The IR-4 Biopesticide Workshop September 24, 2015 Michael - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

The IR-4 Biopesticide Workshop

September 24, 2015

Michael Braverman

Handouts

Agenda Biopesticide Workshop 2015 Priorities(By crop) Priorities by discipline (Entomology, Pathology, Weed Sci) Workshop Survey

Celebrating 50 Years!

1983 1993 2003 2014

IR-4 Biopesticide Regulatory Assistance Program 1982 IR-4 Biopesticide Grant Program 1995 Demonstration Grant Program Co-funded by EPA 2004-2008

Priority Based Grant Program 2014

Voting in Chicago – Priority

Priority Fruit Organic Ornamental Other Public Health Vegetables #1 Citrus greening/ Citrus Fireblight / Organic apples Cryphonectria parasitica / Chestnut Blight Varroa mite/ Honeybees Public Health/ Mosquitoes Bacterial Diseases Fruiting Veg. - field & GH #2 Spotted wing Drosophila/ All crops Weed control/ Organic crops Botrytis leaf spot/blight / Bulb cut flowers RNAi based technologies /All crops Public health/ Bed bugs Downy Mildew / Basil (field & GH) #3 Brown Marmorated Stink bug/All crops Mummy berry, Anthracnose , Alternaria / blueberry Weed Control in Nursery Seed & Transplant Beds Fruit flies / Fruit and vegetables Public Health/ Tick Whitefly, Aphid, Psyllids/GH tomato #4 Aflatoxin/ Figs Late blight / Organic tomato Turfgrass / Nematodes Armillaria / Fruit trees woody

• rnamentals

Mites, Thrips, Aphids and whiteflies / vegetables

Results 2014 Workshop>2015 trials

Priority Fruit Organic Ornamental Other Public Health Vegetables #1 Citrus greening/ Citrus Fireblight / Organic apples Cryphonectria parasitica / Chestnut Blight Varroa mite/ Honeybees Public Health/ Mosquitoes Bacterial Diseases Fruiting Veg. - field & GH #2 Spotted wing Drosophila/ All crops Weed control/ Organic crops Botrytis leaf spot/blight / Bulb cut flowers RNAi based technologies /All crops Public health/ Bed bugs Downy Mildew / Basil (field & GH) #3 Brown Marmorated Stink bug/All crops Mummy berry, Anthracnose , Alternaria / blueberry Weed Control in Nursery Seed & Transplant Beds Fruit flies / Fruit and vegetables Public Health/ Tick Whitefly, Aphid, Psyllids/GH tomato #4 Aflatoxin/ Figs Late blight / Organic tomato Turfgrass / Nematodes Armillaria / Fruit trees woody

• rnamentals

Mites, Thrips, Aphids and whiteflies / vegetables

Results 2014 Workshop>2015 trials

Crown gall resistant Walnut Female self limiting gene- Diamondback moth Viral induced hypovirulence and transgenic OxO Blueberry Caneberry Clavibacter, spot and spec in Tomato

Breakout groups

Entomology, Plant Pathology, Weed Science

• Should we continue funding the same projects in 2016 that were funded in 2015?
• Within the list of priorities has any become a more serious problem that needs more

attention?

• Are there certain priorities that are of national importance versus regional interest?
• Are there any new products that really have a lot of potential to the degree that a

particular priority should be ranked higher than others?

• Where do resistance problems exist that need alternatives or how to integrate

biopesticides, conventional products and cultural practices to manage the pest?

