Towards a Perceptual Quality Metric for Computer-Generated Images - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Towards a Perceptual Quality Metric for Computer-Generated Images - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Oct 06, 2022 580 likes •1.54k views

Introduction Materials & Methods Results & Discussion Conclusion Towards a Perceptual Quality Metric for Computer-Generated Images Pierre Boulenguez Boris Airieau Mohamed-Chaker Larabi Daniel Meneveaux XLIM Lab., SIC Dept.,

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Introduction Materials & Methods Results & Discussion Conclusion

Towards a Perceptual Quality Metric for Computer-Generated Images

Pierre Boulenguez Boris Airieau Mohamed-Chaker Larabi Daniel Meneveaux

XLIM Lab., SIC Dept., Poitiers, France

Electronic Imaging 2012

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Introduction Materials & Methods Results & Discussion Conclusion

Work Context

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Introduction Materials & Methods Results & Discussion Conclusion

Work Context

Computer-generated images (CGIs)

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Introduction Materials & Methods Results & Discussion Conclusion

Work Context

Computer-generated images (CGIs) scientific visualisation;

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Introduction Materials & Methods Results & Discussion Conclusion

Work Context

Computer-generated images (CGIs) scientific visualisation; electronic gaming;

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Introduction Materials & Methods Results & Discussion Conclusion

Work Context

Computer-generated images (CGIs) scientific visualisation; electronic gaming; lighting engineering;

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Introduction Materials & Methods Results & Discussion Conclusion

Work Context

Computer-generated images (CGIs) scientific visualisation; electronic gaming; lighting engineering; ...

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Introduction Materials & Methods Results & Discussion Conclusion

Work Context

Computer-generated images (CGIs) scientific visualisation; electronic gaming; lighting engineering; ... Physically Based Rendering

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Introduction Materials & Methods Results & Discussion Conclusion

Work Context

Computer-generated images (CGIs) scientific visualisation; electronic gaming; lighting engineering; ... Physically Based Rendering Geometrical/wave/quantum optics

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Introduction Materials & Methods Results & Discussion Conclusion

Work Context

Computer-generated images (CGIs) scientific visualisation; electronic gaming; lighting engineering; ... Physically Based Rendering Geometrical/wave/quantum optics, but:

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Introduction Materials & Methods Results & Discussion Conclusion

Work Context

Computer-generated images (CGIs) scientific visualisation; electronic gaming; lighting engineering; ... Physically Based Rendering Geometrical/wave/quantum optics, but: exhaustive simulation impossible;

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Introduction Materials & Methods Results & Discussion Conclusion

Work Context

Computer-generated images (CGIs) scientific visualisation; electronic gaming; lighting engineering; ... Physically Based Rendering Geometrical/wave/quantum optics, but: exhaustive simulation impossible; complexity reducing assumptions !

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Introduction Materials & Methods Results & Discussion Conclusion

Problematic

Classical Assumptions

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Introduction Materials & Methods Results & Discussion Conclusion

Problematic

Classical Assumptions ambiant term;

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Introduction Materials & Methods Results & Discussion Conclusion

Problematic

Classical Assumptions ambiant term; diffuse/specular scattering;

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Introduction Materials & Methods Results & Discussion Conclusion

Problematic

Classical Assumptions ambiant term; diffuse/specular scattering; trichromatic;

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Introduction Materials & Methods Results & Discussion Conclusion

Problematic

Classical Assumptions ambiant term; diffuse/specular scattering; trichromatic; ...

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Introduction Materials & Methods Results & Discussion Conclusion

Problematic

Classical Assumptions ambiant term; diffuse/specular scattering; trichromatic; ... Compromize ?

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Introduction Materials & Methods Results & Discussion Conclusion

Problematic

Classical Assumptions ambiant term; diffuse/specular scattering; trichromatic; ... Compromize ?

Complexity reduction Quality reduction

ratio of a given assumption.

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Introduction Materials & Methods Results & Discussion Conclusion

Problematic

Classical Assumptions ambiant term; diffuse/specular scattering; trichromatic; ... Compromize ?

Complexity reduction Quality reduction

ratio of a given assumption. Problem

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Introduction Materials & Methods Results & Discussion Conclusion

Problematic

Classical Assumptions ambiant term; diffuse/specular scattering; trichromatic; ... Compromize ?

