The Current Situation and Challenge of Biomass Gasification System - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

The Current Situation and Challenge of Biomass Gasification System with Rotary Kiln

11/ 12/ 2012

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• K. Sasauchi

Environmental & Biomass Engineering Dept. R&D Center Chugai Ro Co., Ltd.

The kind of form s of renew able energy

Method Energy form Wind Power Electric Hydro Power Electric

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PV Electric

Geothermal power

Electric

B i

• m

a s s

E l e c t r i c ・ H e a t ・ L i q u i d / S

• l

i d f u e l ・ C h e m i c a l s

Biom ass can be changed not only electric but also m any kind of form s

Contents

We provide:

Background in Japan Motivation of development Current situation of Biomass gasifire in Japan

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Current situation of Biomass gasifire in Japan Our developing Rotary Kiln type gasifier Applied for rubble of earthquake disaster Conclusion

Background

Biomass resources are widely dispersed, so it costs a lot to collect a large amount of biomass Small-scale gasification system is desirable for on-site use.

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are often used for small-scale in Europe. Downdraft gasifiers It is compact and product gas contains little amount of tar. But it needs uniform size of biomass for successful operation and cannot treat unutiized biomass (bark, bamboo, grass).

W ood chip for Dow nDraft Gasifire

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Paper company is using for pulp in Japan

Scraps from Lumber Regular size with dry EUR80 / ton

Motivation

In Japan, there is currently a strong demand for fuel flexible gasifiers, that are able to convert biomass difficult to treat (bark, bamboo, grass etc.).

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We started the development of Rotary Kiln gasifier supported by NEDO project in 2003 bark bamboo grass

180kW Rotary Kiln (2013) ChugaiRo

Current situation of biomass gasification plant for electrical generation in Japan

Foreign License 300kW Downdraft (2010) Ｔ SK 175kW Downdraft (2006) Ｋ Ｈ Ｉ 2000kW Updraft (2008) JFEE 3000kW (2014) JBEC

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250kW EB (2011) MAFF 175kW Downdraft (2009) Ｋ Ｈ Ｉ 35kWDowndraft (2010) Yanmer 130kW Downdraft (2005) Ｔ Ｓ Ｋ 150kW CFB (2007) Ｋ Ｈ Ｉ 2000kW Updraft (2007) JFEE 180kW Rotary Kiln (2006) ChugaiRo 330kW Rotary Koln (2012) ChugaiRo 3000kW (2014) JBEC

Thermal decomposition gas +tar

Updraft Type Gasifier Downdraft Type Gasifier

Biomass Biomass

Fixed bed type Direct Gasifiers

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Reduced zone

Carbide

Air Air Reduced zone Air Air

Carbide

Combustion Zone Thermal decomposition gas +tar Combustion Zone

Demonstration Plant of Stirling Engine

A i c h i E n e r g y P a r k

O w n e r ：C h u b u E l e c t r i c P o w e r C o . C o n s t r u c t o r ：C h u g a i R o O u t P u t P o w e r ：3 0 k W E f f : 2 5 % F u e l ：W o o d c h i p T y p e

• f

F u r n a c e ：D i r e c t f i r e d C i r c u l a t i o n C o m b u s t i o n 9

Stirling Engine from DTU Overview of Plant Heat Exchanger

間接式木質バイオマスガス発生の原理

試験管 木質ﾊ ﾞ ｲ ｵ ﾏ ｽ

Test tube

Woody biomass

System of Indirect woody biomass gasification

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木質ﾊ ﾞ ｲ ｵ ﾏ ｽ 可燃性ガス アルコールランプ

External Heat Source Combustible Gas

Woody biomass

Gasifier with externally heating kiln

Biomass

Thermal decomposition gas +tar 11

Hot Air

Burning char

Char/Ash

Ash

• External heating type multi-chamber

rotary kiln

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Woody Chip Hot Gas

Reformer

T h e r m a l d e c o m p o s i t i o n

Oxygen Combustible Gas

+

Indirect gasification

Reforming Gas Product gas

S h i f t r e a c t i o n

Combustible Gas Steam

System of Gasification

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2 0 0 ℃ 8 6 0 ℃ S h i f t r e a c t i o n 約1 . 5 h

Gasifier： External heating kiln

Residuals（ Char +Ash）

+

Tar

Removing tar by high temperature (1 1 0 0 ℃ )

T h e r m a l d e c o m p o s i t i o n

Great East Japan Earthquake In Minamisanriku Town Miyagi

612 people were dead 226 people are missing 3316 houses were destroyed The generated amount of rubble in this disaster is 1.8 million tons

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Town hall Feb.2012 Foundation of the house

Gasification and Co-generation Plant in Minamisannriku Miyagi Pref. Japan

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Input of Biomass： 830 kg/h（50% moisture content） 20 t/day 1980MJ/h［ 550kW］ efficiency 30% Hot water production： Generation Capacity： 330kW efficiency 18% Operation Started：

