the IWRM project Ingrid Nesheim (NIVA), Toe Aung, Bo Ni (WMD, FD), - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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the IWRM project Ingrid Nesheim (NIVA), Toe Aung, Bo Ni (WMD, FD), - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Oct 22, 2022 20 likes •325 views

The Integrated Water Resources Management Institutional building and training, the IWRM project Ingrid Nesheim (NIVA), Toe Aung, Bo Ni (WMD, FD), Zaw Lwin Tun (IWUMD) Nay Pyi Taw, February 14 th 2018 Ingrid Nesheim 19.02.2018 1 Short about

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19.02.2018 Ingrid Nesheim 1

The Integrated Water Resources Management Institutional building and training,

the IWRM project

Ingrid Nesheim (NIVA), Toe Aung, Bo Ni (WMD, FD), Zaw Lwin Tun (IWUMD) Nay Pyi Taw, February 14th 2018

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19.02.2018 Ingrid Nesheim 2

Short about The IWRM project

(2015-2018)

  • 1. To pilot the River Basin Management Approach in the

Sittaung River Basin, case study Bago Sub-basin

  • 2. Rehabilitation and instrumentation of the laboratory

at Forest Research Institute, NPT .

  • 3. Development of ecological water quality criteria
  • 4. Monitoring in Inlay Lake
  • 5. Water Quality Database including server

Background: Environment Cooperation between Myanmar and Norway. Regarding water management, the collaboration is between MONREC and NIVA. MOALI and MOTC are in the project’s steering group. NIVA, Norwegian Institute for Water Research is Norway’s leading multidisciplinary research institute in the field of use and protection of water bodies and water quality

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19.02.2018 Ingrid Nesheim 3

The IWRM project

(2015-2018)

To pilot the River Basin Management Approach in the Sittaung River Basin, case study Bago Sub-basin

Background: Environment Cooperation between Myanmar and Norway. Regarding water management, the collaboration is between MONREC and NIVA. MOALI and MOTC are in the project’s steering group. NIVA, Norwegian Institute for Water Research is Norway’s leading multidisciplinary research institute in the field of use and protection of water bodies and water quality

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Myanmar National Water Framework Directive (NWFD) –

Directive (1): Good status for all ground water and surface water Directive (2): National Water Budget; “good quantitative status” Directive (3): The ecological and chemical status (Water Quality Monitoring) Directive (4): State and Regional Governments "to encourage the active

involvement of interested parties" Directive (5): All basins in Myanmar need River Basin Development Plans. Directive (6): Transgressions, “it has a place as precautionary principle/section.

19.02.2018 Ingrid Nesheim 4

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A system to measure ecological status

  • f rivers

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Typically higher species diversity, and species sensitive to oxygen demand

Lower species diversity, loss

  • f pollution sensitive

species Low species diversity – species present low oxygen demand Chemical status is evaluated based on concentrations of chemical substances that are dangerous to humans and animals. Ecological status is based on biology, but use hydromorphology and chemical substances as supportive elements.

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Macroinvertebrates indicator species in rivers

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Macrophytes indicator species

in lakes

14.11.2017 Marit Mjelde 7

Eichornia crassipes

(photo: A. Ballot)

Pistia stratiotes (photo: A. Ballot) Salvinia cucullata (photo: A.Ballot) Euryale ferox (photo: M. Mjelde) Ceratophyllum demersum (photo: A. Ballot)

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19.02.2018 Andreas Ballot 8

Phytoplankton indicator species in lakes

Cyanobacteria Dinoflagellates Green Algae Diatoms

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19.02.2018 Ingrid Nesheim 9

Table: Boundaries for total nitrogen (TN) in Norway.

high good moderate poor bad ECOLOGICAL STATUS

The chemical water quality element

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Hydromorphology

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  • coordinated water management for

surface waters, the marine influence area and ground waters within a river basin;

  • across administrative borders like

states, regions, towns, and municipalities

19.02.2018 Ingrid Nesheim 11

IWRM and the river basin management approach

  • Integration of sector authorities, experts and disciplines,

involvement of stakeholders - and the of use common thresholds and environmental standards To develop a holistic River Basin Management Plan

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Delineation of an administrative Sittaung River Basin

Upper, Middle and Lower Sittaung Sub-basin Areas were identifed in two workshops in 2015. These are units for practical water management tasks based on coordination and involvment. The Bago River Sub-basin are a case study area for pilot testing the river basin management approach.

