The Nazi Data Debate: Historical Discourse and Use of Unethically - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
The Nazi Data Debate: Historical Discourse and Use of Unethically Obtained Medical Data Martha E. Meacham Spring 2013 Is the data that resulted from Nazi human experimentation during the Holocaust still being used in medicine? YES How has
Martha E. Meacham Spring 2013
Is the data that resulted from Nazi human experimentation during the Holocaust still being used in medicine?
What has been the discourse in the medical and ethics communities concerning the use
How has the medical community incorporated and acknowledged this data in subsequent research?
From Doctors of Infamy
“This is the most tremendous thing I have ever gotten into. It is overwhelming; the wealth and importance of the material, from all points of view – medical, historical, psychological – is enormous.” Austrian Jewish émigré to the United States. Medical expert, investigator, and consultant at the Nuremberg Trial.
The Treatment of Shock from Prolonged Exposure to Cold, Especially in Water
Treatment
Alexander 1945
“Survival of hypothermia by men immersed in the ocean.”- Molnar 1946
“Effects of body mass …responses in water.” 1986 “Monitoring core temperature in swimmers.” 1996 “How much did cold shock …” 2005 “Swimming in Ice Cold Water.” 2009
“The Effects of Cooling and of Various Means of Warming…” 1949 “Lethal Hypothermic Temperatures for Dog and Man” 1959 Clinical Hypothermia 1964 “Rapid Active Rewarming in Accidental Hypothermia” 1970 "Recognition and Treatment of Immersion Hypothermia” 1973 “Exercise in a Cold Environment” 1981 “Physiology and Pharmacology of Hypothermia” 1983 “Current Concepts: Accidental Hypothermia” – Pozos 1988/1994 “Inhibition of Shivering…” 1997 “Immersion, near-drowning and drowning” 1997 “Damage Control: Collective Review” 2000 All of these articles cite/use Nazi hypothermia data Explicit acknowledgment/ discussion of Nazi source NO discussion of Alexander
Mention Dachau only, not Nazi or controversy
Glaser, E. M. "The Effects of Cooling and of Various Means of Warming on the Skin and Body Temperature of Men." Journal of Physiology 109 (1949): 366-79.
Molnar, G. W. "Survival of hypothermia by men immersed in the ocean." JAMA 131, no. 13 (1946): 1046-1050. Fernandez, J. et. al. "Rapid Active Rewarming in Accidental Hypothermia." Journal of the American Medical Association 212,
Fisher, Bernard, et. al. "Experimental Evaluation of Prolonged Hypothermia." A.M.A. Archives of Surgery 71, no. 3 (1955): 431-38. Golden, F. St C. "Recognition and Treatment of Immersion Hypothermia." Procedures of the Royal Society of Medicine 66 (1973):1053-61.
Treatment
Alexander 1945
“Survival of hypothermia by men immersed in the ocean.”- Molnar 1946
“Effects of body mass …responses in water.” 1986 “Monitoring core temperature in swimmers.” 1996 “How much did cold shock …” 2005 “Swimming in Ice Cold Water.” 2009
“The Effects of Cooling and of Various Means of Warming…” 1949 “Lethal Hypothermic Temperatures for Dog and Man” 1959 Clinical Hypothermia 1964 “Rapid Active Rewarming in Accidental Hypothermia” 1970 "Recognition and Treatment of Immersion Hypothermia” 1973 “Exercise in a Cold Environment” 1981 “Physiology and Pharmacology of Hypothermia” 1983 “Current Concepts: Accidental Hypothermia” – Pozos 1988/1994 “Inhibition of Shivering…” 1997 “Immersion, near-drowning and drowning” 1997 “Damage Control: Collective Review” 2000 All of these articles cite/use Nazi hypothermia data Explicit acknowledgment/ discussion of Nazi source NO discussion of Alexander
Mention Dachau only, not Nazi or controversy