Complexity reduction Quality reduction

ratio of a given assumption. Problem No metric to quantify the perceptual quality of a CGI !

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Introduction Materials & Methods Results & Discussion Conclusion Quality Model Subjective Quality Experiment

Perceptual Quality Metric

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Introduction Materials & Methods Results & Discussion Conclusion Quality Model Subjective Quality Experiment

Perceptual Quality Metric

Objective function M

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Introduction Materials & Methods Results & Discussion Conclusion Quality Model Subjective Quality Experiment

Perceptual Quality Metric

Objective function M Q = M(C1, . . . , Cn) M relates:

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Introduction Materials & Methods Results & Discussion Conclusion Quality Model Subjective Quality Experiment

Perceptual Quality Metric

Objective function M Q = M(C1, . . . , Cn) M relates:

the overall perceptual quality Q,

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Introduction Materials & Methods Results & Discussion Conclusion Quality Model Subjective Quality Experiment

Perceptual Quality Metric

Objective function M Q = M(C1, . . . , Cn) M relates:

the overall perceptual quality Q, to the perceived qualities of the criteria C1, . . . , Cn.

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Introduction Materials & Methods Results & Discussion Conclusion Quality Model Subjective Quality Experiment

Perceptual Quality Metric

Objective function M Q = M(C1, . . . , Cn) M relates:

the overall perceptual quality Q, to the perceived qualities of the criteria C1, . . . , Cn.

Assessment of Q and C1, . . . , Cn

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Introduction Materials & Methods Results & Discussion Conclusion Quality Model Subjective Quality Experiment

Perceptual Quality Metric

Objective function M Q = M(C1, . . . , Cn) M relates:

the overall perceptual quality Q, to the perceived qualities of the criteria C1, . . . , Cn.

Assessment of Q and C1, . . . , Cn psychovisual experiments;

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Introduction Materials & Methods Results & Discussion Conclusion Quality Model Subjective Quality Experiment

Perceptual Quality Metric

Objective function M Q = M(C1, . . . , Cn) M relates:

the overall perceptual quality Q, to the perceived qualities of the criteria C1, . . . , Cn.

Assessment of Q and C1, . . . , Cn psychovisual experiments; automated measurement (work in progress).

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Introduction Materials & Methods Results & Discussion Conclusion Quality Model Subjective Quality Experiment

Perceptual Quality Criteria

Constraints on the Criteria

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Introduction Materials & Methods Results & Discussion Conclusion Quality Model Subjective Quality Experiment

Perceptual Quality Criteria

Constraints on the Criteria every possible aspect of Q;

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Introduction Materials & Methods Results & Discussion Conclusion Quality Model Subjective Quality Experiment

Perceptual Quality Criteria

Constraints on the Criteria every possible aspect of Q; intuitive;

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Introduction Materials & Methods Results & Discussion Conclusion Quality Model Subjective Quality Experiment

Perceptual Quality Criteria

Constraints on the Criteria every possible aspect of Q; intuitive; automatically measurable.

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Introduction Materials & Methods Results & Discussion Conclusion Quality Model Subjective Quality Experiment

Perceptual Quality Criteria

Constraints on the Criteria every possible aspect of Q; intuitive; automatically measurable. Five Retained Criteria

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Introduction Materials & Methods Results & Discussion Conclusion Quality Model Subjective Quality Experiment

Perceptual Quality Criteria

Constraints on the Criteria every possible aspect of Q; intuitive; automatically measurable. Five Retained Criteria

1 Color Bleeding 5 / 12

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Introduction Materials & Methods Results & Discussion Conclusion Quality Model Subjective Quality Experiment

Perceptual Quality Criteria

Constraints on the Criteria every possible aspect of Q; intuitive; automatically measurable. Five Retained Criteria

1 Color Bleeding 2 Shadows 5 / 12

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Introduction Materials & Methods Results & Discussion Conclusion Quality Model Subjective Quality Experiment

Perceptual Quality Criteria

Constraints on the Criteria every possible aspect of Q; intuitive; automatically measurable. Five Retained Criteria

1 Color Bleeding 2 Shadows 3 Noise 5 / 12

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Introduction Materials & Methods Results & Discussion Conclusion Quality Model Subjective Quality Experiment

Perceptual Quality Criteria

Constraints on the Criteria every possible aspect of Q; intuitive; automatically measurable. Five Retained Criteria

