THE SOLAR DECATHLON THE FIRST LIGHT HOUSE CONSTRUCTION FRANK - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

THE SOLAR DECATHLON THE FIRST LIGHT HOUSE CONSTRUCTION FRANK KITTS PARK BUILDING PERFORMANCE DISCUSSION

10 CONTESTS

• 1. ARCHITECTURE
• 2. MARKET APPEAL
• 3. ENGINEERING
• 4. COMMUNICATIONS
• 5. AFFORDABILITY
• 6. COMFORT ZONE
• 7. HOT WATER
• 8. APPLIANCES
• 9. HOME ENTERTAINMENT

10.ENERGY BALANCE

20 TEAMS

US CANADA CHINA BELGIUM NZ

The U.S. Department of Energy Solar Decathlon challenges 20 collegiate teams to design, build, and operate solar-powered houses that are cost-effective, energy-efficient, and attractive.

Contest 1: Architecture

Designing an aesthetically pleasing house that successfully coordinates:

• Architectural elements [doors, windows, materials]
• Lighting design [daylight and electric light]
• Integration of solar technologies
• Architectural drawings

Team California 2009

Contest 4: Communications

Explaining the house and educating the public about solar technologies through:

• The team website
• A video walkthrough
• Photos and digital images
• Public tours in New Zealand and Washington DC

Team California 2009

Contest 3 & 6: Engineering & Comfort Zone

Making sure the house feels comfortable by:

• Making sure the indoor temperature stays between

21.7o C and 24.4o C

• Keeping the relative humidity below 60%
• Designing the house on passive solar principles
• Using mechanical heating and ventilation efficiently

Team Germany 2009

Contest 8: Appliances

Showing what life in the house is like by:

• Running all appliances on a daily basis
• Fridge
• Freezer
• Dishwasher
• Clothes washer
• Clothes dryer
• Choosing energy efficient appliances

Fisher & Paykel

Contest 9: Home Entertainment

Showing what life in the house is like by:

• Running all the house electronics [TV, computer, lights]
• Inviting the neighbours round for dinner
• Hosting a movie night for friends

Movie night Dinner party

Contest 5: Affordability

Maximum points awarded for a total construction cost of < US$250,000

• Scale tapers down to $600,000 where no points are

awarded

Contest 10: Energy Balance

Net zero energy consumption

• Making sure that all the energy used in the house

has been produced by the house

Team Germany 2009

The Solar Decathlon Competitive High Performance Transportation and Prefabrication Energy Conservation Energy Generation The Kiwi Bach

First Light demonstrates that energy efficiency and contemporary living can be brought together to create a place that is both sympathetic to the environment and tuned to our way of life. FIRST LIGHT

First Light Entry – Conceptual Design Model

2011 Competition Entries – Concept Designs

CONSTRUCTION CONSTRAINED BY TRANSPORTATION REQUIREMENTS 7 DAY ASSEMBLY TIMEFRAME MODULARISATION PREFABRICATION

MODULARISATION EASE OF TRANSPORT FLATPACK CENTRAL MODULE #3 PREFABRICATION STANDARDISED CONNECTIONS

TYPICAL MODULE STANDARDISED

• 1. ROOF
• 2. WALL
• 2. WALL & WINDOW
• 3. FLOOR

EXPLODED MODULE PREFABRICATE

Reduce structure Minimise depth Standardise Elements Increase insulation Maximise ceiling height Increased production efficiency

• Reducing cost, time, resources & waste

= = = ROOF

Ferndale Joinery roof construction showing tapered gutter detail

Roof structure almost 100% plywood, including rafters – very lightweight, very durable, each module individually waterproofed, made by Ferndale Joinery on CNC router

Ferndale Joinery – roof construction

Lightweight roof system – box-beam trusses and 21mm ply CNC-routed profiled ribs span housing module – minimum of materials – construction by Ferndale Joinery

Mainzeal Construction and Build Central offload roof panels

WALLS

Walls being constructed as panels at Carters prenail plant

FLEXUS CONCRETE AND LVL COMPOSITE FLOORS

Installing Ecoinsulation wool to underside of floor panel

50mm THERMAL MASS LVL JOISTS RESISTANCE TO CRACKING 5.4m SPAN

Assemble foundations – check height of space

Basic house modules assembled – pre-cladding Construction process Wellington 2011

