Trademarks on the Internet Judge President of the Intellectual - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Trademarks on the Internet Judge President of the Intellectual - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Jul 31, 2023 45 likes •209 views

Carlos Manuel Gonalves de Melo Marinho Trademarks on the Internet Judge President of the Intellectual Property Chamber of the Lisbon Court of Appeal Internet vs Physical World Similar needs for regulatory intervenon and surveillance;

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Trademarks on the Internet

Carlos Manuel Gonçalves de Melo Marinho

Judge President of the Intellectual Property Chamber of the Lisbon Court of Appeal

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Internet vs Physical World

  • Similar needs for regulatory intervenon and surveillance;
  • Idencal risks and opportunies;
  • Loss of a cross-border hiding effect;
  • Global monitoring.
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Emerging Effects (a.) A more rigorous management and protecon; (b). The need for permanent watching; (c). A potenally exponenal increase of ligiousness due to: (c.1). cybersquang; (c.2). no control like for trademark grounds of refusal; (c.3). increase of undue evocaons of infringements.

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Domain names disputes

  • Conflicts move to the digital field;
  • A crossroad between trademark and domain name protecon;
  • Complex legal analysis vs simple guidelines control;
  • Asymmetric protecon;
  • Difficulty to deal with accomplished facts;
  • Huge commercial relevance.
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Domain names disputes’ approaches

  • Outside the classical trademark approach;
  • Need for public policy;
  • Need for prevenon – the sunrise period;
  • General rejecon of the bad faith;
  • Similarity of marks/names is only a factor.
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Evaluaon (a). Ownership; (b). Anterior use; (c). Previous aempt to sell; (d). Lack of intenon to use; (e). Previous history; (f). Use of forged and false informaon; (g). Strong public knowledge.

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EU Public policy rules – Regulaon (EC) No 874/2004 (a). Phased registraon (b). Revocaon; (c). Objecve unlawfulness: (c.1). Identy or confusing character; (c.2). Previous recognion of the challenged right; (d). Subjecve elements: (d.1). Lack of legimate interest; (d.2). Bad faith.

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Legimate interest (a). Prior use or preparaon; (b). Common knowledge; (c). Legimate, non-commercial or fair use.

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Bad faith (a). Purpose of selling, renng, or otherwise transferring the domain name;

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(b). Purpose of prevenng the reflecon of a name in a domain name, provided that: (i). a paern of such conduct can be demonstrated; or (ii). the domain name has not been used; or (iii). failure to use the domain name within six months; (c). Purpose of disrupng the professional acvies of a competor; or (d). Purpose of aracng Internet users, for commercial gain; (e). Non demonstrable link.

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ICANN Rules – administrave proceeding (a). Selecon of a Provider; (b). Submission of a complaint; (c). Absence of discovery or witness confrontaon.

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Demonstraon (Applicant) (a). Trademark “idencal or confusingly similar”; (b). Party that registered has “no rights or legimate interests”; (c). Domain name registered and used in bad faith. Demonstraon (Defendant) (a). Bona fide; or (b). Commonly knowledge by the domain name; or (c). Legimate non-commercial or fair use.

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Remedies (a). Request for cancellaon; (b). Request for transfer. Access to court (a). Before the mandatory administrave proceeding is commenced; or (b). Aer such proceeding is concluded.

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Case Law EU

  • ECJ Case C-657/11, Belgian Electronic;
  • ECJ Case C-569/08, Internetportal.

WIPO

  • Case No. D2009-0976, Su Kutusu;
  • Case No. D2009-0913, Grey-Hen;
  • Case No. D2009-0767, Horoz;
  • Case No. D2009-0865, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A.

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e-Commerce liability

  • Need: stop unjusfied geo-blocking.
  • Tension between:
  • 1. Recognion of the value of e-commerce; and
  • 2. Fight against the violaon of rights and consumer protecon.
  • Legal approach: e-Commerce Direcve 2000/31/EC.

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Secondary liability

  • ISPs: no general obligaon to monitor...
  • Restricon – obligaon ‘to inform … or communicate …’
  • Secondary liability – against registrars and administrave contacts.
  • To hear a case:
  • is similar to evaluate any trademark infringement without digital

content.

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Secondary liability (cont.) Major differences: (a). Taking of evidence; (b). Dealing with the acts of the intermediaries. Requisites of the secondary liability:

  • Joined Cases C-236/08 to C-238/08, Google France SARL;
  • Case C-324/09, L’Oréal SA.

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