1 Color Bleeding 2 Shadows 3 Noise 4 Aliasing 5 / 12

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Introduction Materials & Methods Results & Discussion Conclusion Quality Model Subjective Quality Experiment

Perceptual Quality Criteria

Constraints on the Criteria every possible aspect of Q; intuitive; automatically measurable. Five Retained Criteria

1 Color Bleeding 2 Shadows 3 Noise 4 Aliasing 5 Dynamic 5 / 12

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Introduction Materials & Methods Results & Discussion Conclusion Quality Model Subjective Quality Experiment

Perceptual Quality Criteria

Constraints on the Criteria every possible aspect of Q; intuitive; automatically measurable. Five Retained Criteria

1 Color Bleeding

;

2 Shadows 3 Noise 4 Aliasing 5 Dynamic

Color Bleeding

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Introduction Materials & Methods Results & Discussion Conclusion Quality Model Subjective Quality Experiment

Perceptual Quality Criteria

Constraints on the Criteria every possible aspect of Q; intuitive; automatically measurable. Five Retained Criteria

1 Color Bleeding

;

2 Shadows

;

3 Noise 4 Aliasing 5 Dynamic

Shadows

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Introduction Materials & Methods Results & Discussion Conclusion Quality Model Subjective Quality Experiment

Perceptual Quality Criteria

Constraints on the Criteria every possible aspect of Q; intuitive; automatically measurable. Five Retained Criteria

1 Color Bleeding

;

2 Shadows

;

3 Noise

;

4 Aliasing 5 Dynamic

Noise

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Introduction Materials & Methods Results & Discussion Conclusion Quality Model Subjective Quality Experiment

Perceptual Quality Criteria

Constraints on the Criteria every possible aspect of Q; intuitive; automatically measurable. Five Retained Criteria

1 Color Bleeding

;

2 Shadows

;

3 Noise

;

4 Aliasing

;

5 Dynamic

Aliasing

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Introduction Materials & Methods Results & Discussion Conclusion Quality Model Subjective Quality Experiment

Perceptual Quality Criteria

Constraints on the Criteria every possible aspect of Q; intuitive; automatically measurable. Five Retained Criteria

1 Color Bleeding

;

2 Shadows

;

3 Noise

;

4 Aliasing

;

5 Dynamic

. Dynamic

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Presentation

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Presentation

Seven Scenes

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Presentation

Seven Scenes

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Presentation

Seven Scenes

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Presentation

Seven Scenes

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Presentation

Seven Scenes

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Presentation

Seven Scenes

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Presentation

Seven Scenes

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Presentation

Seven Scenes

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Presentation

Seven Scenes Seven Rendering Methods

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Seven Scenes Seven Rendering Methods

1 Ambient Term; 6 / 12

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Seven Scenes Seven Rendering Methods

1 Ambient Term; 2 Ambient Occlusion; 6 / 12

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Presentation

Seven Scenes Seven Rendering Methods

1 Ambient Term; 2 Ambient Occlusion; 3 Environment Gather; 6 / 12

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Presentation

Seven Scenes Seven Rendering Methods

1 Ambient Term; 2 Ambient Occlusion; 3 Environment Gather; 4 Photon Streaming; 6 / 12

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Introduction Materials & Methods Results & Discussion Conclusion Quality Model Subjective Quality Experiment

Presentation

Seven Scenes Seven Rendering Methods

1 Ambient Term; 2 Ambient Occlusion; 3 Environment Gather; 4 Photon Streaming; 5 Photon Mapping; 6 / 12

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Introduction Materials & Methods Results & Discussion Conclusion Quality Model Subjective Quality Experiment

Presentation

Seven Scenes Seven Rendering Methods

1 Ambient Term; 2 Ambient Occlusion; 3 Environment Gather; 4 Photon Streaming; 5 Photon Mapping; 6 PM + Final Gather; 6 / 12

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Presentation

Seven Scenes Seven Rendering Methods

1 Ambient Term; 2 Ambient Occlusion; 3 Environment Gather; 4 Photon Streaming; 5 Photon Mapping; 6 PM + Final Gather; 7 Metropolis Light Transport. 6 / 12

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Presentation

Seven Scenes Seven Rendering Methods

1 Ambient Term; 2 Ambient Occlusion; 3 Environment Gather; 4 Photon Streaming; 5 Photon Mapping; 6 PM + Final Gather; 7 Metropolis Light Transport.

