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The ICARUS Project The ICARUS Project The ICARUS Project The ICARUS Project A. Bueno University of Granada XXIst International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics NEUTRINO 2004 The ICARUS Collaboration The ICARUS Collaboration

slide-1
SLIDE 1

XXIst International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics

NEUTRINO 2004

  • A. Bueno

University of Granada

The ICARUS Project The ICARUS Project The ICARUS Project The ICARUS Project

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SLIDE 2
  • A. Bueno (Granada University), ICARUS Collab.

Neutrino 2004

The ICARUS Collaboration The ICARUS Collaboration The ICARUS Collaboration The ICARUS Collaboration

Research project jointly approved by INFN and Research project jointly approved by INFN and CERN CERN

CERN/SPSC 2002 CERN/SPSC 2002-

  • 027 (SPSC

027 (SPSC-

  • P

P-

  • 323) LNGS

323) LNGS-

  • EXP 13/89

EXP 13/89

– – CNGS Physics Program: ICARUS is an official CERN CNGS Physics Program: ICARUS is an official CERN experiment known as CNGS2 (April 2003) experiment known as CNGS2 (April 2003)

ICARUS COLLABORATION

25 INSTITUTIONS, 150 PHYSICISTS

CIEMAT Granada UCLA ETHZ INR IHEP Katowice Krakow Warsaw, Wroclaw L’Aquila, LNGS, Milano, Napoli, Padova, Pavia, Pisa, LNF

slide-3
SLIDE 3

Liquid Argon Detector : Why? Liquid Argon Detector : Why? Liquid Argon Detector : Why? Liquid Argon Detector : Why?

Easy to obtain with very high purity by specialized Easy to obtain with very high purity by specialized industries industries

– – Concentration on atmosphere ~ 0.9% Concentration on atmosphere ~ 0.9% – – Cheap: 1 liter cost below 1 Cheap: 1 liter cost below 1 € €

Homogeneous medium simultaneously acting as target Homogeneous medium simultaneously acting as target and detector and detector Interesting physical properties for a tracking device: Interesting physical properties for a tracking device:

– – Boiling point = 87.3 K at 1 bar; not flammable Boiling point = 87.3 K at 1 bar; not flammable – – Density = 1.4 g/cm Density = 1.4 g/cm3

3

– – Radiation length = 14 cm; interaction length = 80 cm Radiation length = 14 cm; interaction length = 80 cm – – Electron mobility = 500 cm Electron mobility = 500 cm2

2/Vs

/Vs – – dE/dx dE/dx = 2.1 MeV/cm = 2.1 MeV/cm

Propagation of charged particles induce Propagation of charged particles induce… …

– – Ionization Ionization

Minimum ionizing track: 88000 electron-ion pairs per cm After recombination @ 500 V/cm: 55000 pairs/cm

– – Scintillation Scintillation

UV Spectrum UV Spectrum λ λ=128 nm =128 nm

– – Č Čerenkov erenkov light (given that light (given that β β > 1/n) > 1/n)

  • A. Bueno (Granada University), ICARUS Collab.

Neutrino 2004

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SLIDE 4
  • A. Bueno (Granada University), ICARUS Collab.

Neutrino 2004

After many years of R&D at lab scale After many years of R&D at lab scale… …

The road for construction of The road for construction of very massive very massive LAr LAr TPC detectors is now open! TPC detectors is now open!

Electronic Electronic Electronic Electronic Bubble Bubble Bubble Bubble Chamber Chamber Chamber Chamber

cathode

Anode: 3 wire planes (at ±60o and 0o)

E E

µ µ

Argon (87K)

E E

e e−

−

3 3-

  • dimensional images

dimensional images

LAr acts as target and detector

Real Events Real Real Events Events

µ µ→ →e e

EM EM Shower Shower Hadronic Hadronic Interaction Interaction

Energy measured in each point: bubble size ≈ 3 x 3 x 0.2 mm3 e e−

−

e e−

−

e e−

−

e e−

−

e e−

−

e e−

−

e e−

−

T600 detector

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SLIDE 5
  • A. Bueno (Granada University), ICARUS Collab.

