Toyotas Initiatives for Realizing Sustainable Mobility September 5, - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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September 5, 2008 Kazuo Okamoto Toyota Motor Corporation September 5, 2008 Kazuo Okamoto Toyota Motor Corporation

Toyota’s Initiatives for Realizing Sustainable Mobility

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Toyota’s Actions Focused on Rapid Changes Today Toyota’s Actions Focused on Rapid Changes Today

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L3 1.0ℓ L3 1.0ℓ Newly- developed L4 1.3ℓ New Start & Stop system Newly- developed L4 1.3ℓ New Start & Stop system L4 1.8ℓ 2.0ℓ Valvematic system L4 1.8ℓ 2.0ℓ Valvematic system Newly- developed L4 2.5ℓ 2.7ℓ Newly- developed L4 2.5ℓ 2.7ℓ V6 2.5ℓ 3.0ℓ 3.5ℓ 4.0ℓ V6 2.5ℓ 3.0ℓ 3.5ℓ 4.0ℓ V8 4.6ℓ 5.0ℓ 5.7ℓ V8 4.6ℓ 5.0ℓ 5.7ℓ

Add variations of fuel-efficient engines Add variations of fuel Add variations of fuel-

• efficient engines

efficient engines Advanced Gasoline Engine Technology Complete upgrading all of engine series from L3 (1.0 ℓ

) through V8

Complete upgrading all of engine series from L3 (1.0 ℓ

) through V8

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Advanced Gasoline Engine Technology

＜Improvement of fuel efficiency＞ ＜Improvement of fuel efficiency＞ ＜Weight reduction＞ ＜Weight reduction＞ ＜Improvement of performance＞ ＜Improvement of performance＞

Fuel economy label （ mpg） Engine

former

new

former

3MZ-FE

new

2ZR-FE 1ZZ-FE 2GR-FE

former

new

3GR-FSE 1JZ-GE

former

new

1UR-FE 3UZ-FE

Achieved improvement in fuel efficiency by introducing new engines

■Fuel efficiency comparison（ former-new） ■Fuel efficiency comparison（ former-new）

former

1SZ-FE

new

1KR-FE

former

1AZ-FSE

new

3ZR-FAE 2JZ-FSE 2GR-FSE 3UZ-FE 1UR-FSE

former new former new

engine

Weight comparison by output（ kg/kW/ℓ ）

Reduced weight by using aluminum material, and modularized parts.

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

■Engine weight comparison（ former-new) ■Engine weight comparison（ former-new) Performance improved by introducing D-4S, high compression ratio, and lowering friction. Output comparison（ kW/ℓ ）

50 60 70 ‘90 ’95 ‘00 ‘05 ’08 （ year）

Camry(V6) Lexus LS Lexus GS

Achieved improvement in weight reduction, fuel efficiency, and in performance at the same time Achieved improvement in weight reduction, fuel efficiency, Achieved improvement in weight reduction, fuel efficiency, and in performance at the same time and in performance at the same time

3 2 5 1 5 1 2

1.0ℓ class 2.0ℓ class 3.0ℓ class 4.0ℓ class

Corolla

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9 9 8 8 7 7 6 6 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 , 1 ,

( thousand） ( thousand）

’9 7 ’9 7 ’9 8 ’9 8 ’9 9 ’9 9 ’0 ’0 0 ’0 1 ’0 1 ’0 2 ’0 2 ’0 3 ’0 3 ’0 4 ’0 4 ’0 5 ’0 5 ’0 6 ’0 6 ’0 7 ’0 7 ’0 8 ’0 8 ’0 9 ’0 9 ( year） ( year）

Annual sales of Toyota HV（ world wide） Annual sales of Toyota HV（ world wide）

Expansion of promoting Hybrid Vehicles (HV) Accelerate promoting hybrid models to satisfy market demand Accelerate promoting hybrid models to satisfy market demand Accelerate promoting hybrid models to satisfy market demand

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Actions Focused on Mid-Long Term Actions Focused on Mid-Long Term

