Temporal Variation in Leaf Litter Invertebrates Available to - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Temporal Variation in Leaf Litter Invertebrates Available to - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Nov 06, 2023 197 likes •509 views

Temporal Variation in Leaf Litter Invertebrates Available to Plethodon cinereus Zachary Barker Dr. Tanya Matlaga & Dr. Carlos Iudica Plethodon cinereus Slender woodland salamander Lungless salamander Ash color with red/orange

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SLIDE 1

Temporal Variation in Leaf Litter Invertebrates Available to Plethodon cinereus

Zachary Barker

  • Dr. Tanya Matlaga & Dr. Carlos Iudica
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SLIDE 2

Plethodon cinereus

  • Slender woodland salamander
  • Lungless salamander
  • Ash color with red/orange stripe

middorsal (can exhibit a lead phase)

  • Males
  • 42.3mm SVL and 83mm ToL

(average)

  • Females
  • 44mm SVL and 83mm ToL

(average)

(Hulse et al. 2001)

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SLIDE 3

Life History

  • Activity
  • Live under rocks, logs, leaf litter, small burrows

(Frisbie and Wyman, 1991)

  • 10% active on surface(Taub, 1961)
  • Approx. 1 animal/m2

(Heatwole, 1962)

  • Development
  • Terrestrial
  • Direct Development (Burger, 1935)
  • Lifespan
  • Plethodontid salamanders- 32 years (Hairston, 1983)
  • P. jordani- 9.8 years (Hairston, 1983)
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SLIDE 4

Laura Blackburn, Priya Nanjappa, and Michael J. Lannoo (2001) US Amphibian Dist. Maps (http://home.bsu.edu/home/00mjlannoo/)

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SLIDE 5

Why Study P. cinereus?

  • Important components to the

trophic structure in some forests (Burton and Likens,1975)

  • High efficiency in converting

consumed energy to biomass (60%) (Burton and Likens,1975)

  • May equal the amount of

biomass of mice and shrews

(Burton and Likens,1975)

  • Common species, easy to

find and study

  • They can be marked to

identify individuals

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SLIDE 6

Why Study Invertebrates?

  • P. cinereus prey on several different types
  • f invertebrates:
  • Termites, flies, earthworms, spiders,

springtails and more (Cockran, 1911)

  • Give insight to P. cinereus activity
  • General knowledge of species to species

relationships

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SLIDE 7

Questions to be Answered

  • Does diversity of leaf litter invertebrates available

to P. cinereus differ temporally though the year?

  • What is the phenology of invertebrate diversity?
  • Does moisture content play a role in activity?
  • Does the abundance of invertebrates have a

relationship with abundance of salamanders?

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SLIDE 8

Hypothesis

  • When P. cinereus are more active, the invertebrate diversity

will be lower

  • Predictions
  • Invertebrate diversity will fluctuate due to phenology
  • Depending on leaf litter moisture content, we expect to see a

difference in the number of invertebrates

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SLIDE 9

Site Description

  • Camp Karoondinha
  • Eastern deciduous forest
  • 3 Sites with 3 plots each
  • Each plot, 50 cover boards

councils.scouting.org

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SLIDE 10

Image from Google Maps

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SLIDE 11

Methodology: P. cinereus

  • Collect salamanders
  • Determine if it has

been marked

  • If so: recapture
  • If not: new capture
  • Measure SVL & ToL
  • Determine sex
  • Count eggs
  • Mark with VIE (visible

implant elastomer) under each limb

  • Abiotic Measurements
  • Air and soil temp
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SLIDE 12

Methodology: Invertebrates

  • Field Sampling
  • Random sampling
  • 20cm x 20cm samples
  • 3 samples per plot (n=27)
  • Collect down to organic layer of soil

20cm 20cm

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SLIDE 13

Methodology: Invertebrates

  • Berlese Funnel Methods
  • Weigh samples
  • 3 times (Wet, Dry 1, Dry 2)
  • In funnel for one week
  • Collect invertebrate

samples in alcohol

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SLIDE 14

Methodology: Invertebrates

  • Analysis and Quantification of Invertebrates
  • Using a dissecting scope
  • Identify to taxonomic order
  • Quantity
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SLIDE 15

Analysis- Summary of Data

  • 9 plots (3 in each of 3 sites)
  • Multiple sampling dates:
  • 6 in spring, 6 in fall
  • Biotic measures:
  • salamander activity (number found/plot)
  • Invertebrate diversity (per plot)
  • Abiotic measures:
  • Leaf litter moisture, air temperature, soil temperature
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SLIDE 16

