Toyotas Initiatives for Realizing Sustainable Mobility 1 October - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Toyotas Initiatives for Realizing Sustainable Mobility 1 October - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Toyotas Initiatives for Realizing Sustainable Mobility 1 October 2008 1 October 2008 Masatami Takimoto Masatami Takimoto Toyota Motor Corporation Toyota Motor Corporation 1 Recognizing Challenges 1. Reduce Oil Consumption Reduce Oil

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1 October 2008 Masatami Takimoto Toyota Motor Corporation 1 October 2008 Masatami Takimoto Toyota Motor Corporation

Toyota’s Initiatives for Realizing Sustainable Mobility

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  • 3. Prevent Air Pollution

3.

  • 3. Prevent Air Pollution

Prevent Air Pollution

  • 1. Reduce Oil Consumption

and Promote Wider Use of Alternative Energies 1.

  • 1. Reduce Oil Consumption

Reduce Oil Consumption and Promote Wider Use of Alternative Energies and Promote Wider Use of Alternative Energies

  • 2. Reduce CO2 （

for prevention of global warming）

2.

  • 2. Reduce CO

Reduce CO2

2 （

（ for prevention of global warming for prevention of global warming） ） Recognizing Challenges

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Size and weight reduction is crucial to energy conservation and lower CO2 emissions Size and weight reduction is crucial to energy conservation and Size and weight reduction is crucial to energy conservation and lower CO lower CO2

2 emissions

emissions

【

Six methods by which the world’s most compact vehicle was achieved 】

【

Six methods by which the world’s most compact vehicle was achieved 】

Reverse placement of differential gear Reverse placement of differential gear Centered take-off gearbox Centered take-off gearbox Placement of ultra-thin fuel tank under floor Placement of ultra-thin fuel tank under floor Compact air conditioning unit Compact air conditioning unit Asymmetric installment panel Asymmetric installment panel Slimmed backs of car seats Slimmed backs of car seats

Initiatives for Reducing Size and Weight of Vehicles

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L3 1.0L L3 1.0L Newly- developed L4 1.3L New Start & Stop system Newly- developed L4 1.3L New Start & Stop system L4 1.8L 2.0L Valvematic system L4 1.8L 2.0L Valvematic system Newly- developed L4 2.5L 2.7L Newly- developed L4 2.5L 2.7L V6 2.5L 3.0L 3.5L 4.0L V6 2.5L 3.0L 3.5L 4.0L V8 4.6L 5.0L 5.7L V8 4.6L 5.0L 5.7L

Add variations of fuel-efficient engines Add variations of fuel Add variations of fuel-

  • efficient engines

efficient engines Advanced Gasoline Engine Technology Complete upgrading of entire engine series from L3 (1.0 L) to V8 Complete upgrading of entire engine series from L3 (1.0 L) to V8

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Advanced Gasoline Engine Technology

＜Improvement of fuel efficiency＞ ＜Improvement of fuel efficiency＞ ＜Weight reduction＞ ＜Weight reduction＞ ＜Improvement of performance＞ ＜Improvement of performance＞

CO2 Declared Value （ g/km）

Engine

former

new

former

1MZ-FE

new

2ZR-FE 1ZZ-FE 2GR-FE

former

new

3GR-FSE 2JZ-GE

former

new

1UR-FSE 3UZ-FE

Achieved improvement in fuel efficiency by introducing new engines

■Fuel efficiency comparison（ former-new） ■Fuel efficiency comparison（ former-new）

former

1SZ-FE

new

1KR-FE

former

1AZ-FSE

new

3ZR-FAE 2JZ-FSE 2GR-FSE 3UZ-FE 1UR-FSE

former new former new

engine

Weight comparison by output（ kg/kW/L）

Reduced weight by using aluminum material and modularized parts.

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

■Engine weight comparison（ former-new) ■Engine weight comparison（ former-new) Performance improved by introducing D-4S, high compression ratio and lowering friction. Output comparison（ kW/L）

50 60 70 ‘90 ’95 ‘00 ‘05 ’08 （ year）

Achieved improvements in weight reduction, fuel efficiency and performance at the same time Achieved improvements in weight reduction, Achieved improvements in weight reduction, fuel efficiency and performance at the same time fuel efficiency and performance at the same time

300 250 150 100 200 1.0L class 2.0L class 3.0L class 4.0L class

Avensis Lexus RX Lexus GS Lexus LS

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Diesel Engine Line-up Expand line-up and increase production Expand line Expand line-

  • up and increase production

up and increase production

1.4 liter

Debut scheduled for 2012 Debut scheduled for 2012

1.6 liter class 2.0-2.2 liter 2.5-3.0 liter V8 4.5 liter

Million units

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 Production Volume of Diesel Engines 1.3

Total cumulative production has reached 20 million Total cumulative production has reached 20 million

