THEORETICAL PARTICLE AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS IN FRANCE - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

THEORETICAL PARTICLE AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS IN FRANCE

Stéphane Lavignac (SPhT, CEA-Saclay) Resctricted ECFA meeting – Open session Paris, May 12, 2006

Outline

• description of the particle / astroparticle theory community
• working groups, collaboration with experimentalists, tools
• research activities and connection with the experimental

programme

How to define the particle / astroparticle theory community?

• exclude string theory (well represented in France), apart from a few

individuals working at the interface of string theory/extra dimensions

• exclude people working on pure astrophysical/cosmological problems

(stars, structure formation, extraction of cosmological parameters...)

• exclude nuclear physics and low-energy hadronic physics
• mainly people publishing on hep-ph, hep-lat and astro-ph. Includes

“hardcore” phenomenology (precise computation of processes or physical quantities for particle/astroparticle physics experiments); model-

• riented phenomenology (model-building, construction and study of new

theoretical frameworks and of their possible experimental signatures); particle physics models for cosmology (dark matter; dark energy; inflation and gravitational waves; baryon asymmetry)

Size of the particle/astroparticle theory community (permanent positions)

• Counting only people publishing on hep-ph and hep-lat (thus excluding a

part of the astroparticle community):

• Between 2002 and 2005, there have been 21 retirements (15 CNRS and

6 University) and 17 new recruitments (10 CNRS, 5 University, 2 CEA)

• Between 2005 and 2009, there will be 20 retirements (18 CNRS and

2 CEA), i.e. 22% of the whole hep-ph + hep-lat community

• Size estimate of the particle/astroparticle theory community (hep-ph +

hep-lat + astro-ph): 68 CNRS + 32 University + 7 CEA = 107 CNRS 60 University 24 CEA 7 Total 91

(from a document on the future

• f particle theory in France by
• G. Bélanger and O. Pène)

Comparison with other european countries (hep-ph + hep-lat only)

(from a document on the future of particle theory in France by G. Bélanger and O. Pène)

Main differences: proportion of research/University permanent positions; number of postdocs and research associates (expected to increase in the next years due to the new funding agency ANR)

Position UK Germany Italy France

Research

19 45 60

University

78 61 85 31

Total permanent

78 80 130 91

Postdocs and Research Assoc.

55 78 50 12

Total

132 158 180 103

Postdocs and PhD students

• Up to now, the number of postdoctoral positions funded by french

institutions was very limited. This is going to change with the recently created ANR (Agence Nationale de la Recherche), whose role is to fund projects submitted by teams of researchers, including the hiring of

• postdocs. The first ANR projects are just starting

Sources of funding: ANR (new), CNRS, CEA (only for SPhT), Marie Curie fellowships, european RTN networks, (non-french) national grants Present number of postdocs in particle/astroparticle theory (not including ANR projects): 15

• There are also 1-year teaching assistent positions in Universities (ATER)

Present number of ATER in particle/astroparticle theory: 3

• The number of PhD students is traditionally smaller in France than in
• ther european countries

Present number of PhD students in particle/astroparticle theory: 40

Distribution of theorists in french institutes (permanent positions)

• The majority of (astro)particle theorists are working in theoretical

physics (CNRS or CEA) institutes where other fields of theoretical physics are represented (condensed matter, mathematical physics...): LPT Orsay (19) - SPhT Saclay (13) - LAPTH Annecy (13) CPT Marseille (8) - CPhT Polytechnique (7) - LPTHE Paris (6) IHES Bures (2) - LPT

• ENS (1) - LPT Strasbourg (1)
• A smaller number of them are working in theory divisions of

experimental HEP (IN2P3) or astrophysics institutes: APC Paris (9) - LPTA Montpellier (8) - SUBATECH Nantes (5) IAP Paris (5) - IPN Lyon (4) - IPN Orsay (4) - LPSC Grenoble (4) LPC Clermont (3) - LPNHE Paris (3)

• since 2005, IN2P3 provides financial support for selected research

projects submitted by members of these theory groups (includes many nuclear theorists not considered above)

Participation in international working groups

• participation in WGs of the ECFA study on e+e- linear colliders:
• Higgs physics: P