• In conclusion, within the groups of Fruit, Organic, Other and Vegetable what are the most

important priorities?( Note you can all vote how you choose, this is to facilitate exposure to different opinions and stimulate thought)

2015 Biopesticide Trial Results

Efficacy and Phytotoxicity of Biopesticides for management of Spotted Wing Drosophila (SWD) in blueberry and caneberries

Lindsy Iglesias, Ph.D. Student Oscar E. Liburd, Principle Investigator

IR‐4 National Pesticide Clearance Biopesticide Efficacy And Performance Protocol

Trial 1: Organic Blueberries

• April‐May 2015
• RCBD, 4 rep, 12 trt
• 4 applications, 7 d interval
• Adults and berries sampled weekly

– Berries reared for 14 d for emergence

• Data analysis

– Logist[x+0.2] transformed – Repeated measures, LSD mean separation (JMP 11.1.1, SAS

Institute Inc. 2013)

• Obj. 1 Results: Berry Infestation

Analyzed Using Nonparametric Kruskal‐Wallis Rank Sums T est

α = 0.95

*All Products are labeled for organic use

Trial 1: Treatments

# Compound Active Ingredient Rate Notes 1 Untreated

‐‐

‐‐ 2 Entrust SC

Spinosad

6 fl oz/acre 3 Grandevo

Chromobacterium subtsugae

3 lb/acre 4 Venerate XC

Burkholderia spp.

2 qt/acre 5 Entrust SC

Spinosad

6 fl oz/acre T ank Mix Grandevo

• C. subtsugae

2 lb/acre 6 Entrust SC

Spinosad

6 fl oz/acre T ank Mix Venerate XC

Burkholderia spp.

2 qt/acre 7 Veratran D Lo

Sabadilla Alkaloids

8 lb/acre 8 Veratran D Hi

Sabadilla Alkaloids

15 lb/acre 9 Grandevo

• C. subtsugae

3 lb/acre Rotation OxiDate 2.0

Hydrogen Dioxide, Peroxyacetic Acid

64 fl oz/100 gal H2O Venerate XC

Burkholderia spp.

2 qts/acre 10 Azera

Pyrethrins+azadirachtin

2.5 PT/acre T ank Mix Entrust SC

Spinosad

6 fl oz/acre 11 Azera

Pyrethrins+azadirachtin

2.5 PT/acre T ank Mix Grandevo

• C. subtsugae

2 lb/acre 12 Azera

Pyrethrins+azadirachtin

2.5 PT T ank Mix Venerate XC

Burkholderia spp.

2 qt/acre

Trial 1 Blueberry: Findings

• New products found to be effective for control
• f SWD in organic systems

– Oxidate, Veratran D, Grandevo, and Azera

• Venerate XC was ineffective
• Entrust did not show same level of control as

in the past

• June‐July 2015
• RCBD, 4 rep, 9 trt
• 4 applications, 7 d interval
• Adults and berries sampled weekly

– Berries reared for 14 d for emergence

• Data analysis

– Log[x+1] transformed – Repeated measures, LSD mean separation (JMP

11.1.1, SAS Institute Inc. 2013)

Trial 2: Conventional Blackberries

*All Products are labeled for organic use

Trial 2: Treatments Blackberry

# Compound Active Ingredient Rate Notes 1 Entrust SC

Spinosad

6 fl oz/acre T ank Mix Veratran D Hi

Sabadilla Alkaloids

15 lb/ac 2 Veratran D Hi

Sabadilla Alkaloids

15 lb/ac 3 Cimexa Lo

Amorphous Silica Gel

5 lb/acre T ank Mix PolyT axi

Soap (adjuvant)

26 fl/100 gal water Veratran D Hi

Sabadilla Alkaloids

15 lb/ac 4 Cimexa Hi

Amorphous Silica Gel

10 lb/acre T ank Mix PolyT axi

Soap (adjuvant)

26 fl/100 gal water 5 Entrust SC

Spinosad

6 fl oz/acre 6 Untreated

‐‐

‐‐ 7 Grandevo

Chromobacterium subtsugae

3 lb/acre 8 Veratran D Lo

Sabadilla Alkaloids

8 lb/acre 9 Cimexa Lo

Amorphous Silica Gel

5 lb/acre T ank Mix PolyT axi

Soap (adjuvant)

26 fl/100 gal water

Trial 2: Adult Captures by Week

a a b a b a a b ab

35 30 25 20 15 10 5 Mean SWD Captured per Trap

Week 1 Week 2

35 30 25 20 15 10 5

abc bcd ab abc

Week 3

a a bcd cd d

35 30 25 20 15 10 5 Mean SWD Captured per Trap Trade 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 Trade

