The Range of Conflicts of Interest and how they should be managed - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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The Range of Conflicts of Interest and how they should be managed - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Aug 29, 2023 40 likes •547 views

The Range of Conflicts of Interest and how they should be managed Dr Neville Gibbs Department of Anaesthesia Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital Chief Editor, Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Conflicts of Interest None Conflicts of Interest None

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The Range of Conflicts of Interest

and how they should be managed

Dr Neville Gibbs

Department of Anaesthesia Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital Chief Editor, Anaesthesia and Intensive Care

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Conflicts of Interest

None

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Conflicts of Interest

None

  • I acknowledge travel support from

COPE

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Conflicts of Interest

None

  • I acknowledge travel support from

COPE

  • 5 years ago I received honoraria for

lectures on blood management

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Conflicts of Interest

None

  • I acknowledge travel support from

COPE

  • 5 years ago I received honoraria for

lectures on blood management

  • 5 days ago a drug company provided

croissants for a department breakfast meeting

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Conflicts of Interest

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ICMJE Definition

A COI exists when an author, reviewer, or editor has financial or personal relationships that inappropriately influence his or her actions (dual commitments, competing interests, competing loyalties).

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ICMJE Definition

A COI exists when an author, reviewer, or editor has financial or personal relationships that may inappropriately influence his or her actions (dual commitments, competing interests, competing loyalties).

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COI and Publishing

Authors: Peer reviewers: Chief Editor Editors Reviewers

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Type of Publication

Original articles Review articles Consensus statements Guidelines Editorials Letters Case reports

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Guidelines

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Range of COI: Authors

Financial Interest Personal relationships or beliefs Academic competition: pressure to publish

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Range of COI: Peer Reviewers

Financial Interest Personal relationships or beliefs Journal competition: pressure to publish

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Financial Interest

Commercial interest

Ownership, patents, shares etc Employment

Commercial support

Restricted: funder controls research and reporting; ghost authorship Unrestricted: no funder control

Consultancy fees

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Financial Interest

Commercial interest

How much?

Commercial support

How much?

Consultancy fees

How much? How long ago?

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Encouraged Loyalty

Travel support Hospitality Educational material Previous research support

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Encouraged Loyalty

Travel support Hospitality Educational material Previous research support ….but commercial interests may target those best able to advise or comment on the use of a drug or product

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Personal

Relationships Friendships/Antipathies Competition/Support Reputations/Intimidations Beliefs Religious Ideologies

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Pressure to Publish: Authors

Employment conditions

Promotion; increase in salary; bonus Requirement of employment (eg. universities)

Competition for grants Academic reputation

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Pressure to Publish: Journals

Journal Competition

Encourage submissions Rapid response Avoid undue deterrence

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How COI should be managed?

Extensive guidelines available:

  • COPE: Conduct and best practice;

flowcharts

  • ICMJE guidelines; disclosure form;

glossary of terms

  • WAME: Policy statements
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How COI should be managed

Declaration? Withdrawal? Recusal? Third Party Evaluation?

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Declaring a COI

This is not an admission of wrongdoing

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Declaring a COI

This is not an admission of wrongdoing Some COI may be unavoidable

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Declaring a COI

This is not an admission of wrongdoing Some COI may be unavoidable Not declaring a COI is a form of wrong-doing

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What to Declare: Authors

  • Difficult to be proscriptive
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What to Declare: Authors

  • Difficult to be proscriptive
  • “Anything, be it personal, financial,

academic, religious or political, which when revealed later, would make a reasonable reader feel misled or deceived”.

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What to Declare: Authors

  • Difficult to be proscriptive
  • “Anything, be it personal, financial,

academic, religious or political, which when revealed later, would make a reasonable reader feel misled or deceived”.

  • Open to interpretation
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What to Declare: Authors

  • Difficult to be proscriptive
  • “Anything, be it personal, financial,

academic, religious or political, which when revealed later, would make a reasonable reader feel misled or deceived”.

  • Open to interpretation
  • At a minimum, all financial interests

and all forms of project support

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Private Eye Test

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Declaring a COI

Declaring a COI does not remove the COI

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Declaring a COI

Declaring a COI does not remove the COI A declared COI may reduce the value

  • f a publication
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Declaring a COI

Declaring a COI does not remove the COI A declared COI may reduce the value

  • f a publication

A non-declared COI would further reduce the value of a publication

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What to Declare: Peer Reviewers

  • “Anything, be it personal financial,

academic, religious or political, which when revealed later, would make a reasonable reader feel misled or deceived”.

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What to Declare: Peer Reviewers

  • “Anything, be it personal financial,

academic, religious or political, which when revealed later, would make a reasonable reader feel misled or deceived”.

  • “If you feel that some personal,

professional or business reason might seriously affect your ability to review, please contact the Journal

  • ffice”. (AIC letter to reviewers)
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Withdrawal and Recusal

  • Editors should not assign

submissions to reviewers with a known COI (eg. same institution)

  • Reviewers should decline to review

submissions in which they have a COI …. some personal, professional

  • r business reason might seriously

affect your ability to review…or inform the editor

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Private Eye Test

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Education of Readers

  • The most important peer review

takes place after publication

  • Just because an article is published

does not make all aspects valid

  • COI are one of many reasons why a

finding may not be valid

  • Readers should be encouraged to

make an informed judgment

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How should COI be managed if discovered after publication?

Correction Expression of concern Request and publish explanation/apology Retraction

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Summary

  • COI are difficult to avoid
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Summary

  • COI are difficult to avoid
  • COI have limits (amount; intervals)
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Summary

  • COI are difficult to avoid
  • COI have limits (amount; intervals)
  • COI do not imply wrongdoing
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Summary

  • COI are difficult to avoid
  • COI have limits (amount; intervals)
  • COI do not imply wrongdoing
  • Not declaring COI is wrongdoing
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Summary

  • COI are difficult to avoid
  • COI have limits (amount; intervals)
  • COI do not imply wrongdoing
  • Not declaring COI is wrongdoing
  • Declaration of COI do not remove

COI

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Summary

  • COI are difficult to avoid
  • COI have limits (amount; intervals)
  • COI do not imply wrongdoing
  • Not declaring COI is wrongdoing
  • Declaration of COI do not remove

COI

  • Detailed guidelines are available
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Summary

  • COI are difficult to avoid
  • COI have limits (amount; intervals)
  • COI do not imply wrongdoing
  • Not declaring COI is wrongdoing
  • Declaration of COI do not remove

COI

  • Detailed guidelines are available
  • Transparency is the ‘only’ policy
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Summary

  • COI are difficult to avoid
  • COI have limits (amount; intervals)
  • COI do not imply wrongdoing
  • Not declaring COI is wrongdoing
  • Declaration of COI do not remove COI
  • Detailed guidelines are available
  • Transparency is the ‘only’ policy
  • Reader beware!