. Binétruy (APC) - F. Boudjema (Annecy) - A. Deandrea (Lyon) - A. Djouadi (Orsay) - J.-L. Kneur, G. Moultaka (Montpellier)

• Supersymmetry [G. Bélanger (Annecy), co-convener]:
• F. Boudjema, M. Mühlleitner (Annecy) - A. Djouadi (Orsay) - M. Klasen (Grenoble) -

J.-L. Kneur, G. Moultaka (Montpellier)

• Loop-Verein (precision calculation of higher-order processes):

P . Aurenche, G. Bélanger, F. Boudjema (Annecy) - M. Cacciari (Jussieu) - M. Fontannaz (Orsay)

• LC connections to cosmology [A. Djouadi (Orsay), co-convener]
• organization by the LAPTH (Annecy) of the series of international

workshops “Physics at TeV Colliders” in Les Houches (last session: 2005)

• participation in other working groups, e.g. at CERN or HERA

National working groups (GDRs)

• GDRs (Groupements de Recherche) play an important rôle in bringing

together theorists and experimentalists from different institute to interact and collaborate on common issues of interest:

• GDR Supersymmetry (1997-2003: P

. Binétruy; 2005-2008: J. Orloff)

• GDR “Subatomic Physics and Lattice Calculations” (2005-2008, J. Carbonell)
• GDR “High Energy Cosmic Phenomena” (2000-2007, B. Degrange)
• GDR Neutrino (2005-2008, M. Dracos and C. Cavata)
• as an example, the GDR Supersymmetry helped creating a community
• f experimentalists and theorists collaborating on the phenomenology
• f and experimental search for supersymmetry
• active collaborations in the first WGs on the MSSM, NMSSM, tools, R-parity

violation, dark matter

• extension at the european level: Euro-GDR Supersymmetry (2001-2004)
• currently four active WGs: tests of supersymmetric models at colliders;

common methods and tools; dark matter and colliders; extra dimensions

Collaborations with experimentalists

• some theorists are members of experimental collaborations, mainly in

astroparticle physics (Auger, Virgo, Planck)

• local interactions between theory and experimental institutes: common

seminars, local associations (e. g. Fédération de Recherche “Fundamental Interactions” between LPNHE, LPT

• ENS and LPTHE in Paris)
• apart from common work in WGs, many examples of individual

collaborations between theorists and experimentalists:

• CPT Marseille: participation in the CKMfitter group (package tool for a global

CKM matrix analysis) with members of BABAR and LHCb

• LPT Orsay: interactions lattice group / LAL members of BABAR
• LPTA Montpellier: collaboration on indirect dark matter detection between

theorists and experimentalists from CELESTE, AMS and HESS

• SPhT Saclay: collaboration with DAPNIA members of D0 on diffractive Higgs

boson production at the Tevatron / LHC

• LAPTH Annecy: collaboration with LAPP members of AMS and HESS on direct

and indirect detection of supersymmetric dark matter

Tools for HEP and astroparticle experiments

• many french theorists are involved in the development of new methods

for data analysis and in the writing of numerical tools for experiments:

• CPT Marseille (in collaboration with the CPPM group “Renoir”): development
• f tools for analysis of future data from SNIa, CMB, large scale structures, weak

lensing and comparison with dark energy models

• SPhT Saclay: new method based on multiparticle cumulants for analyzing

correlations between detected particles in heavy ion collisions (used by the NA49, STAR and PHENIX collaborations - new analysis of SPS data with NA49)

• SUBATECH Nantes: simulation tools for heavy ion collisions
• LAPTH Annecy / LPT Orsay: development of NLO partonic event generators

(PHOX family) for inclusive processes like h h → γ(h) γ(h) X and γ(h) jet X

• codes for supersymmetric models (Annecy, Montpellier and Orsay): HDECAY

(Higgs decays in the SM/MSSM), NMHDECAY (Higgs decays in the NMSSM), SDECAY (superpartner decays), Micromegas (relic density of the LSP), SloopS (1- loop calculations in the MSSM applicable to collider physics and astrophysics)...