Week 4

Trial 2: Findings

• New products found to be effective for control
• f SWD in organic systems

– Veratran D, Grandevo*

• Cimexa effect on SWD was similar to control
• Entrust did not show same level of control as

in the past

Conclusions

• New compounds

– Grandevo, Oxidate, Veratran D, and Azera

• Venerate XC was ineffective
• Cimexa effect on SWD was similar to control
• Entrust did not show same level of control as in

the past

CALIFORNIA FIG ADVISORY BOARD ASPERGILLUS FLAVUS AF36 SECTION 18 EMERGENCY EXEMPTION - FOR USE ON DRIED FIGS TO REDUCE AFLATOXIN

Fire Blight, a Devastating Agricultural Disease

Spreads quickly in warm and wet weather

Fireblight/Organic Apple

Treatment Percent Control Yoder Johnson Sundin Peter FireWall 76.3 2.7 ‐‐ 47 Fire Quencher ‐4.7 7.9 9.6 ‐1 Blossom Protect + Buffer Protect 36.4 5 5.2 15 Cueva 2 qt 58.7 5.8 19.4 2 Bloomtime 9.6 7.4 27.3 ‐8 Blossom Protect + Buffer Protect + Fire Quencher 36.5 2.5 18.5 25

Green=Same antibiotic Yellow >Control Red= Same as Control

Fireblight/Organic Apple

Green=Same antibiotic Yellow >Control Red= Same as Control

Treatment Percent Control Yoder Johnson Sundin Peter Fire Quencher + Cueva or Previsto 18 ‐‐ 17.1 5 Fire Quencher + Bloomtime 1.2 6.8 23.4 2 Serenade Opti + Cueva or Previsto 45.2 2.1 15.1 ‐4 Cueva 3 qt 16.7 6.2 ‐‐

‐‐

Previsto 3 qt. ‐‐ 3.4 ‐‐

‐‐

Diamondback moth

Treated Male moths are released to mate with female and pass on a ‘self- limiting’ gene that prevents the female offspring from reaching adulthood. This reduces the number of reproductive females and the pest population in the release area shrinks..

IR-4 funding Tony Shelton

Oxford University Oxitec UK Intrexon USA

Pre‐ registration meeting Crown Gall Resistant Transgenic ‘Paradox’ Walnut Rootstocks Line

• Complete suppression
• of tumor formation
• Rootstock is transgenic

(GMO)

• Any conventional scion

variety (Chandler)

Transgenic Paradox Wild Type Paradox

Plant Science Department Dr Dandekar

Weed density in Walnut

Transformed

Non

• transformed

Brad Hanson UCDavis

Efficacy and product safety of biopesticides for varroa mite management of honey bees

Elina L. Niño UC Davis

• Three biopesticides (two dosages of one)

being tested in 2015

– Positive control (Apiguard)Thymol – HopGuard II – TPS‐1001 (low and high dose) – Untreated control

Hive Strength Check and Alcohol Wash for Varroa Mite Counts

Average Colony Strength

NS

Total adult bee score

ANOVA on total adult bee score square root transformed

A C AB BC AB

Average Percent Mite Infestation

NS

ANOVA on Percentages arcsine square root transformed

A B B BC C A AB B AB AB

Average % mite infestation

Mite Infestations of Adult Bees

D a ys A fte r T re a tm e n ts

D a y 0 D a y 1 4 D a y 2 8 D a y 4 2

Precent of Mites on Adult Bees

1 2 3 4 5 C o n tro l T P S -1 T P S -2 H O P A p ig u a rd

a b a b b a a b b c c a b b c c a b b b c c

Lambert Kanga- Florida State University

Wolbachia‐ Steve Dobson‐ University of Kentucky

• Cytoplasmic Incompatibility (CI): (mosquitoes)

