SLIDE 1 The Craft of Scientific Presentations
[Feynman] developed into an accomplished and inspiring teacher and lecturer, who gave virtuoso performances full of showmanship, humor, with his own inimitable brilliance, style, and manner. Jagdish Mehra
SLIDE 2
Because presentations are expensive, one should consider whether a presentation is truly needed
Cost in salaries of audience
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Because presentations are expensive, one should consider whether a presentation is truly needed
Cost in salaries of audience Cost in time for presentation
SLIDE 4
Because presentations are expensive, one should consider whether a presentation is truly needed
Cost in salaries of audience Cost in time for presentation Cost in time to prepare presentation
SLIDE 5 Presentations have several advantages
Work can come alive for audience
Work
SLIDE 6 Presenter can read audience and react A B C C D
Presentations have several advantages
Work can come alive for audience
Work
SLIDE 7 Presenter can read audience and react A B C C D Presenter receives instant reaction ! ? ! ?
Presentations have several advantages
Work can come alive for audience
Work
SLIDE 8
Speaker has limited chance to catch errors ? ? ?
Presentations also have several disadvantages
SLIDE 9 Speaker has limited chance to catch errors ? ? ? Audience cannot reread text
has one audience chance to hear
Presentations also have several disadvantages
SLIDE 10 Speaker has limited chance to catch errors ? ? ? Audience cannot reread text
has one audience chance to hear
Audience cannot look up background material
Presentations also have several disadvantages
SLIDE 11 Presentations can be viewed from three stylistic perspectives
Structure and Speech Delivery
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Visual Aids
SLIDE 12 audience purpose
You begin preparing a scientific presentation by analyzing your constraints
SLIDE 13 audience purpose
You begin preparing a scientific presentation by analyzing your constraints
who are they? what do they know? why are they here? what biases do they have?
SLIDE 14 audience purpose
You begin preparing a scientific presentation by analyzing your constraints
SLIDE 15 audience purpose
You begin preparing a scientific presentation by analyzing your constraints
to inform to persuade to inspire to teach
SLIDE 16 audience purpose
You begin preparing a scientific presentation by analyzing your constraints
SLIDE 17 audience purpose
You begin preparing a scientific presentation by analyzing your constraints
formality size time
SLIDE 18
B e g i n n i n g E n d i n g
Middle
As with documents, the structure of presentations should have clear beginnings, middles, and ends
SLIDE 19
Beginnings prepare the audience for the work to be presented
Defines work
Work = A + B
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Beginnings prepare the audience for the work to be presented
Defines work
Work = A + B
Shows importance
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Beginnings prepare the audience for the work to be presented
Defines work
Work = A + B
Shows importance Gives background
SLIDE 22 Beginnings prepare the audience for the work to be presented
Defines work
Work = A + B
Maps presentation
A B C D
Shows importance Gives background
SLIDE 23 The middle presents the work in a logical order
post-combustion methods combustion methods pre-combustion methods
SLIDE 24 pre-combustion methods combustion methods
In the middle, you make smooth transitions between major points
SLIDE 25 pre-combustion methods combustion methods post-combustion methods combustion methods
In the middle, you make smooth transitions between major points
SLIDE 26 The ending summarizes main points and places those results in the context of the big picture
point 1 point 2 point 3 point 4 point 5 point 6 point 7 point 8
point 1 point 7
Summary Big Picture
SLIDE 27 Presentations can be viewed from three stylistic perspectives
Structure and Speech Delivery
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Visual Aids
SLIDE 28
One type of visual aid that deserves reflection is the presentation slide
SLIDE 29 Audiences remember more when you use well-designed slides
10 20 30 40 50 60
Recall (%) Hear and See See Hear
SLIDE 30 Audiences remember more when you use well-designed slides
10 20 30 40 50 60
Recall (%) Hear and See See Hear
SLIDE 31 Audiences remember more when you use well-designed slides
10 20 30 40 50 60
Recall (%) Hear and See See Hear
SLIDE 32 Audiences remember more when you use well-designed slides
10 20 30 40 50 60
Recall (%) Hear and See See Hear
SLIDE 33
What information to include? Excluded Included What format to choose?
No matter what type of projection you use, you must make certain decisions
SLIDE 34 Choose a format that is easily read
Arial BOOK ANTIQUA Choose legible type Choose a helpful layout
words words words words words words words words
SLIDE 35 Choose a format that is easily read
Arial BOOK ANTIQUA Choose legible type Choose a helpful layout
words words words words words words words words
SLIDE 36 Choose a format that is easily read
Arial BOOK ANTIQUA Choose legible type Choose a helpful layout
words words words words words words words words
SLIDE 37
Color can distinguish a presentation
SLIDE 38
Color affects how fast the audience can read
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Color affects how fast the audience can read
The color combination that is read most quickly is black on yellow.
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Color affects how fast the audience can read
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Color affects how fast the audience can read
What is important is that the combination has contrast—the one on this slide fails to do so.