M3 - CENTRAL MODULE OVERWIDTH – 3m FLATPACKED TO FIT IN STANDARD CONTAINER LARGE BIFOLD DOORS AND SKYLIGHT FOCAL POINT OF THE DESIGN

FRANK KITTS PARK: PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT TEST ASSEMBLY SHOWCASE OF SPONSORS PUBLIC TOURS COMMISSIONING AND PERFORMANCE OPTIMISATION

SPONSOR RECOGNITION OPENING NIGHT SPONSORS EXHIBIT SPONSORS TOURS AND OTHER EVENTS PROMOTING TIES WITH INDUSTRY

MERIDIAN ENERGY: PRINCIPAL SPONSORS DAY “SOLAR POWERED COFFEE” HOSTED BY JEREMY WELLS WIDESPREAD PUBLICITY DINNER EVENING

PUBLIC TOURS 300,000+ HOUSE VISITS AT 2009 SOLAR DECATHLON EDUCATING THE WIDER PUBLIC PRESENTATION AND TOUR GUIDING PRACTICE PEOPLE FLOW MANAGEMENT AND CROWD CONTROL

Net zero energy housing

Reducing our energy use to optimize our energy generation

Many homes in New Zealand waste energy. They are badly designed and constructed, have inadequate insulation, and use a lot of energy to heat and run.

• Designing with climate in mind to reduce our energy consumption
• Utilizing passive solar techniques to reduce energy use for heating/cooling
• Using basic technology to help reduce energy use
• Reducing energy use in day to day lives
• Generating the power using PV’s

HEEP

Household Energy End-use study

The study found that the average total energy use per household was 11,410 kWh/yr

Lighting 8% Other appliances 13% Refrigeration 10% Cooking 6% Space heating 34% Hot water 29%

Total energy use in average NZ home

NZ homes are cold!

August-September mean temperatures Northern North Island Southern North Island Christchurch Southern South Island Living room 16.5 16.1 16.1 14.7 External temperature 11.9 9.3 10.3 7.3 M orning Day Evening Night 7-9am 9am-5pm 5-11pm 11pm-7am Living room 13.5 15.8 17.8 14.8 Bedroom 12.6 14.2 15 13.6 Ambient 7.8 12 9.4 7.6

Low indoor air temperatures are associated with poor health, a variety

• f social and economic problems for residents as well as contributing to

mould and dampness in homes.

Mean indoor & ambient winter temperatures across a day Mean indoor & ambient winter temperatures By region

Thermal Comfort

Thermal qualities – Warm, Cool, Humid, Breezy, Radiant, Cozy

Being aware of our climate helps us to design buildings that are responsive to our changing environment and can maintain a high level of thermal comfort using as little energy as possible

• Temperature
• Humidity
• Wind
• Rainfall
• Solar Radiation

cold temperate warm/humid

Climate & Shelter

Climate and its effect on the thermal environment

The key to designing a passive solar building is to best take advantage of the local climate

The National Mall, Washington DC Frank Kitts Park, Wellington

Wellington Climate vs Washington DC Climate

Three Sites – One house

Which Climate do we design for?

Temperature

Washington DC, USA

Temperature

Wellington, New Zealand

Temperature

Wellington vs DC comparison

Passive Solar Design

The concept of passive solar architecture

In passive solar building design, windows, walls, and floors are made to collect, store, and distribute solar energy in the form of heat in the winter and reject solar heat in the summer. This is called passive solar design or climatic design because, unlike active solar heating systems, it doesn't involve the use of mechanical and electrical devices.

