Hot Issues of Tianjin Tone Sandhi ¡

ì

The exact number of bisyllabic sandhi rules

ì

The application of bisyllabic sandhi patterns in trisyllabic sequences ¡

(e.g., Zhang & Liu, 2011; Huang et al., 2005; Ma, 2005; Chen, 2000; Tan, 1987; Hung, 1987; Zhang, 1987; Li & Liu, 1985)

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Tone 1 Tone 2 Tone 3 Tone 4

Beijing High level Rising Dipping Falling Tianjin Low falling High rising Dipping High falling

Lexical Tones (in isolation)

10 15 20

f0 (st) Lower register Higher register

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Tone Sandhi in Literature

ì Four Claimed Bisyllabic Patterns

T1+T1→T3+T1 T3+T3→T2+T3 T4+T4→T1+T4 T4+T1→T2+T1

ì 27 Claimed Trisyllabic Patterns ì 20 simple application cases

e.g.,

T2+T1+T1→T2+T3+T1

ì 7 complex application cases

e.g.,

(e.g., Zhang & Liu, 2011; Ma, 2005; Chen, 2000; Tan, 1987; Hung, 1987; Zhang, 1987; Li & Liu, 1985; but see Huang et al., 2005 for more proposals of tone sandhi) Iterative Application: T3+T1+T1→T3+T3+T1→T2+T3+T1 Directionality: T1+T1+T1

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Research Questions

ì What are the bisyllabic tone sandhi patterns in Tianjin? ì How are the bisyllabic tone sandhi patterns applied in

trisyllabic sequences?

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Method

ì Materials 16 Bisyllabic + 64 Trisyllabic tonal combinations in Tianjin Mandarin ì Subjects

ì

6 speakers (3 male + 3 female); in 20s ì Recording

QUESTION: ¡ Nar3 shi4 yi2 kuai4 bu4 mao2 zhi1 di4? 哪儿是一块不毛之地？

“Where is a barren land?”

ANSWER: ¡

Sa1 ha1 la1 shi4 yi2 kuai4 bu4 mao2 zhi1 di4. 撒哈拉是一块不毛之地。 “Sahara is a barren land.”

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T1+T1→T3+T1 T3+T3→T2+T3 T4+T4→T1+T4 T4+T1→T2+T1

15 20

5 10 15 20

5 10 15 20 25

T4 High falling – T4 Low falling – T1

5 10 15 20 25

Bisyllabic Tone Sandhi –

Not the change of one lexical tone to another

(with +/- 1 standard error of mean)

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Summary of Bisyllabic Tone Sandhi

ì Tone sandhi in Tianjin:

Not the change of one lexical tone to another

ì T3+T3→T2+T3 – Almost neutralized with subtle differences ì T1+T1→T3+T1 – Not neutralized ì T4+T1→T2+T1 – Not neutralized ì T4+T4→T1+T4 – No sandhi change

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Simple Tone Sandhi Application in Trisyllabic Sequences

ì Literature

ì Apply consistently

e.g. T1+T1+Tx Tx+T1+T1

(Huang et al., 2005; Ma, 2005; Chen, 2000; Tan, 1987; Hung, 1987; Zhang, 1987; Li & Liu, 1985)

ì Our findings

ì Only T3+T3 applies consistently ì T1+T1 and T4+T1 right aligned

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T3+T3→ T2+T3: Consistently applied

T3+T3+T1 T3+T3+T2 T3+T3+T3 T3+T3+T4 ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ T1+T3+T3 T2+T3+T3 T3+T3+T3 T4+T3+T3 (with +/- 1 standard error of mean)

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T1+T1→ T3+T1: Right aligned

T1+T1+T1 T1+T1+T2 T1+T1+T3 T3+T3+T4 ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ T1+T1+T1 T2+T1+T1 T3+T1+T1 T4+T1+T1 (with +/- 1 standard error of mean)

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T4+T1→ T2+T1: Right aligned

T4+T1+T1 T4+T1+T2 T4+T1+T3 T4+T1+T4 ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ T1+T4+T1 T2+T4+T1 T3+T4+T1 T4+T4+T1 (with +/- 1 standard error of mean)

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Summary of Simple Sandhi Application in Trisyllabic Sequences

ì T3+T3→T2+T3 – Consistently applied ì T1+T1→T3+T1 – Right aligned ì T4+T1→T2+T1 – Right aligned

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Complex Sandhi Application

ì 1. T3+T3+T3 ì 2. T4+T4+T1 ì 3. T4+T4+T4 ì 4. T3+T1+T1 ì 5. T1+T4+T4 ì 6. T1+T1+T1 ì 7. T4+T1+T1

Simple Application: T4+T4+T1 ¡ Simple Application: T1+T1+T1 ¡ Simple Application: T4+T1+T1 ¡

(e.g., Huang et al., 2005; Ma, 2005; Chen, 2000; Tan, 1987; Hung, 1987; Zhang, 1987; Li & Liu, 1985)

No Tone Sandhi over T4+T4

Sandhi over T1+T1 and T4+T1 are only right aligned

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Two remaining cases (1): T3+T1+T1 ¡

ì Literature T3+T1+T1→ T3+T3+T1→T2+T3+T1 ¡ ì Our finding

T3+T1+T1 vs T2+T3+T1

¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ (with +/- 1 standard error of mean)

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Two remaining cases (2): T3+T3+T3

Left to Right Right to Left

T3+T3+T3→T2+T3+T3→T2+T2+T3

T3+T3+T3→T3+T2+T3

¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ (with +/- 1 standard error of mean)

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Concluding Remarks

a much simpler picture of Tianjin tone sandhi

ì Tone Sandhi: Not the change of one lexical tone to another ì Only Three Bisyllabic Sandhi Patterns T3+T3, T1+T1, T4+T1

ì Not all applied consistently in trisyllabic sequences

ì T3+T3 is consistently applied ì T1+T1 and T4+T1 are right aligned

ì Complex trisyllabic sandhi is only found in T3+T3+T3

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Acknowledgement

ì We thank the support from the CSC scholarship and

LUF grant to Qian Li as well as the support from NWO and ERC to Yiya Chen.

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Selected References

Chen, M. Y. (2000). Tone Sandhi: Patterns across Chinese Dialects. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. Huang, X., X. Yan, et al. (2005). Yinnan yu Luxiang – Lun Tianjin Fangyan de Liandu Biandiao. Beijing, Shangwu Press. Hung, T. (1987). “Tianjin Tone Sandhi: Towards A Unified Approach.” Journal of Chinese Linguistics 15 (2): 274-305. Li, X. and S. Liu (1985). “Tianjin Fangyan de Liandu Biandiao.” Zhongguo Yuwen 1:76-80. Tan, F. (1987). “Tone Sandhi in the Tianjin Dialect.” Journal of Chinese Linguistics 15 (2): 228-246. Zhang, Z.-s. (1987). “The Paradox of Tianjin: Another Look.” Journal of Chinese Linguistics 15 (2): 247-273. etc.

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Thank you for your attention! Questions and comments are welcome!

Email: q.li@hum.leidenuniv.nl