• international workshop “T
• ols for Susy and the New Physics” (June 06)
• rganized by LAPTH and LAPP (previous sessions: 1998, 1999, 2000)

Research activities

• 1. QCD and hadronic physics
• QCD as a tool for SM measurements and for Higgs and new physics searches
• high density and high energy regimes of QCD
• 2. Flavour physics and CP violation, neutrino physics
• 3. Higgs physics and collider physics
• Higgs physics and alternative scenarios for EWSB
• Collider signals of new physics scenarios (supersymmetry, X-dim...)
• 4. Astroparticle physics
• dark matter
• high energy cosmic rays
• gravitational waves
• particle physics scenarios for dark energy and inflation

QCD as a tool for measurements of SM parameters and for Higgs and new physics searches

• perturbative QCD: calculation of perturbative QCD corrections to

phenomenologically relevant processes (signals and backgrounds) at high-energy colliders (T evatron, LHC, ILC); calculation of multi-leg amplitudes (needed for multi-jet processes)

LAPTH Annecy (Aurenche, Guillet, Pilon) - LPT Orsay (M. Fontannaz) - LPTHE Jussieu (Cacciari,

Dokshitzer, Salam) - SPhT Saclay (Kosower)

• 1-loop calculations for various QCD processes involving photons, jets, gauge

bosons, and for backgrounds to Higgs boson production + developments of NLO partonic event generators (Annecy, Orsay)

• all-order resummations of large logarithms in order to increase the accuracy of

QCD predictions (LPTHE)

• development of new methods for the automation of multi-leg amplitude

calculations at the 1-loop order (Annecy)

• multi-leg amplitude calculations using twistor space methods inspired from

string theory (Saclay)

• also electroweak radiative corrections to collider processes

LAPTH Annecy (Bélanger, Boudjema)

D´ esaccord (inqui´ etant ?) entre les

b-hadron production at the Tevatron - comparison with the NLO QCD prediction (left) and with NLO QCD + NLL corrections (right) [M. Cacciari et al., JHEP 0407 (2004) 033 ]

QCD as a tool (continued)

• lattice QCD: calculation of QCD fundamental parameters [αs, mq], of

hadron properties, of electroweak matrix elements used in flavour physics... – study of the quark-gluon plasma

LPT Orsay (Becirevic, Boucaud, Leroy, Le Yaouanc, Micheli, Pène) - CPhT Polytechnique (Roiesnel) CPT Marseille (Giusti [CERN], Lellouch) - LPC Clermont (Morenas) - LPSC Grenoble (Carbonell, Sint) SPhT Saclay (Lacaze)

• new GDR “Subatomic physics and lattice calculations”
• LPT Orsay member of the European Twisted Mass Collaboration (Rom I/II/III,

DESY-Zeuthen, DESY

• Hamburg, Liverpool,

Valence...). Aimed physics: light hadron spectroscopy, flavour physics, quark masses...

• weak computing facilities so far - one apeNEXT machine (3 Tflops) financed by

ANR to be installed in Rom, another one by CNRS?

• recent works related to ongoing experiments: light hadron spectroscopy and

matrix elements for KK mixing (Marseille); Bs-Bs mixing, ms, B→D**lν, Kl3 form factor... (Orsay); scale dependence of αs (Orsay-Polytechnique)

• project: viscosity in a quark-gluon plasma (Grenoble-Orsay-Saclay)

Lattice calculation of the non-perturbative parameter BBs (D. Becirevic et al., hep-lat/0509165)

QCD as a tool (continued)

• other activies in QCD/hadronic physics:
• properties of light hadrons (kaons, pions...), chiral effective theories

CPT Marseille (Knecht) - IPN Orsay (Moussallam, Sazdjian, Stern) - LPT Orsay (Descotes-Genon) LPTA Montpellier (Narison)

• properties of heavy hadrons, heavy quark effective theory and applications to B

and D physics LPT Orsay (Descotes-Genon, Le

Yaouanc, Oliver, Pène, Raynal) - CPT Marseille (Charles)

• non-perturbative QCD; large-Nc QCD, QCD sum rules

CPhT Polytechnique (Grunberg) - CPT Marseille (Knecht) - LPTA Montpellier (Narison)

• non-standard Higgs boson production via diffraction (p p → p + X + p)

SPhT Saclay (Peschanski)

• small x physics, structure functions (HERA)

LPT Orsay (Korchemsky, Wallon)