• Insulation and Heat Loss
• Thermal Mass
• Ventilation
• Glazing & Skylight
• Shading

Thermal analysis

Optimizing the efficiency of the building envelope

Thermal resistance of building envelope

Building Element Construction R-value (m2.°C/ W) Roof 6.48 Wall 5.77 Concrete Floor 5.46 Timber Floor 5.88 Glazing 1.11 Door

• Skylight

1.11

Winter day Winter Night

Thermal mass

Optimizing the efficiency of the building envelope

Thermal mass

Optimizing the efficiency of the building envelope

Glazing

Type of glass & Frame

Testing at Frank Kitts park

Energy use

Using technology to help reduce our energy consumption

Heating & Cooling

Hot Water

Hot Water

COMMISSIONING AND PERFORMANCE OPTIMISATION THERMAL COMFORT HVAC COMMISSIONING PASSIVE HEATING AND COOLING AIR TIGHTNESS THERMAL IMAGING BUILDING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ENERGY GENERATION VS. ENERGY CONSUMPTION

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 7:00:00 PM 7:20:00 PM 7:40:00 PM 8:00:00 PM 8:20:00 PM 8:40:00 PM 9:00:00 PM 9:20:00 PM 9:40:00 PM 10:00:00 PM 10:20:00 PM 10:40:00 PM 11:00:00 PM 11:20:00 PM 11:40:00 PM 12:00:00 AM 12:20:00 AM 12:40:00 AM 1:00:00 AM 1:20:00 AM 1:40:00 AM 2:00:00 AM 2:20:00 AM 2:40:00 AM 3:00:00 AM 3:20:00 AM 3:40:00 AM 4:00:00 AM 4:20:00 AM 4:40:00 AM 5:00:00 AM 5:20:00 AM 5:40:00 AM 6:00:00 AM 6:20:00 AM 6:40:00 AM 7:00:00 AM Temperature (C)

Night Temperature17.05.11

Kitchen T Bath T Sofa T Study T Laundry T Outside T

21.7 – 24.4oC

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 7:00:00 PM 7:20:00 PM 7:40:00 PM 8:00:00 PM 8:20:00 PM 8:40:00 PM 9:00:00 PM 9:20:00 PM 9:40:00 PM 10:00:00 PM 10:20:00 PM 10:40:00 PM 11:00:00 PM 11:20:00 PM 11:40:00 PM 12:00:00 AM 12:20:00 AM 12:40:00 AM 1:00:00 AM 1:20:00 AM 1:40:00 AM 2:00:00 AM 2:20:00 AM 2:40:00 AM 3:00:00 AM 3:20:00 AM 3:40:00 AM 4:00:00 AM 4:20:00 AM 4:40:00 AM 5:00:00 AM 5:20:00 AM 5:40:00 AM 6:00:00 AM 6:20:00 AM 6:40:00 AM 7:00:00 AM Temperature (C)

Night M easurements HVAC on 30.05.11

Study T TV T Shed T Sofa T Bath T Kitchen T Bed T Living T BMS T Low Set Point High Set Point

5 10 15 20 25 30 7:00:00 AM 7:20:00 AM 7:40:00 AM 8:00:00 AM 8:20:00 AM 8:40:00 AM 9:00:00 AM 9:20:00 AM 9:40:00 AM 10:00:00 AM 10:20:00 AM 10:40:00 AM 11:00:00 AM 11:20:00 AM 11:40:00 AM 12:00:00 PM 12:20:00 PM 12:40:00 PM 1:00:00 PM 1:20:00 PM 1:40:00 PM 2:00:00 PM 2:20:00 PM 2:40:00 PM 3:00:00 PM 3:20:00 PM 3:40:00 PM 4:00:00 PM 4:20:00 PM 4:40:00 PM 5:00:00 PM 5:20:00 PM 5:40:00 PM 6:00:00 PM 6:20:00 PM 6:40:00 PM 7:00:00 PM Temperature (C)

Day M easurements 30.05.11

Study T Centre T Sofa T Outside T Kitchen T Bed T Living T

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

kWh Exported from East & West Solar array

kWh Exported West Array kWh Exported East Array kWH/ m2 Total global radiation (Direct + Diffuse) per day

Operational electricity

Annual consumption – 3500 kWh

• Annual generation – 4600 kWh (based on Frank Kitts Park trial period)
• Net generation – 1100 kWh per annum
• Assumed lifetime of 80 years – 88,000 kWh

82 23.11.2011

Lighting 6% Hot water 8% HVAC 37% Appliances 28% Communications 12% Home entertainment 9%