The Birth, Life, Death & Reincarnation of a One-Time Use Camera - - PDF document

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The Birth, Life, Death & Reincarnation of a One-Time Use Camera - - PDF document

Aug 01, 2023 94 likes •255 views

The Birth, Life, Death & Reincarnation of a One-Time Use Camera Camera Mark V. Martin Acting Assistant Professor Stanford University The Reverse Supply Chain: Product Recovery The Reverse Supply Chain: Product Recovery, Re-use &

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The Birth, Life, Death & Reincarnation of a One-Time Use Camera Camera

Mark V. Martin Acting Assistant Professor Stanford University The Reverse Supply Chain: Product Recovery The Reverse Supply Chain: Product Recovery, Re-use & Remanufacturing November 4, 1999

One-Time Use (OTU) Camera *

* Older model

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OTU: This is your life!

  • Ancestors

(History)

  • Birth

(Manufacturing)

  • Life & Death

(Consumer Usage)

  • Reincarnation

(Recycling)

– Success! – Why is Kodak Successful? – Possible Negatives of Recycling

Ancestors

(History)

  • When was the recyclable camera introduced?
  • When was the recyclable camera introduced?

– 1888

  • Fuji introduced a disposable in 1986

– 110 film

  • Kodak introduced one in 1987

Kodak introduced one in 1987

  • Kodak recycling began approx. 1988

Fact: The OTU camera is a $2.6 billion business

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Birth to Reincarnation Overview

Reincarnation Birth Death Life Death

Birth

EK Injection Molding Dept EK OTU Assembly Dept

Plastics shredding

Kodak Factory

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Birth

EK Injection Molding Dept Suppliers Suppliers Electronics Batteries EK OTU Assembly Dept Suppliers

Plastics shredding

Metal parts

Kodak Factory

Birth

EK Injection Molding Dept Suppliers Suppliers Assembly Sub- Contractors

Inspection

Electronics Batteries Main Sub- assembly IM Parts EK OTU Assembly Dept Suppliers

Plastics shredding

Metal parts

Kodak Factory

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Life

EK Injection Molding Dept Suppliers Suppliers Assembly Sub- Contractors

Inspection

Electronics Batteries Main Sub- assembly IM Parts EK OTU Assembly Dept Suppliers Distribution

Plastics shredding

Metal parts Cameras Cameras

Kodak Factory

Retailers Consumers Cameras

Life

EK Injection Molding Dept Suppliers Suppliers Assembly Sub- Contractors

Inspection

Electronics Batteries Main Sub- assembly IM Parts EK OTU Assembly Dept Suppliers Distribution

Plastics shredding

Metal parts Cameras Cameras

Kodak Factory

Retailers Consumers Cameras

Lost,Thrown away, Film removed

Camera

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Death

EK Injection Molding Dept Suppliers Suppliers Assembly Sub- Contractors

Inspection

Electronics Batteries Main Sub- assembly IM Parts EK OTU Assembly Dept Suppliers Distribution Shipping

Plastics shredding

Metal parts Cameras Cameras

Kodak Factory

Retailers Consumers Photo- Processors Used Camera Used Cameras Cameras

Lost,Thrown away, Film removed

Camera

Death

EK Injection Molding Dept Suppliers Suppliers Assembly Sub- Contractors

Inspection

Electronics Batteries Main Sub- assembly IM Parts EK OTU Assembly Dept Suppliers Distribution Shipping

Plastics shredding

Metal parts Cameras Cameras Consumers B tt i

Kodak Factory

Retailers Consumers Photo- Processors Used Camera Used Cameras Reloaders Batteries Used Cameras Cameras

Lost,Thrown away, Film removed

Camera

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EK Injection Molding Dept Suppliers Suppliers Assembly Sub- Contractors

Inspection

Electronics Batteries Main Sub- assembly IM Parts EK OTU Assembly Dept

Dis-Assembly Sub-Contractors

Suppliers Distribution Shipping

Plastics shredding

Metal parts Cameras Cameras Used Cameras Consumers B tt i

Kodak Factory

Reincarnation

Retailers Consumers Photo- Processors Used Camera Used Cameras Reloaders Batteries Used Cameras Cameras

