The Legacy of Ancient Greece THE ARTS & ARCHITECTURE DEMOCRACY - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

The Legacy of Ancient Greece

THE ARTS & ARCHITECTURE DEMOCRACY & PHILOSOPHY SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY ALEXANDER THE GREAT

Students will be able to describe the development and impact of government as well as citizenship; the scientific and cultural advancements; and the roles and contributions of individuals in Ancient Greece.

ANCIENT GREECE

3rd Quarter ISN – Table of Contents

Left Side Page Right Side Page

City-State called Polis C.N. 8 Forms of Government C.N. 9 Life in SPARTA 10 Life in ATHENS 11 “I am” Rough Draft/Blank 12 “I am” Final Poem 13 Cultural: Theater & Literature CN 14 Cultural: Architecture CN 15 Cultural: Democracy 16 Cultural: Philosophy 17 Scientific: Astronomy 18 Scientific: Math & Physics 19 Alexander the Great 20 Student Created Test Review 21

The Arts & Architecture of Ancient Greece

Topic: Greek Theater and Literature- p. 364, 411, 412

Essential Question: What new elements did Greek theater and literature introduce?

Cues:

• 1. What is a drama?
• 1. What is the difference

between a tragedy and comedy?

• 1. Who was Homer and

what was he famous for?

ama: a written work designed for actors to perform Tragedy- a serious drama that presents the downfall of an important character, like a king. Common themes: love, war, and hate Comedy- less serious dramatic work, often made fun of politics, important people, and ideas of the time with happy endings. Famous Greek Literature Homer was a blind man who composed the most famous epics (long poems): the Odyssey and the Illiad, about the Trojan War and its portrayal of heroes like Achilles.

Topic: Greek Architecture- p.412 and 413

Essential Question: What new elements did Greek architecture introduce?

Cues:

• 1. What is the style of Greek

art?

• 1. How did the Greeks use

columns and sculptures? 1. Who was Phidias and what is he famous for?

deal: a style of Greek art focusing on as perfect a form (objects and humans) as possible A series of columns, called a colonnade, was placed around the

• utside of buildings with graceful proportions.

Sculptures portrayed the gods and placed in temples to honor them Phidias- sculptor who created the statue of Athena in the Parthenon using gold and ivory, standing over 30 feet tall in 447 BC.

The Arts & Architecture of Ancient Greece

Arts Architecture

Drama: a written work designed for actors to perform Tragedy- a serious drama that presents the downfall of an important character, like a king. Common themes: love, war, and hate Comedy- less serious dramatic work, often made fun of politics, important people, and ideas of the time with happy endings. Famous Greek Literature Homer was a blind man who composed the most famous epics (long poems): the Odyssey and the Illiad, about the Trojan War and its portrayal of heroes like Achilles.

Ideal: a style of Greek art focusing on as perfect a form

(objects and humans) as possible Sculptures portrayed the gods and placed in temples to honor them A series of columns, called a colonnade, was placed around the

• utside of buildings with graceful proportions.

Phidias- sculptor who created the statue of Athena in the

Parthenon using gold and ivory, standing over 30 feet tall in 447 B.C.

Democracy and the Philosophy of Ancient Greece

Topic: Greek Democracy- p. 393, 394, and 395

EQ: How is Direct Democracy different from Representative Democracy?

Cues:

• 1. What are the similarities

between Athenian Direct Democracy and U.S. Representative Democracy?

• 1. Define Direct Democracy.

1. Who was Pericles and what is he famous for?

They share the following: 1) political power is held by all citizens and 2) three branches: law-making, executive, and judicial. Direct Democracy- a form of democracy in which citizens participate directly in running the government. Pericles was one of Athens’ greatest leaders. He strengthened democracy by paying public officials. He expanded the empire by building a strong naval fleet. He rebuilt and beautified Athens. C.

Topic: Greek Philosophy- p. 414, 415

EQ: Why did the Greeks develop philosophy?

Cues:

• 1. Explain the study of Greek

philosophy.

• 1. Who was Socrates and how did

he challenge his students?

• 1. Who was Plato and what did he

believe?