Neutrino 2004

T600 Detector: Cosmic Ray Data T600 Detector: Cosmic Ray Data T600 Detector: Cosmic Ray Data T600 Detector: Cosmic Ray Data

More than 27000 triggers collected during More than 27000 triggers collected during technical run on surface (summer 2001) technical run on surface (summer 2001)

– – Detector performed according to expectations Detector performed according to expectations – – Testing 3D reconstruction, particle ID capabilities, Testing 3D reconstruction, particle ID capabilities, … …

Publications so far Publications so far… …

Design, construction and tests of the ICARUS T600 Design, construction and tests of the ICARUS T600 detector, detector, accepted for publication by NIM A on 31/12/03 accepted for publication by NIM A on 31/12/03. . Measurement of the muon decay spectrum with the ICARUS Measurement of the muon decay spectrum with the ICARUS T600 liquid Argon TPC, T600 liquid Argon TPC, Eur

  • Eur. Phys. Journal C33 (2004) 233

. Phys. Journal C33 (2004) 233-

  • 241.

241. Study of electron recombination in liquid Argon with the Study of electron recombination in liquid Argon with the ICARUS TPC, ICARUS TPC, Nucl

  • Nucl. Inst.

. Inst. Meth

  • Meth. A523 (2004) 275

. A523 (2004) 275-

  • 283

283. . Analysis of Liquid Argon Purity in the ICARUS T600 TPC Analysis of Liquid Argon Purity in the ICARUS T600 TPC, ,

  • Nucl. Inst. Meth. A516 (2004) 68
  • Nucl. Inst. Meth. A516 (2004) 68-
  • 79

79. . Observation of long ionizing tracks with the ICARUS T600 Observation of long ionizing tracks with the ICARUS T600 first half first half-

  • module,

module, Nucl. Inst. Meth. A508 (2003) 287

  • Nucl. Inst. Meth. A508 (2003) 287-
  • 294

294. .

slide-6
SLIDE 6
  • A. Bueno (Granada University), ICARUS Collab.

Neutrino 2004

Liquid Argon Purity Liquid Argon Purity Liquid Argon Purity Liquid Argon Purity

Long drift distances demand ultra Long drift distances demand ultra pure Argon pure Argon

– Impurities: 0.1 ppb Oxygen- equivalent

Two independent and complementary methods to measure the LAr purity:

– Purity Monitors : on-line information on a fixed position of the chamber (punctual measurement). – Muon tracks: off-line analysis measuring the collected charge attenuation from crossing muon tracks (average measurement).

For future modules, the present technology would allow to expand drift distances up to 3m

250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 1750 2000 2250 2500 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

from long tracks from purity monitors

LAr re-circulation OFF

Elapsed Time (Days) Lifetime (µs)

ICARUS T600

Vdrift= 1.56 mm / µs @ 0.5 kV/cm

drift ≈ 2.3 m

Liquid Argon TPC Liquid Argon TPC is a mature is a mature detection technique detection technique

slide-7
SLIDE 7
  • A. Bueno (Granada University), ICARUS Collab.

Neutrino 2004

Michel Electron Spectrum Michel Electron Spectrum Michel Electron Spectrum Michel Electron Spectrum

Study of stopping muon Study of stopping muon sample sample

– – 3000 events analyzed and 3000 events analyzed and fully reconstructed in 3D fully reconstructed in 3D

ρ ρ parameter parameter measurement measurement

Standard Model Standard Model ρ ρ = 0.75 = 0.75

Energy resolution for Energy resolution for electrons below ~50 MeV electrons below ~50 MeV

) ( 08 . ) ( 06 . 72 . sys stat ± ± = ρ

% 2 % 11 ) ( ⊕ = E E E σ

slide-8
SLIDE 8
  • A. Bueno (Granada University), ICARUS Collab.

