SYNOPTIC AND SATELLITE PARAMETERS IN THE ANALYSIS OF LARGE FOREST - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Satellite products in the fire analysis Analysis of forest fire on island of Braˇ c Conclusion References SYNOPTIC AND SATELLITE PARAMETERS IN THE ANALYSIS OF LARGE FOREST FIRES IN CROATIA Barbara Vodari´ c, Nataˇ sa Strelec Mahovi´ c Biha´ c, April 28, 2014.

Satellite products in the fire analysis Analysis of forest fire on island of Braˇ c Conclusion References 1 Satellite products in the fire analysis MODIS Land - SAF 2 Analysis of forest fire on island of Braˇ c Satellite products 3 Conclusion

Satellite products in the fire analysis Analysis of forest fire on island of Braˇ c Conclusion References Satellite products in the fire analysis Used for detecting and locating fires in sparsely populated areas. Analysis of the size of the fire and its consequences. Alerting for the greater probability of fire in some areas. In presented analysis satellite products are used from: MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer) on board of polar-orbiting satellites Terra and Aqua, Land SAF products measured by radiometer SEVIRI (Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager) on board of geostationary satellite MSG (Meteosat Second Generation).

Satellite products in the fire analysis Analysis of forest fire on island of Braˇ c Conclusion References MODIS MODIS Characteristics: Altitude of 705 km. 100 min orbital period. Wavelength range from 0 . 4 ➭ m to 14 . 4 ➭ m in 36 spectral bands. Spatial resolution of 250 m, 500 m or 1000 m, depending on the product or the spectral region. Aqua Terra Image source: https://www.wolframalpha.com/

Satellite products in the fire analysis Analysis of forest fire on island of Braˇ c Conclusion References Land - SAF Land - SAF Land-SAF (The Satellite Application Facility for Land Surface Analysis) is part of SAF network, organized by the members of EUMETSAT (European Organization for the Explotation of Meteorological Satellites). Radiometer SEVIRI (Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager) on board of geostationary satellite MSG (Meteosat Second Generation). MSG captures the Earth’s surface and atmosphere with a temporal resolution of 15 minutes and a spatial resolution of 3 km in nadir.

Satellite products in the fire analysis Analysis of forest fire on island of Braˇ c Conclusion References MODIS & Land - SAF Fire detection and monitoring Wildfire can develop a temperature of 500 K to 1200 K. Planck’s law Fire − → Mid - IR 3 to 5 ➭ m Earth − → Long - IR 10 to 11 ➭ m MOD14A1/MYD14A1 FD&M T 4 > 360 K (330 K night); T b 3 , 9 ≥ 315 K and ∆ T ≥ 10 K for SZA ≤ 70 ◦ ; T 4 > 330 K (315 K night) T b 3 , 9 ≥ 313 K and ∆ T ≥ 9 K for 70 ◦ ≤ SZA ≤ 73 ◦ ; and T 4 − T 11 > 25 K T b 3 , 9 ≥ 311 K and ∆ T ≥ 7 K for 73 ◦ ≤ SZA ≤ 76 ◦ ; (10 K night). T b 3 , 9 ≥ 309 K and ∆ T ≥ 5 K for 76 ◦ ≤ SZA ≤ 79 ◦ ; T b 3 , 9 ≥ 307 K and ∆ T ≥ 4 K for 79 ◦ ≤ SZA ≤ 82 ◦ ; T b 3 , 9 ≥ 306 K and ∆ T ≥ 3 K for 82 ◦ ≤ SZA ≤ 85 ◦ ; T b 3 , 9 ≥ 305 K and ∆ T ≥ 3 K for SZA ≥ 85 ◦ . (Land-SAF, 2009),(Justice et al., 2002)

Satellite products in the fire analysis Analysis of forest fire on island of Braˇ c Conclusion References MODIS & Land - SAF Vegetation Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) NDV I = ρ NIR − ρ R ρ NIR + ρ R Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) ρ NIR − ρ R EV I = 2 , 5 ρ NIR + ρ R + 1 Fraction of Vegetation Cover (FVC) Absorption and reflection of solar radiation P V EG on healthy and unhealthy plants. FV C = P V EG + P G (LSA SAF, 2010), (LSA SAF, 2008), (Weier and Herring, 2000),(Solano et al., 2010),

Satellite products in the fire analysis Analysis of forest fire on island of Braˇ c Conclusion References MODIS & Land - SAF Land surface temperature (LST) Detection of larger fires due to sudden changes in temperature of soil in the given area. In the summer can give a false signal of fire. MOD11A1/MYD11A1 Temporal resolution: 1 day Spatial resolution: 1 km Land - SAF LST Temporal resolution: 15 minutes Spatial resolution: 3 km Land – SAF, LST 15 July 2011, during fire on Braˇ c.

