Transition the patrimonialization of post-communist Europe Prof - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

European Research Centre for Anti-Corruption and State-Building

www.againstcorruption.eu

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The Other Transition

• the

patrimonialization of post-communist Europe

Prof

• f.

. Dr Dr. . Alina Mun ungiu-Pippidi May y 2014 pi pippidi@hertie-schoo

• ol.or
• rg

House of head of Communist party, Simferopol, Crimeea, 2004

The gap to fill in the EU and the neighboring regions

2 4 6 8 10 Western Europe Southern Europe New EU Member States (post 2004) The Balkans Former Soviet Union Control of corruption score (recoded 1-10 best) 1996 2012

The consequences of corruption: Low tax collection

BGR CZE EST HRV HUN LTU LVA MLT POL ROM SVK SVN ARM AZE BLR GEO KGZ MDA RUS UKR BIH MKD SRB EU15

10 15 20 25 30 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Tax revenues (% of GDP in 2011) Control of Corruption 2010 (recoded 1 to 10 best)

Source: World Bank data

The consequences of corruption: Brain drain

SVN CZE MLT EST LVA POL HUN HRV LTU ROM SVK BGR RUS KAZ AZE GEO UKR ARM TJK KGZ MNE ALB MKD BIH SRB EU15

1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Brain drain (1-7 best) Control of Corruption 2007 (recoded 1-10 best)

Source: World Economic Forum data

Causes of corruption in the region: Captive media

BGR HRV CZE EST HUN LVA LTU MLT POL ROM SVK SVN ARM AZE BLR GEO KAZ KGZ MDA RUS TJK TKM UKR UZB ALB BIH MKD MNE SRB EU15

2 4 6 8 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Control of Corruption (2012) (recoded 1-10 best) Freedom of the Press (0-100 most free)

Source: Freedom House data

Causes of corruption in the region: Low/restricted internet access (lack of individual empowerment)

BGR HRV CZE EST HUN LVA LTU MLT POL ROM SVK SVN ARM AZE BLR GEO KAZ KGZ MDA RUS TJK TKM UKR UZB ALB BIH MKD MNE SRB EU15

2 4 6 8 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Control of Corruption (2012) (recoded 1-10 best) Internet users (% of population)

Source: World Bank data

Causes of corruption in the region: Weak civil society (lack of collective empowerment)

ALB ARM AZE BLR BIH BGR HRV CZE EST GEO HUN KAZ KGZ LVA LTU MKD MDA MNE POL ROM RUS SRB SVK SVN TJK TKM UKR UZB

1 3 5 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Control of Corruption (2012) (recoded 1-10 best) NIT Civil Society rating (2011) (1 to 7 worst)

Source: Freedom House data

Public sector driven by favoritism

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Region % of respondents who think that personal contacts are important Western Europe 47 Southern Europe 66 New EU Member States 59 Former Soviet Union 63 Ukraine 75 Russia 73 The Balkans 68 Serbia 59

…and corruption

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Equal treatment in the public health care system Unequal treatment in the public health care system Region / Country % of citizens who perceive equal treatment % of respondents who pay bribes from those perceiving equality % of citizens who perceive unequal treatment % of citizens who pay bribes from those perceiving inequality Northern Europe 64 2 36 98 Mediterranean Europe 58 7 42 93 New EU Members (2004- 2013) 47 13 53 87 Serbia 39 25 61 75 Ukraine 25 12 75 88