Taking the Teeth Out of Canine Distemper Virus - PDF document

Taking the Teeth Out of Canine Distemper Virus July 21, 2016 ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Taking the Teeth Out of Canine Distemper Virus ___________________________________ Sandra Newbury, DVM Director ___________________________________ University of Wisconsin-Madison Shelter Medicine Program UW School of Veterinary Medicine www.uwsheltermedicine.com ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Many thanks to Maddie ’ s ___________________________________ Fund and the ASPCA for funding diagnostic testing that ___________________________________ has helped us work with ___________________________________ shelters to develop lifesaving approaches to responding to ___________________________________ canine distemper! ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ CDV ___________________________________ ___________________________________ • Enveloped RNA virus • Relatively easy to kill ___________________________________ • Dogs and ferrets are susceptible • Raccoons and other wildlife species ___________________________________ • Not the same as feline “ distemper ” (aka panleukopenia) ___________________________________ ___________________________________ pg. 1

Taking the Teeth Out of Canine Distemper Virus July 21, 2016 ___________________________________ Clinical signs ___________________________________ • Individual Animal ___________________________________ • “ Herd ” signs ___________________________________ • No signs • Sub-clinical or inapparent infections • Wide range of affected systems ___________________________________ • Range of severity ___________________________________ • Many (most) dogs will recover ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Neurologic and Ocular Signs ___________________________________ • Seizures ___________________________________ – Grand mal – “ Chewing gum ” ___________________________________ • Squinting / blinking • Uveitis ___________________________________ • Ocular discharge ___________________________________ • Prognosis falls once neuro signs develop ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Respiratory Disease ___________________________________ • Nasal / Ocular ___________________________________ discharge • Sneezing ___________________________________ • Coughing • Dyspnea (trouble breathing) ___________________________________ • Pneumonia • Secondary pneumonia ___________________________________ ___________________________________ pg. 2

Taking the Teeth Out of Canine Distemper Virus July 21, 2016 ___________________________________ Gastrointestinal and Skin ___________________________________ Disease • GI SIGNS ___________________________________ – Diarrhea – Vomiting – Anorexia ___________________________________ – Wasting • SKIN ___________________________________ – Pustular Dermatitis • Rash – Nasal and Digital Hyperkeratosis ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ “Herd” signs ___________________________________ • Unusual or high number ___________________________________ of dogs affected with “ Kennel Cough ” • Pneumonia ___________________________________ • Some dogs progress to neurologic disease ___________________________________ • Post-adoption reports of neurologic disease • Puppies who progress to ___________________________________ neurologic disease ___________________________________ ___________________________________ How frequently do you see it? ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Constant level Outbreaks ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Many isolated cases Rare Isolated cases ___________________________________ Almost never or never ___________________________________ pg. 3

Taking the Teeth Out of Canine Distemper Virus July 21, 2016 ___________________________________ 1-6 week Incubation ___________________________________ Fever spike 3-6 days post infection ___________________________________ Week Week Week 1 2 3 4 5 6 ___________________________________ 0 ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Exposure / Most common Infection onset of illness ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Transmission ___________________________________ • Highly contagious! ___________________________________ • Routes of infection – Direct ___________________________________ – Aerosol – Fomite ___________________________________ – Environment (less likely) – No Zoonosis ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Direct, most common ___________________________________ ___________________________________ • How do you define direct? • Co-housing • Improperly used housing, ___________________________________ guillotine doors down • Tie outs for cleaning • Yards during cleaning ___________________________________ • Admitting areas • Play groups? ___________________________________ ___________________________________ pg. 4

Taking the Teeth Out of Canine Distemper Virus July 21, 2016 ___________________________________ Aerosol Transmission ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ • Up to 20 feet distance* ___________________________________ ___________________________________ *Max Appel, Cornell University, 2006 ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Fomite over short distances ___________________________________ ___________________________________ • Staff and volunteer handling ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Environment: Co-mingling ___________________________________ “Reservoir Dogs” ___________________________________ 5 3 4 4 2 ___________________________________ 4 2 3 ? 1 ___________________________________ 5 3 4 ___________________________________ ___________________________________ pg. 5

Taking the Teeth Out of Canine Distemper Virus July 21, 2016 ___________________________________ Shedding ___________________________________ ___________________________________ • Inapparent or sub-clinical shedding possible in exposed dogs ___________________________________ • Post-recovery shedding Usually less than 4-6 ___________________________________ weeks ___________________________________ The Furminator ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Long-term PCR positives ___________________________________ • Rare but real issue ___________________________________ • Many months past recovery • Does PCR positive = viral ___________________________________ shedding? • Infectious potential is ___________________________________ unknown, but thought to be low ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Susceptibility? ___________________________________ • Many dogs are susceptible ___________________________________ on intake • Varies by community • Primarily serologic ___________________________________ response • Puppies under 16 – 20 ___________________________________ weeks of age assumed to be susceptible • Maternal Antibodies ___________________________________ 7/11 (64%) susceptible to CDV ___________________________________ pg. 6

Taking the Teeth Out of Canine Distemper Virus July 21, 2016 ___________________________________ Which dog is susceptible? ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Vaccination ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ≠ • Key to prevention • Almost a magic bullet! ___________________________________ • But not quite. ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Vaccine handling!! ___________________________________ ___________________________________ • Mix just before use • Don ’ t allow to sit even at room temperature ___________________________________ • Most important for CDV • Drawback of having a ___________________________________ virus that is easy to kill ___________________________________ ___________________________________ pg. 7