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The politjcal representatjon of women & ethnic groups in legislatures around the world
Didier Ruedin
University of the Witwatersrand & University of Neuchâtel BAGGS Bamberg, 25 May 2018
Women Ethnic groups Relatjonship
The politjcal representatjon of women & ethnic groups in - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
The politjcal representatjon of women & ethnic groups in - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
The politjcal representatjon of women & ethnic groups in legislatures around the world Didier Ruedin University of the Witwatersrand & University of Neuchtel BAGGS Bamberg, 25 May 2018 Women Ethnic groups Relatjonship
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Representatjon can be descriptjve or substantjve L L L R R R R L L R R L R
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There are many reasons to insist on descriptjve representatjon
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A framework of descriptjve representatjon
Citjzens
Vote
Legislature
Attjtudes
Candidates Electoral System Salience Politjcal Context
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Measuring ethnic representatjon
n i i R i Z
ERS
1 , , 2 1
1
Populatjon Representatjves
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Women are not equally represented
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Bivariate associatjon for women are as expected PR systems – yes Party quotas – yes Legislatjve quotas – yes Politjcal rights – yes Old democracies – yes Attjtudes – yes
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There is a strong correlatjon between attjtudes and the representatjon of women
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Cultural factors seem to dominate the representatjon of women
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Ethnic groups are not equally represented
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Bivariate associatjon for ethnic groups are mixed PR systems – no Quotas – (yes) Politjcal rights – no Old democracies – no Attjtudes – yes Heterogeneity – yes (control)
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Cultural factors seem important for the representatjon of ethnic groups
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First summary
Women Ethnic Groups Electoral System Yes* No Quotas Yes * (Yes) Politjcal Rights Yes Yes * Old Democracy Yes No Attjtudes Yes ** Yes ** ** consistently * in some models, not consistently; bivariate only
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Three expectatjons for the relatjonship between the two Positjve correlatjon Politjcal system Culture Negatjve correlatjon Trade-ofg between including women or ethnic minority groups Salience Importance of social cleavage
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Expectatjon for a direct relatjonship High correlatjon Substantjvely difgerent from zero Sign: positjve or negatjve
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Results for a direct relatjonship High correlatjon → r = 0.05 Substantjvely difgerent from zero → no Sign: positjve or negatjve
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Expectatjon for salience
Heterogeneous Homogeneous Women low high Ethnic Groups high low
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Results in line with (relatjve) salience
Heterogeneous Homogeneous Women 0.30 0.34 Ethnic Groups 0.63 0.28
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In summary, attjtudes dominate and salience seems to matuer
Limited evidence for instjtutjonal factor but implementatjon matuers