Neutrino 2004

Momentum measurement: Multiple Scattering Momentum measurement: Multiple Scattering Momentum measurement: Multiple Scattering Momentum measurement: Multiple Scattering

Essential to measure kinematics Essential to measure kinematics properties of non properties of non-

  • contained events

contained events

– – Interest focused on atmospheric events Interest focused on atmospheric events

Full simulation of muon events for a broad Full simulation of muon events for a broad momentum range momentum range

– – Include all detector effects Include all detector effects

Split track into segments. Measured Split track into segments. Measured angles have two contributions: angles have two contributions: Momentum extracted from fit over a Momentum extracted from fit over a sample of different segment lengths sample of different segment lengths Resolutions Resolutions ≈ ≈20 20-

  • 25%

25% Future analysis Future analysis… …

– – Resolution improvement with alternative Resolution improvement with alternative methods (e.g. methods (e.g. Kalman Kalman Filter)? Filter)? – – Validate conclusions with real data: large Validate conclusions with real data: large sample of stopping muons sample of stopping muons

MC Momentum (GeV) 1 2 3 4 5 6 MC Momentum (GeV) 1 2 3 4 5 6

∆p/p (%)

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 MC Momentum (GeV) 1 2 3 4 5 6 MC Momentum (GeV) 1 2 3 4 5 6 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

MUON MOMENTUM RESOLUTION MUON MOMENTUM RESOLUTION

Preliminary

( ) ( ) ( )

2 / 3 2 2 2

; / ;

−

∝ ∝ + =

seg RMS noise seg RMS RMS noise RMS RMS meas

L p L ϑ ϑ ϑ ϑ ϑ

3 GeV muon

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SLIDE 9
  • A. Bueno (Granada University), ICARUS Collab.

Neutrino 2004

Particle Particle Particle Particle Identification

Identification Identification Identification

210 215 220 1170 1172 1174 1176 1178 1180 290 295 300 305 310 315 320

y(cm) z ( c m ) x (cm)

K +

µ

+ e+

AB BC K+ µ+

Run 939 Event 46 A B C D

K+ µ+ e+

Collection

K

+[AB]→ µ +[BC]→ e +[CD]

wire wire drift time drift time µ+ e+ K+

Induction I

K+ µ+ e+

3D reconstruction allows to compute dE/dx and range

slide-10
SLIDE 10
  • A. Bueno (Granada University), ICARUS Collab.

Neutrino 2004

Particle Identification: Neural Network Particle Identification: Neural Network Particle Identification: Neural Network Particle Identification: Neural Network

1000 2000

muons

81.20 % K p 18.71 % K p 0.09 % K p 0 % K p 250 500 750 1000

pions

7.72 % K p 91.78 % K p 0.50 % K p 0 % K p 1000 2000 3000

kaons

0.11 % K p 0.62 % K p 99.02 % K p 0.25 % K p 1000 2000 3000

protons

0 % K p 0 % K p 0.035 % K p 99.965 % K p

π π π π µ µ µ µ

Muon Event Classification 1 10 102 103 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

Neural Net Out Events

µ π k p

Kaon Event Classification 1 10 102 103 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

Neural Net Out Events

µ π k p

Full generation and 3D Full generation and 3D reconstruction of muons, reconstruction of muons, pions pions, , protons and protons and kaons kaons Analysis based on neural Analysis based on neural

  • network. Discrimination given by:
  • network. Discrimination given by:

– – Different stopping power for each Different stopping power for each particle type particle type – – Difference on secondary particle Difference on secondary particle production after decay/interaction production after decay/interaction

  • f parent track
  • f parent track

– – Key issues Key issues: :

Accurate energy measurement Accurate energy measurement Good spatial resolution for Good spatial resolution for precise tracking reconstruction precise tracking reconstruction

Very high identification Very high identification efficiencies efficiencies (>90%) (>90%) while low while low contamination levels contamination levels (few %) (few %) are are expected expected

Preliminary

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SLIDE 11
  • A. Bueno (Granada University), ICARUS Collab.

Neutrino 2004

T600 at LNGS T600 at LNGS T600 at LNGS T600 at LNGS

Following LNGS Director Following LNGS Director’ ’s mandate, a s mandate, a working group of experts was set up to working group of experts was set up to review: review:

– – ICARUS T600 (cryogenics, safety, installation, ICARUS T600 (cryogenics, safety, installation, commissioning, operation) commissioning, operation) – – Risk Analysis: simulation of possible major Risk Analysis: simulation of possible major failures failures – – Technical infrastructure and human resources Technical infrastructure and human resources at LNGS to cope with ICARUS needs at LNGS to cope with ICARUS needs

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SLIDE 12
  • A. Bueno (Granada University), ICARUS Collab.