Lost,Thrown away, Film removed

Camera EK Injection Molding Dept Suppliers Suppliers Assembly Sub- Contractors

Inspection

Electronics Batteries Main Sub- assembly IM Parts Main Sub-assembly EK OTU Assembly Dept

Dis-Assembly Sub-Contractors

Suppliers Distribution Shipping

Plastics shredding

Metal parts Cameras Cameras Used Cameras Consumers B tt i

Kodak Factory

Reincarnation

Retailers Consumers Photo- Processors Used Camera Used Cameras Reloaders Batteries Used Cameras Cameras

Lost,Thrown away, Film removed

Camera

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EK Injection Molding Dept Suppliers Suppliers Assembly Sub- Contractors

Inspection

Electronics Batteries Main Sub- assembly IM Parts Main Sub-assembly Batteries Front & Back case, broken cameras EK OTU Assembly Dept

Dis-Assembly Sub-Contractors

Suppliers Distribution Shipping Charities

Plastics shredding

Metal parts broken cameras Cameras Cameras Used Cameras Consumers B tt i

Kodak Factory

Reincarnation

Retailers Consumers Photo- Processors Used Camera Used Cameras Reloaders Batteries Used Cameras Cameras

Lost,Thrown away, Film removed

Camera

Recycling

Fact: 1 of every 8 amateur photos is taken with a OTU

  • 250 million Kodak cameras recycled (‘87-’99)

– Receive 300K/day = 625/hr (WW) – Over 40 million pounds of waste diversion

  • Return rate is 72% for U.S., 60% WW

,

– Higher than aluminum cans – Programs in over 20 countries

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Recycling

Given to charity Plastic recycled

86% of camera is recyclable (average)

Metal recycled Plastic recycled Reused

Why is OTU Recycling so Successful at Kodak?

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Why is OTU Camera Recycling so Successful at ?

  • Kodak had to do it
  • First cameras were not recycled
  • Environmental organizations pressured

Kodak

Why is OTU Camera Recycling so Successful at ?

  • Worth is high

g

– Electronics – Molded parts l T h l Technology is not obsolete 1  cycle return Consumer cycle Technology

years 0.5 cycle return Consumer years 3 cycle Technology  

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Packaging Material

Containers Home appliances

g

Technology & Return Cycle Matrix *

~7-10 years

chnology Cycle

I III IV

Packaging Material Aluminum/Steel Cans Bottles Refrigerator Washing Machine Vacuum Cleaner Television Machine Tools Semiconductor Equip

Automobile

Printer OTU Camera

Office Products

long

Mfg Equipment

Automobile

~2-4 yrs

Consumer Return Cycle Tec

II III

Computer Copier

short short long

* Modified from Rose et al, 1998

Why is OTU Camera Recycling so Successful at ?

  • Costs are low

– Takeback is inexpensive

  • “Short” reverse supply chain
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Why is OTU Camera Recycling so Successful at ?

  • Costs are low

– Disassembly is inexpensive

  • Easy to breakdown

P t l

Costs are low

– Takeback is inexpensive

  • “Short” reverse supply chain
  • Parts are clean

– Quality of parts is high

  • No extra effort required from the Customer!

– This is partially a cost issue.

Possible Negatives (for company)

  • f Product Recycling
  • New industry is born: “Reloaders”

– Reloaders buy the cameras from processors & put new film in

  • Problem with reloaders:

– Eat into market share due to lower costs R d d b f l d t t K d k – Reduced number of recycled parts to Kodak – Poor quality can give Kodak a bad name

  • Solution to reloaders

– Make it costlier to reload

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Solution to Reloaders: Make It Costlier to Reload

  • Nonstandard interface b/t film and

/ thumbwheel (can’t use store-bought film)

Solution to Reloaders: Make It Costlier to Reload

  • Back case yields when opening (requires injection

y p g ( q j molding new piece)

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Possible Negatives of Product Recycling

  • Recycling makes it difficult to implement

y g p manufacturing changes

Example:

Wires on older Flash camera were shortened