Time course of changes in lactation performance, blood metabolites, - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Time course of changes in lactation performance, blood metabolites, inflammation and milk fatty acids during subacute ruminal acidosis induction and recovery in dairy cows

• E. Sandri, Y. Couture, R. Gervais, J. Levesque and D. E. Rico*

1) Time below pH 5.6 > 180 min (Gozho et al., 2005; Castillo-Lopez et al., 2004) 2) Time in acidosis + systemic inflammation (Khafipour et al., 2012). pH 5.6 > 180 min + increase in acute phase proteins

5.4 5.6 5.8 6.0 6.2 6.4

10:09:40 11:09:40 12:09:40 13:09:40 13:54:40 15:09:40 16:09:40 17:24:40 18:09:40 19:09:40 20:09:40 21:24:40 22:09:40 23:09:40 00:09:40 01:09:40 02:09:40 03:09:40 04:24:40 05:09:40 06:09:40 07:09:40 08:09:40 09:09:40

pH

Sometimes accompanied by milk fat depression (MFD)

SEM = 0.08 * P < 0.05

Rico and Harvatine, 2013 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 Fat yield (kg/d) Time (d) Control LF/HO

*

LF= Low forage HO= High oil

Lourenço et al., 2010

Linoleic acid Linolenic acid Hartfoot and Hazlewood, 1997 *Group A B A A B A + B Propionibacterium acnes A + B A B

Ruminal biohydrogenation

• f PUFA

Control Induction Recovery Abundance relative, % Azad et al., 2015 16S rRNA sequencing

4 8 12 20 4 8 12 20 4 8 12 20

0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 5 10 15 20 Time , d Control LF/HO

*

Témoin Induction

trans-10, cis-12, CLA, %

g_Prevotella g_Succinivibrionaceae g_Fibrobacter

Microbiota transformation during BH induced MFD

• _Clostridiales

g_Treponema g_succiniclasticum

Vlæminck et al. 2005 Fievez et al. 2012

Odd chain FA Branched chain FA

Milk OBCFA

anteiso

Amylolytic bacteria Amylolytic bacteria

iso

Cellulolytic bacterua

Propionate, Valerate

(odd chain VFA)

Val, Leu, Ile

(branched chain AA)

Rumen Mammary gland

Twelve ruminally cannulated cows (120 52 DIM; 35.5 8.9 kg of milk/d; mean SD) 1) SARA induction; (29% starch, 24% NDF, and 2.8% fatty acids) 2) Control / Recovery ; (20% starch, 31% NDF, and 2.3% fatty acids)

Cow Pre-Exp. Period 1 Period 2 Period 3 1 Control Control Induction Recovery 2 Induction Recovery Control Induction 3 Control Induction Recovery Control

Experimental sampling on d 0, 3, 7, 10, 14, 17, and 21 of each period. Yijk = µ + Ci + Pj + Tk + Dl + Tk*Dl + eijkl

Where: μ = Overall mean Ci = Random effect of cow Pj = Random effect of period Tk = Treatment Dl = Day eijk = Residual error

Preplanned contrasts: CON vs. SARA (A = P < 0.05; a = P < 0.10) CON vs. Recovery (R = P < 0.05; r = P < 0.10) at each time point

5.0 5.2 5.4 5.6 5.8 6.0 6.2 6.4

7 14 21 Time, d

A A

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

7 14 21 Time, d

A

R

SARA Recovery Control

A

Mean rumen pH Time below 5.6, h/d

Trt x time P < 0.001 Trt x time P < 0.001 Ecow, UK

25 29 33 37 41 45

7 14 21 kg/d Time, d

A

R

r Trt x time P < 0.001

20 22 24 26 28 30 32

7 14 21 kg/d Time, d

A

r

A A

Trt x time P < 0.001

SARA Recovery Control

Dry matter intake Milk yield

2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 7 14 21 % Time, d R A r

Trt x time P = 0.001

0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 7 14 21 kg/d Time, d a r A

Trt x time P = 0.001

SARA Recovery Control

Milk fat concentration Milk fat yield

40 60 80 100 120 140 7 14 21 μEq/L Time, d A a r

5 10 15 20 25 30

7 14 21 μg/L Time, d

A

R r 0.03 0.05 0.07 0.09 0.11 7 14 21 mmol/L Time, d A

SARA Recovery Control

Insulin NEFA BHBA

All Trt x time P = 0.001

50 80 110 140 170 200 7 14 21 Time, d A a

Trt x time P < 0.001

No effects detected on plasma cytokines: IFNα, IFNγ, IL-13, IL-1α, IL-1 F5, IL-21, IP-10, MIG, MIP-1β, and TNFα LBP, ng/mL

SARA Recovery Control

trans-10, cis-12 CLA not detected Gama-proteobacteria were associated with the trans-10/trans-11 ratio (r=0.70)

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8

7 14 21 Time, d

A

R

Trt x time P = 0.001

0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40

7 14 21 Time, d

A

R

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

7 14 21 Time, d

A

R

Trt x time P = 0.001

trans-11, C18:1 trans-10, C18:1 trans-10/trans-11 ratio

SARA Recovery Control

Trt x time P = 0.01

% of milk fat % of milk fat % of milk fat

0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30

7 14 21 Time, d

A

R

Trt x time: P < 0.001

C13:0

0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0

7 14 21 Time, d

A

R

Trt x time: P < 0.001

C15:0

SARA Recovery Control

% of milk fat % of milk fat

0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20

7 14 21 Time, d

A

R

Trt x time: P < 0.001

R

C14:0 iso

0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30

7 14 21 Time, d

A

R

Trt x time: P < 0.001

C16:0 iso

SARA Recovery Control

% of milk fat % of milk fat

0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50

7 14 21 Time, d

A

R r

A A

Trt x time: P < 0.001

C15:0 anteiso C17:0 anteiso

0.3 0.34 0.38 0.42 0.46

7 14 21 Time, d

A

R

Trt x time: P = 0.02

SARA Recovery Control

% of milk fat % of milk fat

300 350 400 450 500 550

7 14 21 g/d Time, d

A

Trt x time: P < 0.001

5 105 205 305 405 505

7 14 21 g/d Time, d

A

R

a

Trt x time: P < 0.001

SARA Recovery Control

< 16C yield > 16C yield

• Induction of SARA resulted in a rapid and transient

reduction in milk fat synthesis, which was not strongly associated with ruminal biohydrogenation.

• Milk odd and branched fatty acids closely followed
• acidosis. Changes detected in iso and anteiso fatty

acids by d 3 of diet switch.

• Potential to develop models for early prediction of

SARA by indirect methods.

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