2007

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Vehicle Weight (ton) CO2 Emission (g/km)

Prius Prius Camry HV Camry HV GS450h GS450h RX400h RX400h LS600h LS600h

Gasoline Gasoline Diesel Diesel Gasoline HV Gasoline HV

Heavy Large

EC mode

HV contribute to reduced CO2 emissions HV contribute to reduced CO HV contribute to reduced CO2

2 emissions

emissions Environmental Superiority of Hybrid Vehicles (HV)

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900 900 800 800 700 700 600 600 500 500 400 400 300 300 200 200 100 100 1,000 1,000

( thousand） ( thousand）

’97 ’97 ’98 ’98 ’99 ’99 ’00 ’00 ’01 ’01 ’02 ’02 ’03 ’03 ’04 ’04 ’05 ’05 ’06 ’06 ’07 ’07 ’08 ’08 ’09 ’09 ( year） ( year）

Annual sales of Toyota HV（ world wide） Annual sales of Toyota HV（ world wide）

Increase promotion of HV Accelerate promotion of hybrid models to satisfy market demand Accelerate promotion of hybrid models to satisfy market demand Accelerate promotion of hybrid models to satisfy market demand

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5 5 ’03 Prius ’05 RX400h ’97 Prius ’06 GS450h ’07 LS600h Technology Technology Output density ratio Output density ratio 1 1 3 3 6 6 4 4 2 2

Increase in output density and reduction in size and weight Increase in output density and reduction in size and weight Increase in output density and reduction in size and weight

Permanent Magnet Motor Permanent Magnet Motor Increase in voltage Increase in voltage Increase in speed Increase in speed Two-stage motor speed reduction gear Two-stage motor speed reduction gear

33 kW 50 kW 123 kW 147 kW 165 kW

Evolution of Electric Motors for HV

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Volume output density (W/L) Volume output density (W/L) Mass output density (W/kg) Mass output density (W/kg)

Lighter

(Cylindrical) (Cylindrical)

(Square plastic package) (Square plastic package)

Smaller 30% Improvement 30% Improvement

’03 Prius ’00 Prius

(Square resin package) (Square resin package)

’97 Prius RX400h

(Square metal package) (Square metal package)

Evolution of Batteries for HV Increase in output density and reduction in size and weight Increase in output density and reduction in size and weight Increase in output density and reduction in size and weight

35% Improvement 35% Improvement

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HV Competitive Performance

  • Toyota far exceeds other car makers in HV sales
  • Toyota HV are superior in fuel efficiency
  • Toyota far exceeds other car makers in HV sales

Toyota far exceeds other car makers in HV sales

  • Toyota HV are superior in fuel efficiency

Toyota HV are superior in fuel efficiency

(thousand units/year) 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 Vehicle Weight （ lbs）

10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Fuel Economy （ mpg）

◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲

  • ’02 ’03 ’04 ’05 ’06 ’07

’01 ’00 ’99 ’98 ’97 50

■

Toyota Maker A Maker BMaker C

100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450

Toyota HV Other Makers HV

◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ◆

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Household electricity Household electricity

Fuel Tank

Engine Motor

Plug-in Hybrid Vehicle

Battery

Recharge battery using an external power source Short distance: EV Long distance: HV Recharge battery using an external power source Short distance: EV Long distance: HV

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Hybrid Hybrid

Short distance: EV Short distance: EV Long distance: HV Long distance: HV

Electricity Electricity

What is a Plug-in Hybrid Vehicle?

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Partner： University of California Berkeley, Irvine

Partner: EDF

(13km EV driving distance) (13km EV driving distance) Toyota PHVs Toyota PHVs

Verification testing is underway in Japan, Europe and the USA

confirming improved fuel efficiency for plug-in hybrid vehicles

Verification testing is underway in Japan, Europe and the USA Verification testing is underway in Japan, Europe and the USA

  • confirming improved fuel efficiency for plug

confirming improved fuel efficiency for plug-

  • in hybrid vehicles

in hybrid vehicles

＜ Fuel Efficiency Improvement ＞ ＜ Fuel Efficiency Improvement ＞

Data on driving in Japan Data on driving in Japan

Prius Prius

Level of gasoline vehicles Level of gasoline vehicles 10 10 8 8 6 6 4 4 2 2 20 20 40 40 60 60 Driving distance after battery charged (km) Driving distance after battery charged (km)

Results of Verification Testing for Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles

Fuel economy (gasoline vehicle=1)

＜Expected Values for EV Driving Distance ＞

（ Result from user questionnaires）

10km 10km 20km 20km 40km 40km Other Other No Answer No Answer 20％ 7％ 7％ 19％ 19％ 22％ 22％ 30％ 30％