19.02.2018 Ingrid Nesheim 12

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Piloting the river basin administrative approach in Bago

  • Bago Sub-basin Area Committee, the Bago MONREC minister was

elected as chair person, Directors of Bago FD, ID DWIR were elected as

  • secretaries. Four meetings organized.
  • Bago Non-governmental Stakeholder Group meetings, a the arena

for regional particpiation. Three meetings organized. Three secretaries have been elected. Four meetings organized.

  • The aim is to develop a holistic Bago Sub-basin Area management plan

for the improvement of the ecological status of waters.

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Development of a Bago Sub-basin Water Management Plan

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Timeline for different steps Dat e Characterization and classification (monitoring)

2015

  • Conti

nous

Prioritized water management issues

2016

Environmental aims of water body types

2016

Abatement measures

2017

Prioritization of abatement measures

2017

  • 2018
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The Bago Sub-basin – water quality monitoring since 2015

Characterization of Bago Sub-basin

  • Chemical, biological and hydro-morphological

monitoring is undertaken in 35 at water bodies.

  • FD and IWUMD are sampling in Bago on monthly

basis 35 stations. Samples are analysed at IWUMD laboratory in Yangon, FRI laboratory in NPT, and at NIVA in Norway.

  • Bago Sub-basin Area Characterization report – an
  • verview of water use, water users and pressure

analysis as background for the assessment of ecological status of surface waters in the Bago is available from project home page.

19.02.2018 Ingrid Nesheim 15

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Nutrient pollution

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General trend: From Bago city and downwards, nutrients levels are especially high (the bacteria E. coli was also detected from here).

Total phosphorus (TP) Total nitrogen (TN)

  • E. coli
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Heavy metals

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General trend:

  • So far, the samples indicate no

heavy metal pollution, based on filtrated samples of lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), Zink (Zn), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg) and cadmium (Cd) Uncertainty:

  • There exist no class boundaries for

Arsenic, only for arsene (As). In some areas, levels of arsenic are high relative to others (SS1 and SS2, and also near Yangon). We should look closer into this.

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Water samples analysed at the rehabilitated water quality laboratory at FRI, Yezin Universtity

  • Instruments to test, conductivity, alkalinity, turbidity and color, ions,

bacteria and nutrients have been installed. Instrument for BOD in February

  • Training sessions for the use of instrument for water quality analysis.

Participants from FRI (MONREC), IWUMD (MOALI), DWIR, (MOTC).

19.02.2018 Ingrid Nesheim 18

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Data stored in the developed water quality database – log in is available

  • A database system is made available for users of FD, IWUMD, and DWIR,

technical developments continue throughout the project period.

  • Training workshops with members from FD, IWUMD and DWIR in

Myanmar.

  • A log in portal is available at the project website:

http://www.niva.no/myanmar/water-quality-database-system.

  • A server has been purchased it is about to installed at the Forest

Department, NPT. The purchase includes technical assistance from the provider.

19.02.2018 Ingrid Nesheim 19

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Decision making: What are prioritized management issues / pressures?

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Bago township Thanatpin ts Kawa ts Waw ts

Sewage Garbage Sand mining Industrial waste River Bank Erosion and Sedimentation Salt water intrusion Invasive shell species destroying the paddy fields High concentration

  • f phosphorus and

nitrogen Ground water pollution River Bank Erosion and Sedimentation Salt water intrusion Invasive shell species destroying the paddy fields High concentration

  • f phosphorus and

nitrogen River bank erosion and sedimentation Salt water intrusion Invasive shell species destroying the paddy fields High concentration

  • f phosphorus and

nitrogen River bank erosion and sedimentation

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Decision making: what are environmental objectives?