Test Set 7 Scenes × 7 Methods → 49 CGIs.

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Overall Test Procedure I

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Overall Test Procedure I

Controled Environment

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Overall Test Procedure I

Controled Environment Display [30” LCD/2,560 × 1,600/calibrated/d = 4h];

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Overall Test Procedure I

Controled Environment Display [30” LCD/2,560 × 1,600/calibrated/d = 4h]; Lighting [4 D50 neons/64 lx].

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Introduction Materials & Methods Results & Discussion Conclusion Quality Model Subjective Quality Experiment

Overall Test Procedure I

Controled Environment Display [30” LCD/2,560 × 1,600/calibrated/d = 4h]; Lighting [4 D50 neons/64 lx]. Participants

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Introduction Materials & Methods Results & Discussion Conclusion Quality Model Subjective Quality Experiment

Overall Test Procedure I

Controled Environment Display [30” LCD/2,560 × 1,600/calibrated/d = 4h]; Lighting [4 D50 neons/64 lx]. Participants Gender [21 Ä/9 Ã];

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Introduction Materials & Methods Results & Discussion Conclusion Quality Model Subjective Quality Experiment

Overall Test Procedure I

Controled Environment Display [30” LCD/2,560 × 1,600/calibrated/d = 4h]; Lighting [4 D50 neons/64 lx]. Participants Gender [21 Ä/9 Ã]; Age [mean: 31.4 y./sd: 7.3 y./min: 23 y./max: 51 y.];

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Overall Test Procedure I

Controled Environment Display [30” LCD/2,560 × 1,600/calibrated/d = 4h]; Lighting [4 D50 neons/64 lx]. Participants Gender [21 Ä/9 Ã]; Age [mean: 31.4 y./sd: 7.3 y./min: 23 y./max: 51 y.]; Vision [visual acuity/color blindness];

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Overall Test Procedure I

Controled Environment Display [30” LCD/2,560 × 1,600/calibrated/d = 4h]; Lighting [4 D50 neons/64 lx]. Participants Gender [21 Ä/9 Ã]; Age [mean: 31.4 y./sd: 7.3 y./min: 23 y./max: 51 y.]; Vision [visual acuity/color blindness]; CG Knowledge [quiz/non-experts];

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Introduction Materials & Methods Results & Discussion Conclusion Quality Model Subjective Quality Experiment

Overall Test Procedure I

Controled Environment Display [30” LCD/2,560 × 1,600/calibrated/d = 4h]; Lighting [4 D50 neons/64 lx]. Participants Gender [21 Ä/9 Ã]; Age [mean: 31.4 y./sd: 7.3 y./min: 23 y./max: 51 y.]; Vision [visual acuity/color blindness]; CG Knowledge [quiz/non-experts]; Training [normalized speech/questions].

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Overall Test Procedure II

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Overall Test Procedure II

Test per se

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Introduction Materials & Methods Results & Discussion Conclusion Quality Model Subjective Quality Experiment

Overall Test Procedure II

Test per se random order;

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Overall Test Procedure II

Test per se random order; assessment of:

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Overall Test Procedure II

Test per se random order; assessment of:

→ overall quality Q,

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Overall Test Procedure II

Test per se random order; assessment of:

→ overall quality Q, → five criteria.

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Introduction Materials & Methods Results & Discussion Conclusion Quality Model Subjective Quality Experiment

Overall Test Procedure II

Test per se random order; assessment of:

→ overall quality Q, → five criteria.

continuous scale (Poor & Excellent);

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Overall Test Procedure II

Test per se random order; assessment of:

→ overall quality Q, → five criteria.

continuous scale (Poor & Excellent); ≈ 1 hour.

