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Lexical Semantic Evolution
- f Polysemous Words in
Contents
2
PART 1
Introduction Previous Studies
PART 2
Data Collection & Analysis
PART 3
Conclusion & Future Work
PART 4
Taking Zu as an Example Contents Introduction PART 1 Previous - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Taking Zu as an Example Contents Introduction PART 1 Previous - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Lexical Semantic Evolution of Polysemous Words in Ancient Chinese Taking Zu as an Example Contents Introduction PART 1 Previous Studies PART 2 Data Collection & Analysis PART 3 Conclusion & Future Work PART 4 2 Introduction
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3
Introduction
related papers
Ｍodern Chinese
closely related to our daily life
“走, walking”
Zǒu
- Ancient
Chinese
- Explore the
polysemy
- f Zǒu in
Chinese from different angles
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4
Previous Studies Zǒu
striding away with two arms
Ge, Ben-Yi. “Introduction to Linguistics”
Zǒu
walk
走 Xíng
walking step by step
- n two feet alternately
行
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Previous Studies
Escape Táo (逃) Move Yídòng (移動) Run ↓ Walk Pǎo(跑) ↓ Zǒu(走) Go through Jīngguò (經過) Leave Líkāi (離開)
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Research topics
To analyze the diachronic evolution of the polysemy “walk”(zǒu) semantics, as well as the basic and extended meanings.
Research Question 1
Metaphor and Metonymy
The semantic relevance of the ancient Chinese word “walk”(zǒu) and how is it extended?
Research Question 2
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Data Collection
http://lingcorpus.iis.sinica.edu.tw/ancient/
Academia Sinica Tagged Corpus of Old Chinese
1
http://lingcorpus.iis.sinica.edu.tw/middle/
Academia Sinica Tagged Corpus of Middle Chinese
2
http://lingcorpus.iis.sinica.edu.tw/early/
Academia Sinica Tagged Corpus of Early Mandarin Chinese
3
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Data Collection
http://lingcorpus.iis.sinica.edu.tw/ancient/
Academia Sinica Tagged Corpus of Old Chinese
1
- pre-Qin to Western Han
- The Records of the Grand Historian
“Shǐjì” (史記)
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Data Collection
- Eastern Han to the Wei, Jin, the
Southern and Northern Dynasties
- Anecdotes About Spirits and Immortals
“Sōu shén jì” (搜神記)
- A New Account of Tales of the World
“Shì shuō xīnyǔ”(世說新語)
http://lingcorpus.iis.sinica.edu.tw/middle/
Academia Sinica Tagged Corpus of Middle Chinese
2
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Data Collection
- after the Tang and the Five
Dynasties
- Journey to the West (西遊記)
http://lingcorpus.iis.sinica.edu.tw/early/
Academia Sinica Tagged Corpus of Early Mandarin Chinese
3
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219 records
The Records of the Grand Historian “Shǐjì” (史記)
Data Collection
- Anecdotes About Spirits and Immortals
“Sōu shén jì” (搜神記)
- A New Account of Tales of the World
“Shì shuō xīnyǔ” (世說新語)
51 and 7 records respectively
Journey to the West “Xīyóu jì” (西遊記)
1171 records
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Data Analysis –
The Lexical Semantic Evolution of Zǒu in Ancient Chinese
Old Chinese Corpus
(219 records)
8
1.Escape 2.Leave 3.Go 4.Seek refuge 5.Move 6.Run 7.Walk 8.Attack
Middle Chinese Corpus
(51 and 7 records respectively)
5
1.Run 2.Escape 3.Walk 4.Move 5.Leave
Early Modern Chinese Corpus
(1171 records)
12
1.Walk 2.Leave 3.Move 4.Escape 5.Leak 6.Go 7.Run 8.Pass 9.Lost 10.Go through 11.Dissipate 12.Change
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The Records of the Grand Historian “Shǐjì” (old Chinese corpus) Anecdotes About Spirits and Immortals “Sōu shén jì” A New Account of Tales of the World “Shì shuō xīnyǔ” (middle Chinese corpus) Journey to the West (early modern Chinese corpus) bùxíng (步行, walk) 4 5 464 líkāi (離開, leave) 22 1 311 yídòng (移動, move) 8 1 208 táo (逃, escape) 147 15 105 xièlòu (洩漏, leak) 24 qiánwǎng (前往, go to) 15 18 pǎo (跑, run) 12 36 16 jīngguò (經過, go through) 10 diūshī (丟失, lost) 6 chuándì (傳遞, pass) 3 gōngjí (攻擊, attact) 4 3 sànshī (散失, dissipate) 2 zhuǎnbiàn (轉變, change) 1 tóubēn (投奔, seek refuge) 7 Total 219 58 1171
Table 1. Lexical Semantic distribution of Zǒu “走, walking” in ancient, middle and modern times.
