The use of GIS in modelling exposure (practical) Kees de Hoogh - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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The use of GIS in modelling exposure (practical) Kees de Hoogh - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Oct 28, 2023 191 likes •640 views

The use of GIS in modelling exposure (practical) Kees de Hoogh Swiss TPH Environmental Exposures and Health Unit Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Andrea Ranzi Arpae Reference Centre for Environment and Health Regional

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The use of GIS in modelling exposure (practical)

Kees de Hoogh – Swiss TPH

Environmental Exposures and Health Unit Department of Epidemiology and Public Health

Andrea Ranzi – Arpae

Reference Centre for Environment and Health Regional Agency for Prevention, Environment and Energy of Emilia-Romagna

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Learning outcomes

We will present practical examples on use of GIS for exposure assessment in epi studies and HIA

25/04/18 School on IEHIA on air pollution and climate change in Mediterranean urban settings 2

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25/04/18 School on IEHIA on air pollution and climate change in Mediterranean urban settings 3

Candela et al. Epidemiology 2013

Air Pollution from Incinerators and Reproductive Outcomes Example 1: Use of dispersion model to assess population exposure

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Moniter Project

Monitoring incinerators in the territory of Emilia-Romagna

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Modena

Study Population

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Final Database

Database of gecoded addresses Database of population data Database of residential history (i.e. a record for each subject residence) (x,y) Subjec t ID

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Exposure assessment

All sources (NOx) Incinerator (PM10)

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Environmental study

Industry

Traffic Emission map Dispersion model Civil sources

distribution of concentration at ground level

METEO DATA

Incinerator

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ADMS urban software

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ADMS OUTPUT

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ADMS OUTPUT

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Residential cohort and ADMS output

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KRIGING

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Residential cohort

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CENSUS DATA

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Application of Overlay analysis

Line-in-polygon Polygon-on-polygon Point-in-polygon

Overlay layer Input layer

Output layer inherits overlay layer’s attributes

25/04/18 School on IEHIA on air pollution and climate change in Mediterranean urban settings 16

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Example 2: Use of large routine data

Example on Waste-related exposure: how calculate EBD related to exposure to landfills in Europe Today Number of exposed people using European databases

  • GIS approach to exposure assessment

Tomorrow (IEHIA lecture) Use RR from literature and Calculation of AC (Attributable Cases) Combination of different health outcomes in one analysis using DALYs

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Location of plants Population database European health statistics Data collection

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http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/member-states-reporting-art-7- under-the-european-pollutant-release-and-transfer-register-e-prtr-regulation-10

Location of plants – E-PRTR register

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E-PRTR

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E-PRTR data covering reporting for 2007 to 2014 by EU Member States, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, Serbia and Switzerland.

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Article 7 of the Regulation sets the requirements for the annual reporting by Member States which covers the releases to air and water for 91 substances, as well as the transfers of pollutants in water and the transfer

  • f waste from industrial facilities across 65 sectors. The register includes

information of more than 30.000 facilities in 32 countries.

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E-PRTR (Sector 5.d – 2014 data)

Sector: 5.(d): Landfills (excluding landfills of inert waste and landfills, which were definitely closed

before 16.7.2001 or for which the after-care phase required by the competent authorities according to Article 13 of Council Directive 1999/31/EC of 26 April 1999 on the landfill of waste (3) has expired). Capacity threshold: Receiving 10 tonnes per day or with a total capacity of 25 000 tonnes Geocode: *.mkz file from EEA website (plants updated to 2014)

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Data are available at 100 meters resolution. Population by municipality correspond to Census 2001 (Eurostat). Owners and Processors: Joint Research Centre (JRC)

Population

Reference:

Gallego F.J., 2010, A population density grid of the European Union, Population and Environment. 31: 460-473 http://www.springerlink.com/content/h22617v812p51014/? p=a5de0fad279b474187e630362f4f2fc8&pi=3

http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/population-density- disaggregated-with-corine-land-cover-2000-2

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Population

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E-PRTR data – Kmz file

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KMZ to layer

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*.MKZ

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Buffering

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Population data

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How to calculate exposed people

ArcGIS function: “Clip” raster to select squares, then calculation of sum of values GME free package (http://www.spatialecology.com/gme/, ArcGIS and R are required in your PC)

  • 1. Function: isectpolyrst(in=polygon shapefile with buffers, raster=rasterfile

with population, prefix="Pop", metrics=c("CNT","SUM","MEAN","STD"), allowpartialoverlap=TRUE); At the end, each population number has to be divided by 100 (as it represents 1x1 km density on 100x100 m, see Gallego et al.)

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GME free package

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Italy

DATA The geographic coordinate of waste management site The population distribution in the census block by gender and by age

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Modena Incinerator: Selection criteria

Step 1 Use the proximity analysis tool to create buffer to a specific distance around the site of study. in the present example case: 1km 2km 3km

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ARCMAP – BUFFER window

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3 KM buffer Some census block are completely within the buffer Some others intersect the buffer Step 2 Chose the selection criteria

Modena Incinerator: Selection criteria

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Question .. How can we estimate people living in the “red” census block?

Modena Incinerator: Selection criteria

completely within the buffer intersect the buffer

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Estimating population exposure

we assume an homogeneous distribution of population in a census block Step 3 Intersect buffer and census block to extract the real area at 3km from incinerator Step 4 Calculate the area within the buffer Step 5 Calculate the population proportionally of square meters ( )

i area k CensusBloc TOTarea Pop _ _ ∗ ⎟ ⎟ ⎠ ⎞ ⎜ ⎜ ⎝ ⎛

∑

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ARCMAP – INTERSECT window

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tomorrow with health data and HIA calculations…

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LUR models - predictor variables

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Example 3: PM2.5 at urban level

Example on exp ass on pm2.5 or pm10 for burden of disease

  • VIIAS italian project (info at regional level)
  • Regional air quality plan (info at municipality level)
  • Calculate mean of values of PM and total population that fall into a region

(i.e. census block) Bologna, with census block and pm2.5 dispersion model Italy (2005)

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Methods: estimating population exposure

Census block

Grid 4x4km

Intersect grid and census block to extract the area in each cell 4x4km Calculate the area within each cell Calculate the population proportionally of square meters

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× Block areaCensus areaInt Pop

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