Neutrino 2004

Working Group Conclusions (Nov 2003) Working Group Conclusions (Nov 2003) Working Group Conclusions (Nov 2003) Working Group Conclusions (Nov 2003)

The ICARUS project is sound and innovative The ICARUS project is sound and innovative Recommended improvements concerning the Recommended improvements concerning the cryogenic system will be implemented by our cryogenic system will be implemented by our collaboration collaboration

– – Overall risk linked to LNGS activities is not increased Overall risk linked to LNGS activities is not increased when T600 becomes operational when T600 becomes operational

A significant amount of work should be carried out A significant amount of work should be carried out at LNGS to upgrade Hall B infrastructure and at LNGS to upgrade Hall B infrastructure and technical utilities technical utilities T600 can be installed right now underground: T600 can be installed right now underground: allowed to enter hall B (summer 2004) allowed to enter hall B (summer 2004)

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SLIDE 13
  • A. Bueno (Granada University), ICARUS Collab.

Neutrino 2004

The T600 Installation Roadmap The T600 Installation Roadmap The T600 Installation Roadmap The T600 Installation Roadmap

Milestones Milestones Estimated start/end dates Estimated start/end dates

LNGS Director LNGS Director’ ’s permission to place cryostat s permission to place cryostat underground underground End of May End of May Works on Hall B pavement refurbishing Works on Hall B pavement refurbishing 1 1-

  • 06

06-

  • 04/10

04/10-

  • 09

09-

  • 04

04 Control System & Liquid Nitrogen Re Control System & Liquid Nitrogen Re-

  • Liquifier

Liquifier Deadline: 30 Deadline: 30-

  • 09

09-

  • 05

05 T600 Transportation to LNGS T600 Transportation to LNGS “ “parking lot parking lot” ” position position (adjudicated contract)

(adjudicated contract)

July July-

  • 04/

04/ Control Room Building and Set Control Room Building and Set-

  • up

up (contract

(contract adjudication 30/6/04) adjudication 30/6/04)

6 6-

  • 10

10-

  • 04/13

04/13-

  • 09

09-

  • 05

05 Supporting structure for N2 Utilities & Supporting structure for N2 Utilities & Purification System Purification System (adjudicated contract)

(adjudicated contract)

14 14-

  • 10

10-

  • 04/30

04/30-

  • 08

08-

  • 05

05 Thermal Insulation & Mechanics Installation Thermal Insulation & Mechanics Installation

(adjudicated contract) (adjudicated contract)

30 30-

  • 08

08-

  • 04/13

04/13-

  • 07

07-

  • 05

05 Piping Works Installation & Control System Piping Works Installation & Control System

(INFN approval needed) (INFN approval needed)

14 14-

  • 07

07-

  • 05/13

05/13-

  • 09

09-

  • 05

05 DRY TEST DRY TEST 14 14-

  • 09

09-

  • 05/4

05/4-

  • 10

10-

  • 05

05 Upgrade human resources & ventilation, Upgrade human resources & ventilation, cooling, power distribution systems (LNGS cooling, power distribution systems (LNGS responsibility) responsibility) Deadline: 3 Deadline: 3-

  • 10

10-

  • 05

05 LAr Supply, Filling & Commissioning LAr Supply, Filling & Commissioning October 2005 October 2005

slide-14
SLIDE 14
  • A. Bueno (Granada University), ICARUS Collab.

Neutrino 2004

A Rich Physics Programme A Rich Physics Programme A Rich Physics Programme A Rich Physics Programme

Atmospheric, Solar Atmospheric, Solar and Supernova and Supernova neutrinos neutrinos Long Baseline Long Baseline Neutrino Experiment: Neutrino Experiment:

– – Explicit search for Explicit search for ν νµ

µ→

→ν ντ

τ and

and ν νµ

µ→

→ν νe

e

Background Background-

  • free

free proton decay proton decay searches searches

u u d

e+

d d

p π0

I C A R U S

Physics Prospects

slide-15
SLIDE 15
  • A. Bueno (Granada University), ICARUS Collab.