• generalized parton distributions, exclusive processes

CPhT Polytechnique (Pire)

high density and high energy regimes of QCD

• heavy ion collisions and quark-gluon plasma

LAPTH Annecy (Aurenche, Peigné) - LPT Orsay (Schiff) - LPTHE Jussieu (Cacciari) - SPhT Saclay (Blaizot, Gélis, Iancu, Ollitrault) - SUBATECH Nantes (Aichelin, Gossiaux, Gousset, Werner)

• simulation codes (Nantes); new methods for data analysis (Saclay)
• possible signals of the QGP: elliptic flow (Saclay), jet quenching (energy loss of

fast particles), electromagnetic signals (dileptons, thermal photons) (Annecy, Saclay)

• parton saturation in the high-energy (small x) regime of QCD

CPhT Polytechnique (Munier) - LPT Orsay (Schiff, Wallon) - SPhT Saclay (Gélis, Iancu, Peschanski)

• at small x, the parton density increases and “parton saturation” is expected to
• ccur: new regime of QCD characterized by weak coupling (maybe already seen at

HERA, to be tested at the LHC), described in terms of a colour glass condensate (CGC)

• parton saturation is believed to be relevant in heavy ion collisions; ab initio

calculations are possible in the CGC framework

Flavour physics and CP violation

• flavour physics and CP violation in the SM: Cf. lattice QCD and heavy

quark physics

• flavour physics and CP violation beyond the SM

LAPTH Annecy (Slavich) - SPhT Saclay (Lavignac, Savoy)

• lepton flavour violating processes (such as μ → e γ) and charged lepton

electric dipole moments in supersymmetric models (Saclay)

• predictions of supersymmetric flavour models for quark and lepton flavour

violating processes (Saclay)

• QCD corrections to radiative B decays in the MSSM (Annecy)

100 200 300 400 500 M1 GeV 200 400 600 800 1000 me

• R GeV

C32

0.1 0.3 1 3 10 BRΤΜΓ109 tgΒ10

100 200 300 400 500 M1 GeV 200 400 600 800 1000 me

• R GeV

C21

4 103 0.013 0.04 0.13 0.4 BRΜeΓ1011 tgΒ10

Constraints on supersymmetric seesaw models from τ → μ γ and μ → e γ (S. Lavignac, I. Masina and C. Savoy, Nucl. Phys. B520 (2001) 269)

Neutrino physics

• neutrino-nucleus interactions; neutrino physics with low-E beta beams

IPN Orsay (Volpe)

• neutrinos in cosmology and astrophysics: ultra-high energy neutrinos

fluxes, sterile neutrinos in cosmology (APC); neutrino mass constraints from CMB data (Annecy); neutrino propagation in stellar matter (Orsay)

APC (Semikoz) - IPN Orsay (Volpe) - LAPTH Annecy (Lesgourgues)

• origin of neutrino masses and mixings - predictions for yet unmeasured

parameters: seesaw mechanism, flavour symmetries, R-parity violation, extra dimensions CPhT Polytechnique (Dudas) - IPN Lyon (Davidson, Deandrea) - LPT Orsay (Abada) - SPhT Saclay

(Lavignac, Savoy)

• baryogenesis through leptogenesis: constraints on the neutrino mass

mechanism from leptogenesis, leptogenesis in GUTs, leptogenesis at the TeV scale, flavour effects in leptogenesis

IPN Lyon (Davidson) - LPC Clermont (Orloff) - LPT Orsay (Abada) - SPhT Saclay (Lavignac, Savoy)

Higgs physics and alternative scenarios for electroweak symmetry breaking

• properties of Higgs bosons in the SM, in the MSSM and in the NMSSM -

loop corrections to MSSM Higgs boson masses and couplings - study of the various production and decay modes at colliders - development of numerical codes LAPTH Annecy (Bélanger, Boudjema, Mühlleitner, Slavich) - LPT Orsay (Djouadi, Ellwanger)

LPTA Montpellier (Hugonie, Kneur, Moultaka)

• alternative mechanisms for electroweak symmetry breaking: Higgless

models from extra dimensions (Saclay); effective theories for electroweak symmetry breaking without a Higgs (Orsay) IPN Orsay (Stern) - SPhT Saclay (Grojean)

• FIG. 2. W Z elastic scattering cross-sections in the SM

(dotted), the Higgsless model (blue), and two ”unitarization” models: Pad´ e (red) and K-matrix (green).

