The Acquisition of Mandarin The Acquisition of Mandarin Tones by - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

The Acquisition of Mandarin The Acquisition of Mandarin Tones by Japanese Learners Tones by Japanese Learners

Hong Zhu Hong Zhu1

1, Peng Zhang

, Peng Zhang2

2, Kei Yoshimoto

, Kei Yoshimoto1

1

1 1The Graduate School of International Cultural Studies,

The Graduate School of International Cultural Studies, Tohoku University, Japan Tohoku University, Japan

2 2Japanese Department, Zhongnan University of

Japanese Department, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, China Economics and Law, China

Contents Contents

Perceptual cues for Tone 2 and Tone 3: Turning point and ΔF0 Experiment Results Discussion and Conclusion Introduction

1

• Introduction

Introduction

Previous studies

Mainly observation and comparison of the two languages

Importance of turning point and ΔF0 on the

distinction between Tone 2 and Tone 3 (Moore & Jongman 1997)

What is difficult for Japanese native speakers in discriminating between Tone 2 and Tone 3 ?

2

3

Do Do Japanese native speakers Japanese native speakers discriminate between discriminate between Tone Tone 2 and Tone 3 2 and Tone 3 by these by these two two factors factors

4

• Experiment

Experiment

Vowels for synthesis:

/uɣ/ (Chao 1968) /ɨɣ/ (Zhu 2010)

5

• Experiment

Experiment

Vowels for synthesis:

/uɣ/ (Chao 1968) /ɨɣ/ (Zhu 2010)

5

Stimuli:

6

Turning point Turning point Δ ΔF F0

20~220 ms in 40ms steps,6 stimuli for each vowel 10~70 Hz in steps of 15 Hz, 5 stimuli for each vowel

7

• Higher ΔF0
• Later

turning point

• lower ΔF0
• Earlier

turning point

• Procedure

Procedure

Praat

"ooTextFile" "ExperimentMFC 5" stimuliAreSounds? <yes> stimulusFileNameHead = "sounds0/" stimulusFileNameTail = ".wav" stimulusCarrierBefore = "" stimulusCarrierAfter = "" stimulusInitialSilenceDuration = 0.5 seconds stimulusMedialSilenceDuration = 0.5 numberOfDifferentStimuli = 120 "11_i" "|第二声|第三声" "12_i" "|第二声|第三声" "13_i" "|第二声|第三声" "14_i" "|第二声|第三声" "15_i" "|第二声|第三声" ………………………….

numberOfReplicationsPerStimulus = 2 breakAfterEvery = 40 randomize = <PermuteBalancedNoDoublets> startText = "クリックして始めてくだ さい" runText = " "聞こえた声調を選んでく 聞こえた声調を選んでく ださい ださい" " pauseText = " "よろしければ休憩して よろしければ休憩して ください。クリックして再開してく ください。クリックして再開してく ださい。 ださい。” ” endText = " "終了です。お疲れさまで 終了です。お疲れさまで した。 した。" " maximumNumberOfReplays = 0 replayButton = 0 0 0 0 "" ""

• kButton = 0 0 0 0 "" ""
• opsButton = 0 0 0 0 "" ""

responsesAreSounds? <no> "" "" "" "" 0 numberOfDifferentResponses = 2 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.5 "" 40 "" "left" 0.6 0.8 0.3 0.5 "" 40 "" "right" numberOfGoodnessCategories = 0

8

The presentation screen of the The presentation screen of the experiment experiment

Click it to start Click it to start

Please choose the Please choose the Tone which you Tone which you heard heard The end. The end. Thank you very much! Thank you very much! You can have a rest You can have a rest if you want and then if you want and then click it to continue click it to continue 9

• Results

Results

10

/a/ /ü/ /u/ /i/

11

/a/ /i/ /u/ /ü/

Data analysis

12

Moore & Jongman (1997)

13

Japanese learner Japanese learner :

:

• Discussion and Conclusion

Discussion and Conclusion

• 1. distinguishing between Tone 2 and Tone 3 is

affected by the factors of turning point and ΔF0

• 2. Turning point seems to be the primary cause of

confusion in learning Mandarin tones

An interdependency between ΔF0 and the turning

point that contributes to perception of tones 2 and 3

• Japanese learners:

Japanese learners:

• Chinese native speakers:

Chinese native speakers:

14

Predicted distribution diagram

The order of perception ambiguity:

15

/ i />/ ü />/ a />/ u /

• Shi(2008)

Shi(2008)

F2 values of the four vowels:

16

/ i />/ ü />/ a />/ u /

17

• Future investigation

Future investigation

the smaller the F2 value the smaller the F2 value the better the ability of Japanese the better the ability of Japanese learners to perceive tones learners to perceive tones

Thank you for your attention! Thank you for your attention!

Δ ΔＦ Ｆ0 (Hz (Hz) ) 70 70

15a 15a 25a 25a 35a 35a 45a 45a 55a 55a 65a 65a

55 55

14a 14a 24a 24a 34a 34a 44a 44a 54a 54a 64a 64a

40 40

13 a 13 a 23a 23a 33a 33a 43a 43a 53a 53a 63a 63a

25 25

12a 12a 22a 22a 32a 32a 42a 42a 52a 52a 62a 62a

10 10

11a 11a 21a 21a 31a 31a 41a 41a 51a 51a 61a 61a

20 20 60 60 100 100 140 140 180 180 220 220 転換点 転換点 (ms) (ms)

/a/ /a/

１１-a (TP (TP： ：20ms, 20ms, Δ ΔＦ Ｆ0

0：

：25Hz) 25Hz)

12-a (TP

(TP： ：20ms, 20ms, Δ ΔＦ Ｆ0

0：

：25Hz) 25Hz)

13-a (TP

(TP： ：20ms, 20ms, Δ ΔＦ Ｆ0

0：

：40Hz) 40Hz)

14-a (TP (TP： ：20ms, 20ms, Δ ΔＦ Ｆ0

0：

：55Hz 55Hz)

)

15-a (TP

(TP： ：20ms, 20ms, Δ ΔＦ Ｆ0

0：

：70Hz) 70Hz)