• 1. Who was Aristotle and how was

his invention used? Who did he tutor?

philosophy, or the study of basic truths and ideas about the universe, focused on reason and logic. These laws rule the universe and people could understand them. Socrates challenged his students asking them a series of questions to examine their beliefs. Plato was a student of Socrates who believed that a philosopher-king should rule a government. Aristotle was a student of Plato who used the rules of logic for debating and studying areas of science. He tutored Alexander the Great.

Science and Technology of Ancient Greece

Topic: Greek Science- p. 416, 417

EQ: What scientific discoveries were made by Greeks in Astronomy?

Cues:

• 1. Why was astronomy so

important to the Greeks?

• 1. What were they able to

estimate?

• 1. What relationship did they

study?

• 1. Who was Ptolemy and what

was he wrong about? Greeks made important discoveries about planets and stars. Found a way to estimate the circumference, or distance around Earth Studied the relationship of the sun, moon, and Earth to each other Famous Greek FAIL!!! Oops! Ptolemy, a scientist, placed Earth at the center of the universe which was NOT correct but believed for 1,400 years!

Topic: Greek Math & Physics- p. 416, 417

EQ: What kinds of discoveries were developed by mathematicians and physicists?

Cues:

• 1. In order for them to study

astronomy, what other subject did they need to develop?

• 1. Who was Euclid and what did he

create?

• 1. Who was Archimedes and what

did he develop? How were his ideas used?

Advanced mathematics was needed to study astronomy so several kinds

• f math were developed.

Euclid was a mathematician who created the basis for geometry. Archimedes was an inventor who developed the compound pulley and explained the law of the lever. His ideas were used to build pumps for irrigation systems.

Alexander the Great & Hellenistic Culture The blend of Greek, Persian, Egyptian and Indian Styles and Customs

The Kingdom of Macedonia Alexander Tries to Conquer the World The Legacy of Alexander The country north of Greece called Macedonia had a strong and fearless king, Philip II. As a teenager, Philip was a hostage in the Greek polis of Thebes. He observed their army and military tactics. He used this knowledge to build a well-trained army and new weapons like a catapult and battering rams. Many Greek polis were disorganized after the Peloponnesian War (Athens

• vs. Sparta) so he conquered them and

became a dictatorial ruler, ending democracy. He was assassinated at his daughter’s wedding and his son, Alexander (age 20) took the throne. Alexander was ready to be king. He was tutored by the finest Greek scholars, trained in his father’s army, and he wanted to create an empire. Many Greek polis feared Alexander’s cruel and bold war tactics against

• Thebes. He gained full control of Greece.

He attacked and defeated Persian forces in Anatolia before heading south to Egypt. Egyptians welcomed Alexander because they hated the Persians. They chose him to be their pharaoh. He moved his forces east conquering Mesopotamia, Persia (Central Asia), and the Indus River Valley in India. After conquering lands, Alexander left Greeks to set up colonies spreading their Greek culture and customs especially Greek language. Hellas was the Greek name for Greece. The blending of Greek, Persian (Arabs), Egyptian and Indians cultures (cultural diffusion) became known as Hellenistic culture which still exists in those lands today. The most famous Hellenistic city was Alexandria, Egypt founded in 332 BC. The city was an important center of learning with a library containing vast collections of texts attracting scholars across the lands to study ideas and create new discoveries.

Alexander the Great & Hellenistic Culture The blend of Greek, Persian, Egyptian and Indian Styles and Customs

Can YOU apply your ISN notes to Respond to Critical Thinking Questions? With your neighbor, find out if, YOU are prepared for the CFA!

Art & Architecture Democracy, History, and Philosophy Science & Technology Alexander the Great

What qualities did Greek sculptors and architects seek to portray? What aspects of Athenian direct democracy are similar to democracy as practiced by the United States? How did the Greek scientists expand knowledge about the world? How did the conquests of Alexander the Great change the cultures

• f the conquered

lands?

Greek sculptors aimed to create ideal images. Greek architects had the same goal of creating structures

• f beauty, grace, and

proportion. Both democracies have citizens exercising political power like voting, and both have three branches of government. Greek scientists made advances in astronomy, mathematics, and physics that expanded knowledge and understanding about the world and the solar system. All the cultures were affected by cultural

• diffusion. New ideas and

ways of governing became a part of life in the conquered

• lands. Learning and

knowledge changed as well.