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３ ． Prevention of Air Pollution ３ ． ３ ． Prevention of Air Pollution Prevention of Air Pollution １ ． Reducing Oil Consumption and Promoting Wide Use of Alternative Energies １ ． １ ． Reducing Oil Consumption Reducing Oil Consumption and Promoting Wide Use of Alternative Energies and Promoting Wide Use of Alternative Energies ２ ． Reducing CO2（

for preventing global warming）

２ ． ２ ． Reducing CO Reducing CO2

2（

（ for preventing global warming for preventing global warming） ） Recognizing Challenges

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Size and weight reduction is crucial to energy conservation and lower CO2 emissions Size and weight reduction is crucial to energy conservation and Size and weight reduction is crucial to energy conservation and lower CO lower CO2

2 emissions

emissions

【

Six methods by which world’s most compact vehicle was achieved 】

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Six methods by which world’s most compact vehicle was achieved 】

Differential gear reverse placement Differential gear reverse placement Center take-off gearbox Center take-off gearbox Placement of ultra-thin fuel tank under floor Placement of ultra-thin fuel tank under floor Compact air conditioning unit Compact air conditioning unit Asymmetric installment panel Asymmetric installment panel Slimmed seat backs Slimmed seat backs

Initiatives for Reducing Size and Weight of Vehicles

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Vehicle Weight (ton) CO2 Emission (g/km)

Prius Prius Camry HV Camry HV GS450h GS450h RX400h RX400h LS600h LS600h

Gasoline Gasoline Diesel Diesel Gasoline HV Gasoline HV

Heavy Large

EC mode

HVs contribute to reduced CO2 emissions HVs HVs contribute to reduced CO contribute to reduced CO2

2 emissions

emissions Environmental Superiority of HV

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5 5 ’03 Prius ’05 RX400h ’97 Prius ’06 GS450h ’07 LS600h Technology Technology Output density ratio Output density ratio 1 1 3 3 6 6 4 4 2 2

Reducing size and weight by increasing output density Reducing size and weight by increasing output density Reducing size and weight by increasing output density

Permanent Magnet Motor Permanent Magnet Motor Increasing voltage Increasing voltage Increasing speed Increasing speed Two-stage motor speed reduction gear Two-stage motor speed reduction gear

33 kW 50 kW 123 kW 147 kW 165 kW

Evolution of Electric Motors for HV

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Volume output density (W/ℓ ) Volume output density (W/ℓ ) Mass output density (W/kg) Mass output density (W/kg)

Lighter

(Cylindrical) (Cylindrical)

(Square plastic package) (Square plastic package)

Smaller 30% Improvement 30% Improvement

’03 Prius ’00 Prius

(Square resin package) (Square resin package)

’97 Prius RX400h

(Square metal package) (Square metal package)

Evolution of Batteries for HV Reducing size and weight by increasing output density Reducing size and weight by increasing output density Reducing size and weight by increasing output density

35% Improvement 35% Improvement

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HV Competitiveness of HV With Other Car makers

• Toyota overcomes other car makers in HV sales
• Toyota HV superiors other makers’ HV in fuel efficiency
• Toyota overcomes other car makers in HV sales

Toyota overcomes other car makers in HV sales

• Toyota HV superiors other makers

Toyota HV superiors other makers’ ’ HV in fuel efficiency HV in fuel efficiency

(thousand units/year) 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 Vehicle Weight （ ｌ ｂ ｓ ）

10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Fuel Economy （ ｍｐ ｇ ）

◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲

• ’02 ’03 ’04 ’05 ’06 ’07

’01 ’00 ’99 ’98 ’97 50

■

Toyota Maker Ａ Maker BMaker C

100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450

Toyota HV Other Makers HV

◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ◆ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ▲ ◆

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Household electricity Household electricity

Fuel Tank

Engine Motor

Plug-In Hybrid Vehicle

Battery

Recharging battery using an external power source Short distance:EV, Long distance:HV Recharging battery using an external power source Short distance:EV, Long distance:HV

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Hybrid Hybrid

Short distance: EV Short distance: EV Long distance: HV Long distance: HV

Electricity Electricity

What is Plug-In Hybrid Vehicle?

