The City of Johannesburg (CoJ) Economic Overview Demographics and Service Delivery HSRC Seminar Series 24 July 2014 Selma Karuaihe, PhD Human Science Research Council (HSRC) Economic Performance and Development (EPD)
Third Presentation Focus o CoJ Demographic Indicators o Population Composition/dynamics o Poverty o Inequality o Literacy rate o Education o CoJ Service delivery o Access to municipal services o Tourism o The role of tourism in CoJ o Crime o Analysis of crime in CoJ o Conclusions and Policy Implications
Regional Share of Total CoJ Population: 2012 Region A Region G 13% 15% Region B 8% Region F 13% Region C 16% Region E 11% Region D 24% CoJ is the most populated city in the country – total population is estimated in 4.6 million people Region D, Soweto, has the largest share of the CoJ population of 24% The 2 nd and 3 rd populated regions are C and G respectively (Source: Constructed from Global Insight REX Data, March 2013) 4
Poverty rates by Region 5
Inequality: The Gini Coefficient by Metro CoJ has had the highest level of inequality relative to other metropolitan cities between 0.60 and 0.67 for the period 1996 to 2011. This is attributed to urbanization as more people move to cities Leading to higher inequality in the metropolitan cities. This puts pressure on CoJ to create more opportunities for employment for the job seekers who come to the city in search of better opportunities ( Source : Constructed from Global Insight REX Data, July 2014 ) 6
Functional Illiteracy by CoJ Region 7
CoJ Level of Education 8
Share of Households without Electricity Connections 35 30 Share of Households (%) 25 20 15 13 13 13 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 11 11 10 10 5 0 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Region A Region B Region C Region D Region E Region F Region G CoJ The CoJ share of households with electrical connections is over 87% compared to 80% for SA Region G has the largest share of households without electrical connections With regions B and F having the lowest shares (Source: Constructed from Global Insight REX Data, March 2013) 9
Access to Water and Sanitation Access to Water The CoJ share of households with piped water is above the national average for all the years However, the share for CoJ has declined from 95.9% in 1997 to 94.6% in 2011 For all the regions except regions A and F respectively Part of the declined in service delivery could be attributed to increases in population with limited infrastructure with increased informal settlements Access to Sanitation The City’s share of households with hygienic toilets is above the national average For some regions, the share of households with access to sanitation is higher than the CoJ average The City needs to take into account the need to provide decent and adequate services to its population in order to justify annual increase of municipal services 10
Water Backlog: Number of Households below RDP Level 18 000 16 000 14 000 12 000 10 000 Number of Households 8 000 6 000 4 000 2 000 0 Region A Region B Region C Region D Region E Region F Region G 2010 14 605 3 743 10 039 12 750 7 898 3 121 15 203 2011 16 179 3 897 10 630 13 689 8 262 3 118 16 385 • The number of water backlogs are higher for regions G and A, even though region D has the largest population share of 24% 11
Role of Tourism in CoJ: Per capita spending (current prices) 12
Number of Murder Crimes Reported by Region
Robbery with Aggravating Circumstances by Metro
Conclusions The City is the most populated Metro with over 4 million people Region D (Soweto) has the largest share of the population Proportionally has the largest share of the poor In terms of service delivery, the City is performing above national average, but: Some backlogs need to be addressed to ensure that decent and adequate services are provided in line with the City’s IDP and GDS2040 Tourism has a great potential to drive the City’s economy and needs to be promoted through relevant policy initiatives Studies have shown close relationship between crime and economic development as it affects investment The City’s crime rate is higher compared to other Metros Policymakers and all stakeholders need to address that
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