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Protected areas Reservoirs & dams

Water body types Identified environmental objectives

  • Free of contaminants
  • No Eutropichation
  • Healthy rivers and lakes (biodiverstiy)
  • Healthy Rivers and lakes (biodiversity)
  • Sufficient water flow
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Upsteam Bago City

19.02.2018 Ingrid Nesheim 22

Bago City area Downstream Bago City

Water body types Identified environmental objectives

  • Sufficient water flow
  • Healthy rivers
  • No erosion
  • Free of contaminants
  • Free of contaminants
  • No eutrophication
  • Sufficient water flow
  • Healthy rivers
  • Free of contaminants
  • No erosion
  • No eutrophication
  • Healthy rivers

Decision making: what are environmental objectives?

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19.02.2018 Ingrid Nesheim 23

Decision making: what are abatement measures?

Protected areas for management of biodiv & ecosystems

Aims:

NWFD, Wetland policy

Free of contaminants No Eutropichation Moeyungyi Reservior (wetland) North Zamayi

Man-made issues (waste disposal) Reduce invasive species Awareness raising of local people, ex. control

  • n fishing

Ecosystem and biodiversity conservation especially for migratory birds Counter measures for natural disasters

Pressures

Invasive species Sufficient water flow Run-off from agriculture

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19.02.2018 Ingrid Nesheim 24

Decision making: what are abatement measures?

Up-stream water bodies and abatement measures

Aims: NWFD

Deforestation Erosion

Pressures

Overfishing Reforestation, rehabilitation e.g. Kan Taw Gyi watershed Training to local people how to use pesticides and fertilizers. Watershed plantation, to reduce protect soil erosion Regulations, and public awareness to local people don’t dump near the river and in the river

  • Sufficient water flow
  • Healthy rivers
  • No erosion
  • Free of contaminants
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19.02.2018 Ingrid Nesheim 25

Decision making: what are abatement measures?

Bago City water bodies

Aims WFD

Sewage Erosion Sandmining

Pressures

Bago City area

Public awareness Locate alternative place for garbage Treatment plant for sewage Rules & Regulations (law enforcement) Treatment plant for industrial waste

  • Free of contaminants
  • No eutrophication
  • Sufficient water flow
  • Healthy rivers
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19.02.2018 Ingrid Nesheim 26

Decision making: what are abatement measures?

Down-stream water bodies

Aims NFWD

Pesticide and nutrient leakage sewage Erosion

Pressures

Construction of erosion control Wall Controlling using chemical fertilizers Planting trees in buffer strips Controlling environmental Pollution & monitor water quality Reduce number of permits for sand mining

  • Free of contaminants
  • No erosion
  • No eutrophication
  • Healthy rivers
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Prioritization of measures, effectiveness

  • f implementation

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Details and implementation is sector responsiblity

Measure / Criteria

Where ? When?

Costs

(low, moderate high)

Socially accepta ble (low, moderat e, highly)

Politica lly accept able

(low, moderate , highly)

In line with CC

Timeline of implement

Vegetation & trees buffer strip Reduce no of permits for sand mining Control use

  • f chemical

fertilizers Garbage collection

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19.02.2018 Ingrid Nesheim 28

Draft report: Environmental aims, pressures and abatement measures. Will be published April. Bago Sub-basin Area Water Management Plan The plan will be a final summary of the two other reports. Draft version in May, published September..

Activites are posted on facebook page: search «IWRM Myanmar» Reports avaiable at - www.niva.myanmar.no

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Based on this pilot on river basin management we will report on:

  • Non-governmental Stakeholder involvment in water

management – on local, regional, and national level

  • On challenges of coordination among departments on

practical water management tasks such as monitoring of water water quality

  • It is an aim gain more experiences from other such pilots

in the next phase of this IWRM !

19.02.2018 Ingrid Nesheim 29

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19.02.2018 Ingrid Nesheim 30

Thank you for your time and your attention! Kyeizu tin ba de

Bago River Follow us on facebook! (Search IWRM project)