SLIDE 1 Th The R Rol
ities a and nd Stat ates/Territ rritor
ies in Shaping ping a Robomo mobile Wo World
Transportation Research Board 3rd International Research Seminar on Robomobility 16 September 2020
SLIDE 2 U.S. Federal Government
- Debated but did not enact automated vehicle
legislation: the AV START Act (American Vision for Safer Transportation trough Advancement
- f Revolutionary Technologies Act)
– Bill originates in the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation
- AV 4.0 is the latest set of “principles” for
automated vehicle development
- In reality, little federal role
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SLIDE 4
SLIDE 5 U.S. Federal and state roles
- Federal: regulate the vehicle
– Vehicle testing and safety standards – Vehicle emissions standards
- States: regulate the driver
– Driver licensing – Driver insurance requirements
- These roles are beginning to blur
SLIDE 6 States and AVs
- 5 states simply authorize a study, define key
terms or state contacts, or authorize funding
- 12 states authorize testing, while 16 states
and the District of Columbia authorize full
- deployment. Of these, 18 states now allow
testing or deployment without a human
- perator in the vehicle.
- 4 states regulate truck platooning.
Source: Governors Highway Safety Association
SLIDE 7
States regulate insurance
Some states require liability insurance for testing automated vehicles; some do not For states that do require the insurance, most common amount is $5 million
SLIDE 8 City and state infrastructure
- Nearly all roads in the US are owned and
maintained by either a state, a county, or a city
- Design and maintenance standards vary
- Automated vehicles need infrastructure that is
standardized as much as possible
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Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
SLIDE 10
A Pennsylvania Specialty
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Unique city intersections
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Every state road sign is different
SLIDE 13 Road maintenance varies
- Road maintenance varies because of:
– Climate – Budget – Traffic volumes – Regional politics – Population trends – Regional industry
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Road maintenance varies
SLIDE 15
Phoenix, Arizona
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California
Los Angeles, California
SLIDE 17
Highway interchanges
Los Angeles, CA Dallas, TX
SLIDE 18
Automation in Cities
The most common automation issue that cities control is traffic enforcement.
– Red light cameras – Speed cameras – Bus lane cameras
However, some states do not allow cities to set their own automated camera programs.
SLIDE 19 City considerations for AVs
- Many laws that AVs must follow are set by
cities:
– Speed limits – Bicycle passing distances – Requirements to yield to pedestrians
- Cities need to be involved in the development
- f AV specifications and policies
SLIDE 20 Parking in cities
- All cities establish parking regulations
– Some cities have minimums – Some cities have maximums
- Some cities own and operate parking
– Philadelphia has parking revenue of $36 million – NYC issues 30,000+ parking tickets each day – Los Angeles earns $250 million from parking violations
SLIDE 21 COVID-19’s Effects on AVs
Technolo
y Develop lopment
- Fundamentals
- Component performance
and development
- System level simulation
- Physical testing protocols
- Investment
Deplo loym yment
- Rethinking use cases
- User behavior and
preferences
– Riskier driver behavior prior to stay-at-home orders – Decreased use of transit and ridehailing – Protocols/risk mitigation measures
SLIDE 22
Katherine Kortum Senior Program Officer Transportation Research Board kkortum@nas.edu