• FIG. 4. The number of events per 100 GeV bin in the

2j + 3 + ν channel at the LHC with an integrated luminosity

• f 300 fb−1 and cuts as indicated in the figure. The model

assumptions and parameter choices are the same as in Fig. 2.

Signatures of Higgsless models at the LHC: resonance in WZ elastic scattering (left), production of a spin 1 resonance via vector boson fusion (right) (A. Birkedal, K. Matchev and M. Perelstein, PRL 94 (2005) 191803)

New physics at colliders

• supersymmetry phenomenology at colliders - development of numerical

codes IPN Lyon (Deandrea) - LAPTH Annecy (Bélanger, Boudjema, Mühlleitner) - LPSC Grenoble

(Klasen) - LPT Orsay (Djouadi, Mambrini) - LPTA Montpellier (Kneur, Layssac) - SPhT Saclay (Chemtob)

• signatures of extra-dimensional models at colliders

LPTHE Jussieu (Benakli)

Astroparticle physics

• dark matter

IAP (Lemoine) - LAPTH Annecy (Bélanger, Boehm, Boudjema, Chardonnet, Salati,

Taillet) - LPC Clermont (Orloff) - LPT Orsay (Djouadi, Mambrini) - LPT-ENS (Fayet) - LPTA Montpellier (Kneur, Jedamzik, Moultaka) - SPhT Saclay (Servant)

• study of various candidate DM particles, within supersymmetric theories

(neutralino, gravitino), or extra-dimensional models (KK dark matter, Saclay); study

• f exotic light DM candidates (Annecy, ENS)
• computation of relic abundance and constraints on models from WMAP data;

implications for collider searches (many Susy experts work both on dark matter and collider phenomenology)

• indirect detection of neutralinos and KK DM and complementarity with

collider searches (Montpellier); computation of the cosmic ray fluxes from neutralinos and KK DM annihilations (in particular anti-p) and comparison with the standard fluxes (Annecy)

• the Micromegas code, which compute the relic abundance of neutralinos, has

been written by the Annecy group

10

• 12

10

• 11

10

• 10

10

• 9

10

• 8

10

• 7

10

• 6

100 200 300 400 500 600 700

0 < h2 < 0.025 0.025 < h2 < 0.094 0.094 < h2 < 0.129 (WMAP compatible) Benchmark model points Kaluza-Klein AMSB - DSS AMSB - Analytic

Neutralino or B(1) Mass (GeV/c2) Integrated Flux (cm-2 s-1 )

Gamma ray flux from neutralino and KK dark matter annihilations in the galactic centre (AMS collaboration + 2 theorists from Montpellier)

Astroparticle physics (continued)

• particle physics models for dark energy and inflation

APC (Binétruy, Deffayet, Langlois, Serreau, Steer) - CPT Marseille (Marinoni,

Taxil, Triay, Virey) - IAP (Martin, Riazuelo, Uzan) - SPhT Saclay (Brax)

• IAP

, APC: study of cosmological perturbations; non-gaussianities from inflation models; reheating

• supergravity models of inflation and quintessence (IAP

, Saclay)

• modification of gravity, e.g. from brane models, as an alternative to dark energy

(APC, Montpellier) - DUNE should be able to tell the difference

• Marseille: develop tools in order to discriminate between models from

combination of different data (SNIa, CMB, LSS, weak lensing)

• high-energy cosmic rays

APC (Semikoz, Sigl) - IAP (Lemoine) - LPTA Montpellier (Jedamzik) - SUBATECH (Werner)

• gravitational waves

APC (Buonanno, Binétruy, Sigl) - IAP (Blanchet, Esposito-Farèse) - IHES (Damour, Deruelle)

Conclusions and personal comments

• some fields have developped in the recent years (recruitments and

thematical mobility): lattice QCD, heavy ions and quark-gluon plasma, astroparticle physics, neutrinos, new physics at colliders – maybe beyond the SM phenomenology not directly related to collider physics should be more developed (especially if unexpected data is found at the LHC)

• the small number of postdoctoral positions is a problem; it will be (at

least partially) solved by the ANR funding.