SLIDE 42
Color affects how fast the audience can read
SLIDE 43
Color affects how fast the audience can read
Combinations of red, green, and brown are difficult for many people to read
SLIDE 44 Color affects the emotions
SLIDE 45 Color affects the emotions
Avoid having a hot color such as red or
- range as your background color.
SLIDE 46 Headline Body
Recommended here is a sentence-headline design that quickly orients the audience
The sentence headline succinctly states the main assertion of the slide
Body supports with words Body supports with images
compressor combustor turbine
SLIDE 47 Secondary flows enter the primary flow through film-cooling holes and dilution jets
Turbine Vanes
Secondary Flow Primary Flow Secondary Flow Dilution Jet
Combustor Simulator
Film-Cooling Holes
SLIDE 48
What information to include? Excluded Included What format to choose?
No matter what type of projection you use, you must make certain decisions
SLIDE 49
Include slides that accent important details
SLIDE 50 Include slides that accent important details
Images
Neptune has three moons
SLIDE 51 Include slides that accent important details
Results
Four warmest years of century 1988 1987 1983 1981 The world is warming
Images
Neptune has three moons
SLIDE 52
Include slides that show organization
Beginning Title Mapping Middle Middle 1 Middle 2 Ending Conclusion
SLIDE 53
Cynthia Schmidt Mechanical Engineering Department University of Texas
Methods to Reduce Sulfur Dioxide Emissions From Coal-Fueled
SLIDE 54 Three classes of methods exist for reducing emissions of sulfur dioxide
post-combustion methods combustion methods pre-combustion methods
SLIDE 55 90% removal capability low capital cost—able to use in existing equipment high operating cost ability to use different grades of coal
separator air inlet cleaned exhaust grid
The most effective combustion method is an atmospheric fluidized bed
SLIDE 56 Percentage Reduction of SO2 coal cleaning coal switching fluidized bed absorption adsorption
25 50 75
40% 40% 80% 90% 95% 80%
In summary, by using these methods, coal utilities can greatly reduce SO2 emissions
SLIDE 57 Percentage Reduction of SO2 coal cleaning coal switching fluidized bed absorption adsorption
25 50 75
40% 40% 80% 90% 95% 80%
In summary, by using these methods, coal utilities can greatly reduce SO2 emissions Questions?
SLIDE 58
Exclude details that the audience does not need or cannot remember
SLIDE 59 Avoid filler information Roentgen discovered x-rays in 1895. He found that a cathode-ray tube produced fluorescence in a distant plati- num-barium-cyanide screen.
Exclude details that the audience does not need or cannot remember
SLIDE 60 Avoid filler information Roentgen discovered x-rays in 1895. He found that a cathode-ray tube produced fluorescence in a distant plati- num-barium-cyanide screen. Avoid long lists
- Corrosion
- Acid rain
- Toxic materials
- Pulsed combustion
- Energetic materials
- Pyrogenic materials
- Smog
Exclude details that the audience does not need or cannot remember
SLIDE 61 Avoid complex images
DEAR- ATOR HOT WELL
RGF A B Avoid filler information Roentgen discovered x-rays in 1895. He found that a cathode-ray tube produced fluorescence in a distant plati- num-barium-cyanide screen. Avoid long lists
- Corrosion
- Acid rain
- Toxic materials
- Pulsed combustion
- Energetic materials
- Pyrogenic materials
- Smog
Exclude details that the audience does not need or cannot remember
SLIDE 62 Presentations can be viewed from three stylistic perspectives
Structure and Speech Delivery
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Visual Aids
SLIDE 63 Delivery is the speaker’s interaction with the audience
Voice
AIP
SLIDE 64 Delivery is the speaker’s interaction with the audience
Voice
AIP
Movement
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SLIDE 65 Delivery is the speaker’s interaction with the audience
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Stage Presence Voice
AIP
Movement
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SLIDE 66
You have several choices for how you deliver your speech
SLIDE 67 You have several choices for how you deliver your speech
Memorizing the Speech + allows eye contact
- difficult for long speeches
- room for precision errors
- no room for improvising
SLIDE 68 You have several choices for how you deliver your speech
Memorizing the Speech + allows eye contact
- difficult for long speeches
- room for precision errors
- no room for improvising
Reading From a Text + ensures precision
- does not sound natural
- no room for improvising
- hinders eye contact
SLIDE 69 You have several choices for how you deliver your speech
Memorizing the Speech + allows eye contact
- difficult for long speeches
- room for precision errors
- no room for improvising
Reading From a Text + ensures precision
- does not sound natural
- no room for improvising
- hinders eye contact
Winging It + sounds natural
SLIDE 70 You have several choices for how you deliver your speech
Memorizing the Speech + allows eye contact
- difficult for long speeches
- room for precision errors
- no room for improvising
Reading From a Text + ensures precision
- does not sound natural
- no room for improvising
- hinders eye contact
Winging It + sounds natural
Speaking From Slides + insures organization + allows eye contact + allows improvising
SLIDE 71 In summary, you can improve by practicing and by critiquing the presentations of others
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Linus Pauling Chien-Shiung Wu
AIP
Richard Feynman
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