Tomato Bacterial Canker IR‐4 Biorational Product Evaluation

The Ohio State University Sally Miller and Jhony Mera

Treatments

Non‐treated, Non‐inoculated Non‐treated, inoculated Actigard 50WG 0.25 oz/100 gal (drench) fb K‐Phite 3 qt/A (foliar) Cease 6 qt/A + MilStop 2 lb/A (foliar) Double Nickel LC 2 qt/A (drench) fb Double Nickel LC 1 qt/A (foliar) TerraClean 12.8 fl oz/100 gal/A (drench) fb AgriPhage 1.0‐2.0 Pint/50 gal/A (foliar) Oxidate 2.0 1.0 gal/100 gal (foliar) Oxidate 2.0 1.0 gal/100 gal (2 apps post inoculation) fb AgriPhage 1.0‐2.0 Pint/50 gal/A (foliar) Actigard 50WG 0.25 oz/100 gal (drench) fb K‐Phite 3qt/A + AgriPhage 1.0‐2.0 Pint/50 gal/A (foliar) K‐Phite 3 qt/A + AgriPhage 1.0‐2.0 Pint/50 gal/A (foliar) Cueva 2.0 qt/A (foliar) Manzate ProStik 75DF 2.0 lbs/A (every 7 days) + Actigard (1,2) 0.33 oz/A (3,4 ) 0.5 oz/A (5,6,7) 0.75 oz/A [every 14 days]

5 10 15 20 25 30

% Bacterial Canker

f de def def bcd cde bc b bc b a b d = drench; f = foliar P = 0.0001 ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐

Better that inoculated control Same as control

100 200 300 400 500 600

Bacterial Canker AUDPC

i hi ghi fgh efg cde cde bcd bc ab a def ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ P = 0.0001 d = drench; f = foliar

Non‐inoculated Inoculated control

Actigard (d) + K‐Phite (f)

Manzate/Actigard

Efficacy of Products to Manage Bacterial Canker Secondary Spread Materials and Methods

• 6 plant plots stake and weave

system; roma‐type tomato

• Interplanted 2 heavily inoculated

plants with Clavibacter michiganensis subsp michiganensis using 3 strains Trial Progress and Main Issue:

• Plants established well
• Plots are in excellent shape

production‐wise

• Bacterial canker symptoms are

progressing

• Xanthomonas (Bacterial spot and the

number one issue in the Mt production region) is also present Early plant stand Mid‐September plant growth FRANK LOUWS

Efficacy of Products to Manage Bacterial Canker Secondary Spread CMM is just beginning to spread; 3‐4 weeks more to go NOTE: Most recent rating (9‐18‐2015) Percent defoliation Non‐transformed data Somewhat difficult to rate CMM

• vs. Spot

2 4 6 8 10 12 14

Cmm Severity Rating

D CD CD BC BC BC BC BC BC BC AB A

‐CMM = Not inoculated)

Inoculated plants showing symptoms; test plants starting to show CMM symptoms

Clavibacter/Tomato

• Several treatments superior to

Manzate Prostick standard

• Across 2 trials OH, NC

Actiguard+KPhite or Cueva superior to Manzate

Silverleaf whitefly, Bemisia tabaci biotype B In GH Tomato- Hugh Smith University of Florida

Life cycle ~

• about 3 wks from egg to adult.
• adults can live up to 2 wks.
• est. 5 wks btwn generations.

Tomato yellow leaf curl virus – transmitted by silverleaf whitefly

50 100 150 200 250

IR4 Biopesticide Study: Control of Whiteflies on GH Tomato Total nymphs after third weekly spray Sivanto was sprayed week 1 and week 3

F 10, 30 =3.35, P = 0.005 A __________________AB_______________ ___B___ Nymphs / 10 leaflets

Potential follow-up research.

Sivanto followed by a rotation of M-Pede and a fungal pathogen

Celebrating 50 Years!

1993 2003 2014

IR-4 Biopesticide Grant Program 1995 Demonstration Grant Program Co-funded by EPA 2004-2008

Priority Based Grant Program 2014 Future of the Biopesticide Efficacy Grant Program in 2016 and Beyond- Jerry Baron