the role of OMAFRA Dr. Csaba Varga Lead Vet Poultry Disease - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Small poultry flocks and the role of OMAFRA

• Dr. Csaba Varga

Lead Vet – Poultry Disease Prevention Guelph, May 7th, 2016

Outline

• Disease reporting regulations – Federal and

Provincial

• OMAFRA’s response to reports
• Small Flock Program – Chicken Farmers of

Ontario & response to an Infectious Poultry Disease

• Veterinarian’s to do list if an infectious disease is

suspected

• Case study - infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT)
• Antimicrobial Use - Federal proposal to combat

AMR

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• Defined in the Health of Animals Act and Reportable

Diseases Regulations

• Significant importance to human or animal health or

to the Canadian economy.

• Animal owners, veterinarians and laboratories are

required to immediately report the presence of an animal that is contaminated or suspected of being contaminated with one of these diseases to a CFIA district veterinarian.

• Control or eradication measures will be applied

immediately.

Reportable Diseases

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Fowl Typhoid - Salmonella gallinarum Pullorum Disease - Salmonella pullorum

• since 1982 Canada is free of pullorum disease and

fowl typhoid Newcastle Disease – avian paramyxovirus – velogenic form is most pathogenic

• Canada is free of the disease

Notifiable Avian Influenza - Type “A” influenza virus – All highly pathogenic avian influenza and low pathogenicity H5 and H7 avian influenza viruses are considered to be notifiable

Reportable Poultry Diseases

Immediately Notifiable Diseases

• Only laboratories required to report
• Generally exotic to Canada
• No control or eradication programs are in place
• More of trade issue in case of poultry (e.g. China,

Russia)

• In case of ILT main interest that poultry meat does

not enter the export market

Immediately Notifiable Poultry Diseases

• Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT)
• Avian chlamydiosis (C. psittaci)
• Avian encephalomyelitis
• Duck hepatitis
• Egg drop syndrome
• Fowl cholera
• Turkey viral rhinotracheitis

Animal Health Act and Regulations

Animal Health Act, 2009 (AHA) proclaimed in Jan. 2010

• to address hazards to animal health and related

public health

• Provincial authority to:

e.g. - create regulations

• order quarantine, treatment, destruction,

disposal, cleaning and disinfection, movement control etc. Two Regulations came into force on Jan. 1, 2013

• The Reporting of Hazards and Findings
• Compensation for actions under the AHA

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The Reporting of Hazards and Findings

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• Provincially “Immediately Notifiable Hazards”
• Ontario laboratories report test positives
• Veterinarians report positives from non-

Ontario labs

• Provincially “Periodically Notifiable Hazards”
• Ontario laboratories report annually, positives

and negatives

• No Ontario reporting requirement for animal
• wners, the general public or other types of

businesses.

The Reporting of Hazards and Findings

• Veterinarians are required to report any serious

risk to animal health

• Unusual high mortality in a particular animal

type or area

• Possibility of a new and emerging hazard
• Likelihood of affecting multiple premises
• Potentially serious human health implications

Immediately Notifiable Hazards- Poultry

• All federally reportable and immediately

notifiable diseases and

• botulism
• Salmonellosis (sub-typed)
• Influenza A

How to report

• Veterinarians
• If a test positive from a laboratory outside of

Ontario

• Within 18 hours of becoming aware of a

positive lab result

• Email information to:

OCVO-Reportable-Notifiable@ontario.ca

• Situation of serious risk

Call the Agricultural Information Centre at 1-877-424-1300 (An OMAFRA veterinarian will follow up )

• 1. Monitor / Seek More Information
• monitor laboratory passive surveillance ( e.g. disease trends,

serotypes, genotypes)

• contact the submitting veterinarian to ask for detailed

information (e.g. ILT vaccine strain lab isolated from hobby flock)

• 2. Notices or Alerts to Industry / Veterinarians / Owners
• Phone / email industry organizations

(e.g. Feather Board Command Centre, Ontario Association of Poultry Practitioners)

• Government or Industry distribute notices about current

disease incidents to encourage increased biosecurity or vaccination (e.g. influenza advisory for poultry farmers, ILT advisory)

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Responses to reports - Four Levels

• 3. OMAF Lead Regulatory Response Under

Authority of the Ontario AHA

• Formal inspection, +/- quarantine +/- destruction, C&D
• rders
• 4. CFIA Lead Regulatory Response Under Authority
• f Federal HAA
• Strong suspect or CFIA confirmed Foreign Animal

Disease

• CFIA quarantines, control zones, destruction orders,

OMAF help if needed under the FADERP (e.g. HPAI)

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Four Levels of Response to Reports

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Intent is to work synergistically with the federal system

• The provincial AHA does not replace the federal

Health of Animals Act.

• The CFIA still has the lead on federally reportable

diseases, inter-provincial, and international trade.

• OMAF still provides a supporting role to the CFIA

under the Foreign Animal Disease Emergency Response Plan (FADERP).

• AHA provides the province with authority to monitor

and respond as appropriate in support of CFIA or to lead in situations sufficiently important to Ontario but that the CFIA chooses not to respond or lead.