• Sep. 2012

Waste incinerator Waste Gasifire Temporary storage of waste

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Overview of disaster waste treatment plant in Minamisanriku

Metal in the rubble

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Biomass selected from the rubble

Property of chips for materials

Unit Measurement

Values from technical analysis

Moisture content wet% 64 Volatile matter dry% 83.5 Fixed carbon dry% 13.2 Ash dry% 0.3

Values from elemental analysis

C dry% 46 H dry% 6.1

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N dry% 0.2 O dry% 46 T-S dry% 0.22 T-Cl dry% 0.39 Na mg/kg- dry 360 K mg/kg- dry 1500 Higher calorific value J/g 19200

Schematic Flow Diagram

Flare Stuck Gas Holder Gas Reformer Oxygen Vent

Vent Storage 140m3 Dryer Filter

Gasifier

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Heat Exchanger Gas Engine Generator Hot Gas F’ce

Char Gas Cooler Water Tank Drain Metal or Others

Gasifier Receiving Hopper

Differential in the composition of the produced gas

G a s i f i c a t i o n a t 7 0 0 ℃ H 2 : 2 8 % C O : 3 0 % C O : 2 5 % G a s i f i c a t i o n a t 8 5 0 ℃ H 2 : 4 8 % C O : 2 6 % C O : 1 7 %

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C O 2 : 2 5 % C H 4 : 1 3 % L C V 3 , 2 3 3 k c a l / m 3 N 4 0 ℃

• r

l e s s R e l a t i v e h u m i d i t y 8 0 ％

• r

l e s s C O 2 : 1 7 % C H 4 : 8 % L C V 2 , 6 1 5 k c a l / m 3 N 4 0 ℃

• r

l e s s R e l a t i v e h u m i d i t y 8 0 ％

• r

l e s s

2 0 % 9 9 % Water Gas 2 0 % 8 5 % Water Gas

Result of Gasification Test

21 8 0 % 9 9 % 1 % Solid Residual 8 6 0 ℃ （C o n t i n u o u s ） 8 0 % 8 5 % 1 5 % Solid Residual 7 0 0 ℃ （C o n t i n u o u s ）

Material （ Wood Chip） Material （ Wood Chip）

Producer Producer

Result of Gasification Test

Outlet of gasifier Outlet of Refromer Gas volume wet m3N/h 348 269 dry m3N/h 116 130 Gas temperature

• C

650 474 Moisture content vol% 66.7 51.7 Gas components CO2 vol% 20 31 22 CO vol% 31 25 H2 vol% 30 36 CH4 vol% 13.6 7.4 C2H4 vol% 3.1 0.2 C2H6 vol% 0.3 <0.1 C3H8 vol% <0.1 <0.1 Calorific value (lower) MJ/m3 N 13.9 9.8

2 4 6 8 1 1 2 5 1 1 5 2 2 5

Change of Calorific and volume

volume (m3/h) rific value of the s (MJ/m3N)

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Change in the calorific value of gas w ith tim e Change in the gas volum e w ith tim e 3 6 9 1 2 1 5 3 6 9 1 2 1 5 Time (minutes) Time (minutes) Gas vo Calorific gas

Thermal reforming of tar

M e a s u r e d a t t h e e x i t

• f

r e f

• r

m i n g u n i t

T i m e 1 :0 9 1 :3 1 1 1 :0 2 1 1 :4 2 1 2 :2 2 1 3 :0 5 R e f

• r

m i n g t e m p .(℃ ) 7 1 5 8 6 7 1 7 9 1 2 2 7 1 1 9 2 1

2 <

O x y g e n (m 3 N / h ) 7 8 .7 7 9 .0 2 1 4 .1 4 1 4 .3 9 1 4 .3 6

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Tar in alcohol solvent

Middle Gas Engine for generator

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Type MAN Cylinder V12 Displacement 19L Power 350kW at Natural Gas 180kW at Pyrolysis Gas

Compression ratio

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Sm all Gas Engine for generator

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Type 2GR-FE(Toyota) Cylinder V6 Displacement 3.456L Power 30kW at Pyrolysis Gas

Compression ratio

10.8 HARRIER(TOYOTA)

We try to use car engine for power generation

30kW× 5 Gasification Plant 180kW

Connect to diesel generator

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500kW Diesel To other plant

• 1. Rotary kiln gasifire system is effective for

gasification of biomass of irregular size

• 2. Tar can be removed completely by thermal

reforming

• 3. Biomass power generation is not able to

follow the electrical load variation, but it may

Conclusion

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follow the electrical load variation, but it may be based by the generator connected to the emergency power system, even in no grid such as disaster area

• 4. A motor vehicle engine can be used for

biomass power generation