The number
- f occurrences
Corpus Semantis
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Table 2. metaphor and metonymy of Zǒu “走, walking” in ancient, middle and modern times
Data Analysis –
The Metaphor and Metonymy of Ancient Zǒu “走, walking”
Core-meaning Metaphor Metonymy Old Chinese corpus escape attack, seek refuge leave, go to, run, move, walk Middle Chinese corpus run escape, move, walk, leave Early Modern Chinese corpus walk leak, lost, pass, dissipate, change leave, move, escape, go to, run, go through
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Data Analysis –
The Metaphor of Ancient Zǒu “走, walking”
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只說是他自不小心，走了火，將我禪堂都燒了。 （西遊記/第十六回）“Zhǐ shuō shì tā zì bù xiǎoxīn, zǒule huǒ, jiāng wǒ chántáng dōu shāole. ”(Xīyóu jì/dì shíliù huí) (All he said was that he was careless, putting a fire and burning my Zen Hall.)（The Journey to The West/The 16th chapter)
「走」 了 火
“leak”
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Data Analysis –
The Metaphor of Ancient Zǒu “走, walking”
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行者道：「老官，走了牛也！走了牛也！」 （西遊記/第五十二回）“Xíngzhě dào: Lǎo guān, zǒule niú yě! Zǒule niú yě!”(Xīyóu jì/dì wǔshí'èr huí) (The pedestrian said, “Old man, you have lost the cow! You have lost the cow!” )（The Journey to The West/The 52nd chapter）
「走」 了 牛
“lost”
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有二赤蛇，可長二尺，分南北走。（新校搜神記/卷九） “Yǒu èr chì shé, kě cháng èr chǐ, fēn nánběi zǒu.” (Xīn xiào sōu shén jì/juǎn jiǔ) (Two red snakes, about two feet long, crawled south and north respectively. )（Anecdotes About Spirits and Immortals/Vol. 9th）
分 南 北 「走」
“leave”
Data Analysis –
The Metonymy of Ancient Zǒu “走, walking”
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Data Analysis –
The Metonymy of Ancient Zǒu “走, walking”
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乃兩個狼頭妖怪，朗朗的說著話，向西北上走。 （西遊記/第八十九回）“Nǎi liǎng gè láng tou yāoguài, lǎnglǎng de shuōzhe huà, xiàng xīběi shàng zǒu. ” (Xīyóu jì/dì bāshíjiǔ huí) (The two wolf-headed monsters spoke loudly and headed northwest. )（The Journey to The West/The 89th chapter）
向 西 北 上 「走」
“move”
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Conclusion
From ancient times to modern times, the meaning
- f walking evolved from
running to walking The metonymy of Zǒu “走, walking” conforms to some part of "starting point → path → end point“ The metaphor of Zǒu “走, walking includes the whole process of "start point → path → end point" Modern Corpus Complete understanding of the semantic context changes of Zǒu “走, walking”
Future Work
Conclusion & Future Work
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