The Nazi Data Debate: Historical Discourse and Use of Unethically - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

The Nazi Data Debate: Historical Discourse and Use of Unethically Obtained Medical Data Martha E. Meacham Spring 2013

Is the data that resulted from Nazi human experimentation during the Holocaust still being used in medicine? YES How has the medical community incorporated and acknowledged this data in subsequent research? What has been the discourse in the medical and ethics communities concerning the use of this data? Thesis Questions

“This is the most tremendous thing I have ever gotten into. It is overwhelming; the wealth and importance of the material, from all points of view – medical, historical, psychological – is enormous.” Austrian Jewish émigré to the United States. Medical expert, investigator, and consultant at the Nuremberg Trial. From Doctors of Infamy Dr. Leo Alexander

The Treatment of Shock from Prolonged Exposure to Cold, Especially in Water

“Survival of hypothermia by men immersed in the ocean.” - Molnar Treatment 1946 “Effects of body mass …responses in water.” 1986 of Shock – “The Effects of Cooling and of Various Alexander Means of Warming…” 1949 1945 “Monitoring core temperature “Lethal Hypothermic Temperatures for Dog in swimmers.” 1996 and Man” 1959 “How much did cold shock …” Clinical Hypothermia 1964 2005 “Rapid Active Rewarming in Accidental Hypothermia” 1970 “Swimming in Ice Cold Water.” 2009 "Recognition and Treatment of Immersion Hypothermia” 1973 “Exercise in a Cold Environment” 1981 “Physiology and Pharmacology of Hypothermia” 1983 “Current Concepts: Accidental Hypothermia” – All of these articles cite/use Pozos 1988/1994 Nazi hypothermia data Explicit acknowledgment/ “Inhibition of Shivering…” 1997 discussion of Nazi source NO discussion of Alexander “Immersion, near - drowning and drowning” 1997 or Nazi source within article Mention Dachau only, not “Damage Control: Collective Review” 2000 Nazi or controversy

Glaser, E. M. "The Effects of Cooling and of Various Means of Warming on the Skin and Body Temperature of Men." Journal of Physiology 109 (1949): 366-79.

Molnar, G. W. "Survival of hypothermia by men immersed in the ocean." JAMA 131, no. 13 (1946): 1046-1050. Fernandez, J. et. al. "Rapid Active Rewarming in Accidental Hypothermia." Journal of the American Medical Association 212, no. 1 (1970): 153-56 .

Fisher, Bernard, et. al. "Experimental Evaluation of Prolonged Hypothermia." A.M.A. Archives of Surgery 71, no. 3 (1955): 431-38 . Golden, F. St C. "Recognition and Treatment of Immersion Hypothermia." Procedures of the Royal Society of Medicine 66 (1973):1053-61 .

“Survival of hypothermia by men immersed in the ocean.” - Molnar Treatment 1946 “Effects of body mass …responses in water.” 1986 of Shock – “The Effects of Cooling and of Various Alexander Means of Warming…” 1949 1945 “Monitoring core temperature “Lethal Hypothermic Temperatures for Dog in swimmers.” 1996 and Man” 1959 “How much did cold shock …” Clinical Hypothermia 1964 2005 “Rapid Active Rewarming in Accidental Hypothermia” 1970 “Swimming in Ice Cold Water.” 2009 "Recognition and Treatment of Immersion Hypothermia” 1973 “Exercise in a Cold Environment” 1981 “Physiology and Pharmacology of Hypothermia” 1983 “Current Concepts: Accidental Hypothermia” – All of these articles cite/use Pozos 1988/1994 Nazi hypothermia data Explicit acknowledgment/ “Inhibition of Shivering…” 1997 discussion of Nazi source NO discussion of Alexander “Immersion, near - drowning and drowning” 1997 or Nazi source within article Mention Dachau only, not “Damage Control: Collective Review” 2000 Nazi or controversy

Thank you .