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Overall Test Procedure II

Test per se random order; assessment of:

→ overall quality Q, → five criteria.

continuous scale (Poor & Excellent); ≈ 1 hour. Assessment Time

Time for all−data (m=7.15e+01, sd=3.36e+02)

Time density

0.000 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.025 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

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Introduction Materials & Methods Results & Discussion Conclusion

Radar plot with confidence intervals

ML AO AT EG FG PM PS

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

Color bleeding; Shadows; Noise; Aliasing; Dynamic; Overall quality Q. ML Metropolis Light Transport; PS Photon Streaming; PM Photon Mapping; FG PM + Final Gather; EG Environment Gather; AT Ambient Term; AO Ambient Occlusion. 9 / 12

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Introduction Materials & Methods Results & Discussion Conclusion

Criteria/quality vs Methods (distributions)

Quality ColorBleeding Shadows Noise ML

Quality for scene and method cornell_ml (m=7.34e−01, sd=1.99e−01) Quality density

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2

ColorBleeding for scene and method cornell_ml (m=7.9e−01, sd=2.05e−01) ColorBleeding density

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2

Shadows for scene and method cornell_ml (m=7.14e−01, sd=2.26e−01) Shadows density

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2

Noise for scene and method cornell_ml (m=7.44e−01, sd=2.41e−01) Noise density

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

AC

Quality for scene and method cornell_ac (m=3.61e−01, sd=1.73e−01) Quality density

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2

ColorBleeding for scene and method cornell_ac (m=1.23e−01, sd=1.96e−01) ColorBleeding density

1 2 3 4 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2

Shadows for scene and method cornell_ac (m=3.7e−01, sd=2.32e−01) Shadows density

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2

Noise for scene and method cornell_ac (m=7.64e−01, sd=2.53e−01) Noise density

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

AM

Quality for scene and method cornell_am (m=1.95e−01, sd=2.06e−01)

1.5 2.0

ColorBleeding for scene and method cornell_am (m=1.1e−01, sd=1.52e−01)

3 4

Shadows for scene and method cornell_am (m=1.2e−01, sd=1.52e−01)

3 4

Noise for scene and method cornell_am (m=7.43e−01, sd=2.64e−01)

1.5

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Statistical Modeling

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Statistical Modeling

Linear regression of M Q = 0.40 Cdynamic + 0.27 Cshadows + 0.18 Cnoise 0.07 Ccolor ble + 0.03 Caliasing − 0.06

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Statistical Modeling

Linear regression of M Q = 0.40 Cdynamic + 0.27 Cshadows + 0.18 Cnoise 0.07 Ccolor ble + 0.03 Caliasing − 0.06 Discussion Overall quality mostly dependant on:

+ Dynamic, Shadows, Noise,

  • Color Bleeding, Aliasing;

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Statistical Modeling

Linear regression of M Q = 0.40 Cdynamic + 0.27 Cshadows + 0.18 Cnoise 0.07 Ccolor ble + 0.03 Caliasing − 0.06 Discussion Overall quality mostly dependant on:

+ Dynamic, Shadows, Noise,

  • Color Bleeding, Aliasing;

Similar results with three criteria.

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Synthesis and future works

Synthesis

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Introduction Materials & Methods Results & Discussion Conclusion

Synthesis and future works

Synthesis Perceptual Quality Metric Adapted to CGIs;

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Synthesis and future works

Synthesis Perceptual Quality Metric Adapted to CGIs; Five Criteria Identified;

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Introduction Materials & Methods Results & Discussion Conclusion

Synthesis and future works

Synthesis Perceptual Quality Metric Adapted to CGIs; Five Criteria Identified; Assessed by Psychovisual Experiments (49 CGIS);

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Introduction Materials & Methods Results & Discussion Conclusion

Synthesis and future works

Synthesis Perceptual Quality Metric Adapted to CGIs; Five Criteria Identified; Assessed by Psychovisual Experiments (49 CGIS); (Dynamic, Shadows, Noise) / (Color Bleeding, Aliasing). Future work

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Introduction Materials & Methods Results & Discussion Conclusion

Synthesis and future works

Synthesis Perceptual Quality Metric Adapted to CGIs; Five Criteria Identified; Assessed by Psychovisual Experiments (49 CGIS); (Dynamic, Shadows, Noise) / (Color Bleeding, Aliasing). Future work Automated Measurement of the Criteria;

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Introduction Materials & Methods Results & Discussion Conclusion

Synthesis and future works

Synthesis Perceptual Quality Metric Adapted to CGIs; Five Criteria Identified; Assessed by Psychovisual Experiments (49 CGIS); (Dynamic, Shadows, Noise) / (Color Bleeding, Aliasing). Future work Automated Measurement of the Criteria; Perceptual Quality Metric Assessment Tool.

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