Analysis- Summary of Data

  • 9 plots (3 in each of 3 sites)
  • Multiple sampling dates:
  • 6 in spring, 6 in fall
  • Biotic measures:
  • salamander activity (number found/plot)
  • Invertebrate diversity (per plot)
  • Abiotic measures:
  • Leaf litter moisture, air temperature, soil temperature

Shannon –Wiener Index

  • f Diversity: species

richness and the proportion of each species

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SLIDE 17

Analysis- Summary of Data

  • 9 plots (3 in each of 3 sites)
  • Multiple sampling dates:
  • 6 in spring, 6 in fall
  • Biotic measures:
  • salamander activity (number found/plot)
  • Invertebrate diversity (per plot)
  • Abiotic measures:
  • Leaf litter moisture, air temperature, soil temperature

Shannon –Wiener Index

  • f Diversity: species

richness and the proportion of each species Correlation Coefficients: strength of the relationship between invertebrates and P. cinereus activity

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SLIDE 18

Analysis- Summary of Data

  • 9 plots (3 in each of 3 sites)
  • Multiple sampling dates:
  • 6 in spring, 6 in fall
  • Biotic measures:
  • salamander activity (number found/plot)
  • Invertebrate diversity (per plot)
  • Abiotic measures:
  • Leaf litter moisture, air temperature, soil temperature

Shannon –Wiener Index

  • f Diversity: species

richness and the proportion of each species Correlation Coefficients: strength of the relationship between invertebrates and P. cinereus activity Analysis of Variance (ANOVA): how invertebrate diversity varies by site and sampling date

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SLIDE 19

Preliminary Results

Diversity and Abundances of Invertebrates

Oribatida (mites) Collembola (springtials) Mesostigmatida (mites) Trombidiformes (mites) Opilioacarida (mites) Araneida (spiders) Diplopoda (millipedes) Chilopoda (centipede) Hymenoptera Diptera (flies) Pseudoscorpionida Larvae Unidentified

http://people.stfx.ca/btaylor/Biology%20 474/Images/Animals/mesostigmatid%2 0mites%20good%202.jpg http://www.pbase.com/tmurray74/image/152315738

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SLIDE 20

4/2 4/17 5/7 9/12 9/24 10/7

3,000.00 2,000.00 1,000.00 0.00 Sample Site

CH CO ECO

Sampling Date Mean Number of Invertebrates

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SLIDE 21

Number of Salamanders Number of Invertebrates

Sample Site

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SLIDE 22

4/2 4/17 5/7 9/12 9/24 10/7

Sampling Date Average Number of Invertebrates per g of Dry Leaf Litter

Sample Site

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SLIDE 23

Sample Site

Sampling Date Mean Number of Invertebrates

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SLIDE 24

4/2 4/17 5/7 9/12 9/24 10/7

Sampling Date

Sample Site

Estimated Marginal Means

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SLIDE 25

51% 47% 0% 2% 1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

ECO April 2, 2014

Acari (mites) Collembola Pseudoscorpionida Araneae Hemiptera Hymenoptera Coleoptera Diptera Class Diplopoda Class Chilopoda Opilioacarida Larvae Snail Unidentifiable Thysanoptera (thrip) Class Pauropoda Psocoptera (psocids) Blattodea Haplotaxida Orthoptera

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SLIDE 26

87% 12% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

ECO May 7, 2014

Acari (mites) Collembola Pseudoscorpionida Araneae Hemiptera Hymenoptera Coleoptera Diptera Class Diplopoda Class Chilopoda Opilioacarida Larvae Snail Unidentifiable Thysanoptera (thrip) Class Pauropoda Psocoptera (psocids) Blattodea Haplotaxida Orthoptera

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SLIDE 27

90% 9% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

ECO September 24, 2014

Acari (mites) Collembola Pseudoscorpionida Araneae Hemiptera Hymenoptera Coleoptera Diptera Class Diplopoda Class Chilopoda Opilioacarida Larvae Snail Unidentifiable Thysanoptera (thrip) Class Pauropoda Psocoptera (psocids) Blattodea Haplotaxida Orthoptera

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SLIDE 28
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SLIDE 29

Questions and Acknowledgments

  • Penn State University
  • Dr. David Miller
  • David Munez
  • Susquehanna University Biology Department and Facilities
  • Camp Karoondinha