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Challenges for EV: 1) Cruising range, 2) cost, 3) charging time, 4) dedicated charging infrastructure For the time being, a realistic option as compact commuter vehicles Challenges for EV: Challenges for EV: 1) Cruising range, 2) cost, 3) charging time, 4) dedicated charg 1) Cruising range, 2) cost, 3) charging time, 4) dedicated charging infrastructure ing infrastructure

  • For the time being, a realistic option as compact commuter vehi

For the time being, a realistic option as compact commuter vehicles cles

EV Initiatives

Toyota RAV4 EV Toyota RAV4 EV Toyota e-com Toyota e-com

Accelerate R&D of new generation EV

(in early 2010s)

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10 10 100 100 1000 1000 10000 10000

L i t h i u m

  • i
  • n

b a t t e r i e s N a t i

  • n

a l p r

  • j

e c t t a r g e t s L i t h i u m

  • i
  • n

b a t t e r i e s N a t i

  • n

a l p r

  • j

e c t t a r g e t s

’10 ’10 ’20 ’20 ’15 ’15

Nickel-hydride batteries Nickel-hydride batteries Traditional battery performance limit Traditional battery performance limit Output Density (W/ L) Output Density (W/ L) Energy Density (W/L) Cruising Distance Energy Density (W/L) Cruising Distance

A

Research bodies

A

Research bodies

B

Universities

B

Universities

A

Research bodies

A

Research bodies Electrochemistry Electrochemistry Organic and inorganic chemistry Organic and inorganic chemistry Chemical engineering Chemical engineering Analysis Analysis Simulation Simulation

Recruitment and training

  • f research

personnel Recruitment and training

  • f research

personnel

Toyota battery research department (open laboratory) Toyota battery research department (open laboratory)

Next Generation Batteries

Research Organization for Next-generation Batteries

“Sakichi” Batteries

Physical chemistry Physical chemistry Solid-state physics Solid-state physics

New battery research department to be established as part of efforts to accelerate R&D for a next generation battery New battery research department to be established New battery research department to be established as part of efforts to accelerate R&D for a next generation batte as part of efforts to accelerate R&D for a next generation battery ry

1000 1000 2000 2000 4000 4000 6000 6000 8000 8000 10000 10000

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FFV FFV FCHV FCHV

Alternative Fuels Initiatives（ Bio Fuels, Natural Gas, Hydrogen）

With HV and PHV as core technologies, Toyota develops and offers products based on the concept “right vehicle for the right place at the right time” With HV and PHV as core technologies, Toyota develops and offers With HV and PHV as core technologies, Toyota develops and offers products products based on the concept based on the concept “ “right vehicle for the right place at the right time right vehicle for the right place at the right time” ”

Bio Fuels Bio Fuels

  • Research for manufacturing cellulose ethanol
  • All models adopted to E10
  • Development of vehicles like FFV or BDF-vehicles

to satisfy regional demand

Hydrogen Hydrogen

  • Steady advances in FCV technology

Natural Gas Natural Gas

  • Introduce CNG vehicles
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18 Power split Power split device device Generator Generator

Battery Battery Motor Motor Power Power Control Control Unit Unit

ICE Hybrid Vehicle ICE Hybrid Vehicle

Hybrid technology Hybrid technology Hybrid technology

Scenarios for Response to Environmental and Energy Issues

Electricity Electricity generation generation Hydrogen Hydrogen production production

Biomass Biomass Nuclear Nuclear energy energy Hydro, Hydro, Solar, Solar, Geothermal Geothermal energy energy Coal Coal Natural Natural gas gas Oil Oil Synthetic fuels Synthetic fuels

(GTL/CTL/BTL) (GTL/CTL/BTL)

Electricity Electricity Hydrogen Hydrogen Gasoline and Gasoline and diesel fuel diesel fuel (from

(from conventional oil conventional oil fields) fields)

Gasoline and Gasoline and diesel fuel diesel fuel

(from deep (from deep-

  • sea oil fields,

sea oil fields,

  • il
  • il shales

shales, etc.) , etc.)

Gas Gas

Gasification/synthetic technology CO2 reduction technology (during production of fuel) Obtain desired properties Technology utilizing cellulose CO2 reduction technology (thermal power station) CO2 reduction technology (during hydrogen production) Infrastructure development Hydrogen storage technology Electrical storage technology for EV Drilling and refining technology and cost Stabilize supply Infrastructure development Gas storage technology Build infrastructure

2010 2030

Bio Bio-

  • ethanol /

ethanol / bio bio-

  • diesel

diesel

Engine Engine Fuel Tank Fuel Tank

Bio-fuel, GTL/CTL/BTL, Gas, etc

Electrical storage technology for PHVs and small EVs

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Scenarios for Response to Environmental and Energy Issues

Plug Plug

Electricity Electricity generation generation Hydrogen Hydrogen production production