Neutrino 2004

CONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS

The Liquid Argon detection technique is now The Liquid Argon detection technique is now mature mature

– – Matches the requirements imposed, to second Matches the requirements imposed, to second generation detectors, by neutrino physics and proton generation detectors, by neutrino physics and proton decay searches decay searches – – Ability to build very massive detectors Ability to build very massive detectors – – It has been demonstrated that It has been demonstrated that drift distances drift distances amounting amounting up to several meters up to several meters are feasible are feasible

The T600 is being moved to LNGS The T600 is being moved to LNGS

– – Physics run will start in Autumn, 2005 Physics run will start in Autumn, 2005

The collaboration plans to clone the T600 The collaboration plans to clone the T600 module in order to reach a final mass of 3 module in order to reach a final mass of 3 Kton Kton

– – Address fundamental questions related to the Physics Address fundamental questions related to the Physics Beyond the Standard Model Beyond the Standard Model

slide-16
SLIDE 16
  • A. Bueno (Granada University), ICARUS Collab.

Neutrino 2004

B ACK B ACK B ACK B ACK-

  • UP

UP UP UP

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SLIDE 17
  • A. Bueno (Granada University), ICARUS Collab.

Neutrino 2004

ICARUS T3000 + Muon Spectrometer ICARUS T3000 + Muon Spectrometer ICARUS T3000 + Muon Spectrometer ICARUS T3000 + Muon Spectrometer

A Second A Second-

  • Generation Proton Decay Experiment and Neutrino Observatory at

Generation Proton Decay Experiment and Neutrino Observatory at Gran Sasso Laboratory Gran Sasso Laboratory

T600 T1200 T1200 Muon Spectrometer

LNGS-EXP 13/89 Add. 3/03 CERN/SPSC 2003-030 SPSC-P-323-Add. 1

Construction strategy: Construction strategy: “ “Cloning Cloning” ” the successfully the successfully

  • perated T600 module
  • perated T600 module
slide-18
SLIDE 18
  • A. Bueno (Granada University), ICARUS Collab.

Neutrino 2004

CNGS: CNGS: CNGS: CNGS: ν νµ

µ→

→ν ντ

τ Oscillations

Oscillations Oscillations Oscillations

Main reaction Main reaction

– – Search based on Search based on kinematical criteria kinematical criteria – – Natural Natural ν ντ

τ contamination below 10

contamination below 10-

  • 7

7 w.r.t.

w.r.t. ν νµ

µ

component component – – Several decay modes investigated (electron decay is Several decay modes investigated (electron decay is the the “ “golden golden” ” channel) channel) – – 5 years of CNGS operation 5 years of CNGS operation (4.5 x 10 (4.5 x 1019

19 p.o.t.)

p.o.t.) – – T3000 detector T3000 detector (2.35 kton active LAr, 1.5 kton (2.35 kton active LAr, 1.5 kton fiducial) fiducial)

Super-Kamiokande: 1.6 < ∆m2 < 3.0 at 90% C.L.

eνν µνν h−nh0ν h−h+h−nh0ν ⎧ ⎨ ⎪ ⎩ ⎪ ⎪ 18% 18% 50% 14%

τ→

ντ+Ar→τ+jet;

slide-19
SLIDE 19
  • A. Bueno (Granada University), ICARUS Collab.

Neutrino 2004

Main reaction Main reaction Natural Natural ν νe

e contamination

contamination 1% 1% Limited by CNGS Limited by CNGS statistics statistics

Three Neutrino Mixing 10-1 10-1 10-2 10-3 1 10-3 10-2 10-4 sin 2Θ

2 13

∆m (eV )

2 2 23

ν ν µ e

MINOS, 10 KT-YEAR ICARUS, 2.35 KT, 5 YEARS CNGS, + 4.6 JHF+SK, 22.5 KT, 5 YEARS

min

2 χ

  • MINOS
  • CHOOZ
  • CNGS
  • r
  • r
  • r

7 06 . ) 2 (sin 11 14 . ) 2 (sin 6 04 . ) 2 (sin

13 13 2 13 13 2 13 , 13 2

< < < < < < θ θ θ θ θ θ

τ

CNGS: CNGS: CNGS: CNGS: ν νµ

µ→

→ν νe

e Oscillations

Oscillations Oscillations Oscillations

For ∆m2

23 = 2.5 x 10-3 eV2

For ∆m2

23 = 2.5 x 10-3 eV2

νe+Ar→e−+jet;