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Partner： University of California Berkeley, Irvine

Partner: EDF

(13km EV driving distance) (13km EV driving distance) Toyota PHVs Toyota PHVs

Verification testing is underway in Japan, Europe and the USA ⇒confirmation of improved fuel efficiency for plug-in hybrid vehicles Verification testing is underway in Japan, Europe and the USA Verification testing is underway in Japan, Europe and the USA ⇒ ⇒confirmation of improved fuel efficiency for plug confirmation of improved fuel efficiency for plug-

• in hybrid vehicles

in hybrid vehicles

＜ Fuel Efficiency Improvement ＞ ＜ Fuel Efficiency Improvement ＞

Data on driving in Japan Data on driving in Japan

Prius Prius

Level of gasoline vehicles Level of gasoline vehicles 10 10 8 8 6 6 4 4 2 2 20 20 40 40 60 60 Driving distance after battery charged (km) Driving distance after battery charged (km)

Results of Verification Testing for Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles

Fuel economy (gasoline vehicle=1)

＜Expected Values for EV Driving Distance ＞

（ Result of the user questionnaires）

10km 10km 20km 20km 40km 40km Other Other No Answer No Answer 20％ 7％ 7％ 19％ 19％ 22％ 22％ 30％ 30％

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Challenges for EV: 1) Cruising range, 2) cost, 3) charging time, 4) dedicated charging infrastructure For the time being, a realistic option as compact commuter vehicles Challenges for EV: Challenges for EV: 1) Cruising range, 2) cost, 3) charging time, 4) dedicated charg 1) Cruising range, 2) cost, 3) charging time, 4) dedicated charging infrastructure ing infrastructure

• For the time being, a realistic option as compact commuter vehi

For the time being, a realistic option as compact commuter vehicles cles

EV Initiatives

Toyota RAV4 EV Toyota RAV4 EV Toyota e-com Toyota e-com

Accelerate R&D of new generation EV

(in early 2010s)

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FFV FFV FCHV FCHV

Alternative Fuels Initiatives（ Bio Fuels, Natural Gas, Hydrogen）

Place HV and PHV as core technologies, Toyota develops and offers items based on the concept “right vehicle for the right place at the right time” Place HV and PHV as core technologies, Toyota develops and offer Place HV and PHV as core technologies, Toyota develops and offers items s items based on the concept based on the concept “ “right vehicle for the right place at the right time right vehicle for the right place at the right time” ”

Bio Fuels Bio Fuels

• Research for manufacturing cellulose ethanol
• Completed all models to adopted to E10
• Development of vehicles like FFV or BDF-vehicles

to satisfy regional demand

Hydrogen Hydrogen

• Steady advances in FCV technology

Natural Gas Natural Gas

• Introducing CNG vehicle

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1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

L i t h i u m

• i
• n

b a t t e r i e s N a t i

• n

a l p r

• j

e c t t a r g e t s L i t h i u m

• i
• n

b a t t e r i e s N a t i

• n

a l p r

• j

e c t t a r g e t s

’1 ’1 ’2 ’2 ’1 5 ’1 5

Nickel-hydride batteries Nickel-hydride batteries

1 1 2 2 4 4 6 6 8 8 1 1

Traditional battery performance limit Traditional battery performance limit Output Density (W/l) Output Density (W/l) Energy Density (W/l) Cruising Distance Energy Density (W/l) Cruising Distance

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Research bodies

A

Research bodies

B

Universities

B

Universities

A

Research bodies

A

Research bodies Electrochemistry Electrochemistry Organic and inorganic chemistry Organic and inorganic chemistry Chemical engineering Chemical engineering Analysis Analysis Simulation Simulation

Recruitment and training

• f research

personnel Recruitment and training

• f research

personnel

Toyota battery research department (open laboratory) Toyota battery research department (open laboratory)

N e x t G e n e r a t i

• n

B a t t e r i e s

Research Organization for Next-generation Batteries

“Sakichi” Batteries

Physical chemistry Physical chemistry Solid-state physics Solid-state physics

New battery research department to be established as part of efforts to accelerate R&D for a next generation battery New battery research department to be established New battery research department to be established as part of efforts to accelerate R&D for a next generation batte as part of efforts to accelerate R&D for a next generation battery ry

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Global R&D Centers

Australia Australia Australia Europe Europe Europe North America North America North America South East Asia South East Asia South East Asia Japan Japan Japan

North America Research Institute （ TRI-NA) is newly-organized North America Research Institute （ TRI-NA) is newly-organized

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TODAY for TOMORROW TODAY for TOMORROW