Biomass Biomass Nuclear Nuclear energy energy Hydro, Hydro, Solar, Solar, Geothermal Geothermal energy energy Coal Coal Natural Natural gas gas Oil Oil

Gasification/synthetic technology CO2 reduction technology (during production of fuel) Obtain desired properties Technology utilizing cellulose Electrical storage technology for PHVs and small EVs CO2 reduction technology (thermal power station) CO2 reduction technology (during hydrogen production) Infrastructure development Hydrogen storage technology Electrical storage technology for EV Drilling and refining technology and cost Stabilize supply Infrastructure development Gas storage technology Build infrastructure

2010 2030

Hybrid technology Hybrid technology Hybrid technology

Power split Power split device device Generator Generator

Battery Battery Motor Motor Power Power Control Control Unit Unit

Plug-in Hybrid Vehicle Plug-in Hybrid Vehicle

Synthetic fuels Synthetic fuels

(GTL/CTL/BTL) (GTL/CTL/BTL)

Electricity Electricity Hydrogen Hydrogen Gasoline and Gasoline and diesel fuel diesel fuel (from

(from conventional oil conventional oil fields) fields)

Gasoline and Gasoline and diesel fuel diesel fuel

(from deep (from deep-

  • sea oil fields,

sea oil fields,

  • il
  • il shales

shales, etc.) , etc.)

Gas Gas Bio Bio-

  • ethanol /

ethanol / bio bio-

  • diesel

diesel

Engine Engine Fuel Tank Fuel Tank

Bio-fuel, GTL/CTL/BTL, Gas, etc

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Scenarios for Response to Environmental and Energy Issues

Engine Engine Fuel Fuel Tank Tank Power split Power split device device Generator Generator

Electricity Electricity generation generation Hydrogen Hydrogen production production

Biomass Biomass Nuclear Nuclear energy energy Hydro, Hydro, Solar, Solar, Geothermal Geothermal energy energy Coal Coal Natural Natural gas gas Oil Oil

Gasification/synthetic technology CO2 reduction technology (during production of fuel) Obtain desired properties Technology utilizing cellulose CO2 reduction technology (thermal power station) CO2 reduction technology (during hydrogen production) Infrastructure development Hydrogen storage technology Electrical storage technology for EV Drilling and refining technology and cost Stabilize supply Infrastructure development Gas storage technology Build infrastructure

2010 2030

Hybrid technology Hybrid technology Hybrid technology

Electrical storage technology for PHVs and small EVs

Plug Plug Battery Battery Motor Motor Power Power Control Control Unit Unit

Electric Vehicle Electric Vehicle

Synthetic fuels Synthetic fuels

(GTL/CTL/BTL) (GTL/CTL/BTL)

Electricity Electricity Hydrogen Hydrogen Gasoline and Gasoline and diesel fuel diesel fuel (from

(from conventional oil conventional oil fields) fields)

Gasoline and Gasoline and diesel fuel diesel fuel

(from deep (from deep-

  • sea oil fields,

sea oil fields,

  • il
  • il shales

shales, etc.) , etc.)

Gas Gas Bio Bio-

  • ethanol /

ethanol / bio bio-

  • diesel

diesel

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Battery Battery Motor Motor

Fuel-Cell Hybrid Vehicle (FCHV) Fuel-Cell Hybrid Vehicle (FCHV)

Scenarios for Response to Environmental and Energy Issues

Hydrogen Hydrogen Tank Tank

Power split Power split device device Generator Generator

Power Power Control Control Unit Unit FC FC Stack Stack

Electricity Electricity generation generation Hydrogen Hydrogen production production

Biomass Biomass Nuclear Nuclear energy energy Hydro, Hydro, Solar, Solar, Geothermal Geothermal energy energy Coal Coal Natural Natural gas gas Oil Oil

Gasification/synthetic technology CO2 reduction technology (during production of fuel) Obtain desired properties Technology utilizing cellulose CO2 reduction technology (thermal power station) CO2 reduction technology (during hydrogen production) Infrastructure development Hydrogen storage technology Electrical storage technology for EV Drilling and refining technology and cost Stabilize supply Infrastructure development Gas storage technology Build infrastructure

2010 2030

Hybrid technology Hybrid technology Hybrid technology

Electrical storage technology for PHVs and small EVs

Synthetic fuels Synthetic fuels

(GTL/CTL/BTL) (GTL/CTL/BTL)

Electricity Electricity Hydrogen Hydrogen Gasoline and Gasoline and diesel fuel diesel fuel (from

(from conventional oil conventional oil fields) fields)

Gasoline and Gasoline and diesel fuel diesel fuel

(from deep (from deep-

  • sea oil fields,

sea oil fields,

  • il
  • il shales

shales, etc.) , etc.)

Gas Gas Bio Bio-

  • ethanol /

ethanol / bio bio-

  • diesel

diesel

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TODAY for TOMORROW TODAY for TOMORROW