Synergistic Intent of the AHA

Small Flock Program – Chicken Farmers

• f Ontario
• “Broker dealer” means a facility that markets

chicks other than a hatchery;

• “Hatchery” means a facility which hatches or

markets chicks;

• “Small Flock Grower ” - a person registered with

the Board and permitted by the Board to produce and market no more than 300 chickens on an annual basis

Small Flock Program – Chicken Farmers of Ontario

• Every year a person in Ontario can purchase no

more than 300 chickens without owning a quota

• Register by completing Form 300

Small Flock Program – Chicken Farmers of Ontario

Small Flock Program – Chicken Farmers

• f Ontario
• Infectious Poultry Disease
• consult immediately with a veterinarian
• notify Chicken Farmers of Ontario
• implement biosecurity protocols
• consent to the release and sharing disease

related information among CFO, OMAFRA, CFIA and the attending veterinarian

What needs to be done if you suspect an infectious disease?

Contact CFIA and OMAFRA and if registered small flock grower contact Chicken Farmers of Ontario

• Brief data collection and epidemiological

assessment:

• Clinical signs / Duration of illness
• Mortality / Morbidity
• Type and age of the birds
• Vaccination history
• Husbandry and management practices
• Size of the flock, number of barns
• Recent additions to the flock

What needs to be done if you suspect an infectious disease?

• Submit samples to the AHL
• Advise the small flock owner on proper

biosecurity procedures

• control movement of personnel, equipment

and vehicles to and from the premises

• self-impose barn or premises

isolation/containment

• keep a record of visitors and all movement on

and off the premises

• isolate the chicken from other poultry,

livestock, wild birds and waterfowl

• C&D of barns

Case study ILT - Chain of Events

Step 1 Clinical observation / Suspect ILT Step 2 Send samples to AHL Step 3 Laboratory Diagnosis Step 4 ILT diagnosed and reported to OMAFRA Step 5 OMAFRA Risk Assessment to evaluate biosecurity risk Step 6 Notify Feather Board Command Centre and Ontario Association of Poultry Practitioners

• Primary objective is to restrict infection to one or very few

flocks

• Control strategies depend on the pathogenicity of the strain /

number of farms infected / type of production

• Alert industry and veterinarians to be aware of recent ILT

positive cases

• Encourage self-reporting of farmers to FBCC by owners of

positive flocks, and remind such commercial farmers and registered small flock growers (meat birds) of their Board’s requirement to report such cases to their Board or the FBCC

• Industry or OMAF conduct trace-out or trace-back premises

relative to known positives if spread of the ILT virus is a concern

• Industry or OMAFRA use GIS to identify flocks within a 10 km

radius of known ILT positive flocks, for enhanced surveillance.

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Case study ILT - Disease Control Principles Prevention-of-Further-Spread

• prevent movement of birds and contaminated materials from

infected flocks

• permit clinically recovered flocks to proceed to processing

for human consumption

• heat treat (>37 ºC; > 100 hrs), and clean and disinfect ILT

contaminated barns

• vaccination on a case by case basis
• High risk situation prevention of movement (e.g. formal

detention or quarantine under AHA) and industry consider vaccination of flocks within 3 km of known positives.

• heightened biosecurity must be exercised during salvage of

recovered and/or vaccinated flocks and during premises cleanup

• End response: Five weeks (35 days) without a new case being

discovered

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Case study ILT - Disease Control Principles Prevention-of-Further-Spread

Map and identify existing poultry farms around the index farm

ILT Advisory was sent out to all sectors of the poultry industry in the affected area to heighten biosecurity protocols

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ILT cases in Ontario, Jan 2008 – May 2013

Antimicrobial Use and Antimicrobial Resistance

• The World Health Organization, World Organization for

Animal Health and the Ontario Medical Association have called for urgent change in how antimicrobials are used in animals.

• Some retailers and restaurant chains (e.g., McDonald’s,

Subway, A&W, Walmart) are promoting products from animals raised without the routine use of antibiotics.

• The federal government is moving forward to combat AMR by

regulating AMU by:

• Removing growth promotion claims from all medically

important antimicrobials;

• Eliminating over-the-counter (OTC) sales and require

veterinary prescription for the sale of medically important antimicrobials for use in feed and water;

• Requiring reporting of sales volume from manufacturers to

support AMU surveillance (presently data shared voluntarily);

• Further restricting importation of veterinary drugs, including

all medically important antimicrobials, as active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) and for own-use-importation (OUI) purposes;

• Facilitate access to low risk veterinary natural health products

for animals as additional tools for maintenance of health and welfare of animals.

• HC is targeting April/May 2016 to Gazette its regulatory proposal

and finalize by Spring 2017. Implementation date is TBD, anticipated in Fall 2017.

Summary of Federal Proposal

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Current Approach (Category I, II, III & IV): Proposed Approach (for Category II and III for Animal Feed and Drinking Water):

• By prescription from your veterinarian,

feed mill or a pharmacy

• Category I
• Over-the-Counter (LMOs and feed

companies)

• Category II, III and IV
• Across the Border
• Access and importation of

medicines through OUI, API and Internet

• By prescription from your veterinarian or a

pharmacy

• Category I, II, III
• Over-the-Counter (LMOs and feed companies)
• Category IV
• Across the Border
• Intent expressed for increased oversight
• n importation of medicines through

OUI and API (no additional details available)

• The federal government's regulatory direction focuses on the medically

important antimicrobials (those belonging to Categories I, II and III of Health Canada’s categorization scheme) that are administered through animal feed or drinking water.

• No Category I antimicrobials will be authorized by VDD for use in feed

and water.

• Category IV drug products (e.g., ionophores) would still be permitted to

be sold OTC.