Satellite products in the fire analysis Analysis of forest fire on island of Braˇ c Conclusion References Land - SAF Fire Risk Map In 1987. Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index System (CFFWIS), created indices combining climate elements in the fire risk forecast. FRM (Fire Risk Map) is calculated Fine Fuel Moisture Code (FFMC), using 24, 48 and 72 hour ECMWF forecasts for: Duff Moisture Code (DMC), 2 m temperature , Drought Code (DC), relative humidity , Initial Spread Index (ISI), wind speed 10 m, BuildUp Index (BUI), precipitation 24 h, Fire Weather Index (FWI). vegetation measured by satellites. (de Groot, 1998)

Satellite products in the fire analysis Analysis of forest fire on island of Braˇ c Conclusion References Analysis of forest fire on island of Braˇ c The fire started on the July 14, 2011 on the western side of island of Braˇ c at about 14h local time and was extinguished in the evening of the July 17, 2011. The fire burned down 56 km 2 of pine trees, bushes and low vegetation, vineyards and olive groves (Mifka and Vuˇ ceti´ c, 2012). Image source: http://www.jutarnji.hr

Satellite products in the fire analysis Analysis of forest fire on island of Braˇ c Conclusion References Satellite products Satellite products True Image (RGB combination of channel 1 (0 . 62 – 0 . 67 ➭ m), 4 (0 . 545 – 0 . 565 ➭ m), 3 (0 . 459 – 0 . 479 ➭ m)) on July 15, 2011 from 10:05 to 10:10 UTC. On figure smoke can be seen as a result of fire on Braˇ c.

Satellite products in the fire analysis Analysis of forest fire on island of Braˇ c Conclusion References Satellite products 9 9 8 8 7 7 MOD14A1 6 6 5 5 4 4 3 3 14.07.2011. 15.07.2011. FD&M 14.07.2011. 13:30 h 15.07.2011. 12:45 h

Satellite products in the fire analysis Analysis of forest fire on island of Braˇ c Conclusion References Satellite products 320 320 315 315 310 310 MOD11A1 305 305 300 300 295 295 290 290 285 285 280 280 14.07.2011. Day 14.07.2011. Night 320 320 315 315 MOD11A1 310 310 305 305 300 300 295 295 290 290 285 285 280 280 15.07.2011. Day 15.07.2011. Night Temperature scale: Kelvin (K)

Satellite products in the fire analysis Analysis of forest fire on island of Braˇ c Conclusion References Satellite products LST 14.07.2011. 12:00 UTC 15.07.2011. 03:00 UTC FVC 14.07.2011. 12:00 UTC 16.07.2011. 03:00 UTC

Satellite products in the fire analysis Analysis of forest fire on island of Braˇ c Conclusion References Satellite products 1 1 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 NDVI 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0 0 1 1 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 EVI 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0 0 26.06.2011. – 11.07.2011. 12.07.2011. – 27.07.2011.

Satellite products in the fire analysis Analysis of forest fire on island of Braˇ c Conclusion References Satellite products 0.5 0.5 0.45 0.45 MOD09A1 0.4 0.4 0.35 0.35 0.3 0.3 0.25 0.25 0.2 0.2 0.15 0.15 0.1 0.1 0.05 0.05 0 0 04.07.2011. – 11.07.2011. 12.07.2011. – 19.07.2011.

Satellite products in the fire analysis Analysis of forest fire on island of Braˇ c Conclusion References Conclusion Both polar and geostationary satellites have their advantages and disadvantages in detection and monitoring. Satellite products are more accurate than the products obtained from conventional measurements because they use a larger amount of data in the calculation. Monitoring of the course of fire and accompanying weather conditions allows more accurate and timely warnings for the fire department. Next goal is to verify satellite products for Croatian coastal area.

Satellite products in the fire analysis Analysis of forest fire on island of Braˇ c Conclusion References W. J. de Groot. Interpreting the canadian forest fire weather index (fwi) system. In Proc. of the Fourth Central Region Fire Weather Committee Scientific and Technical Seminar, Edmonton, Canada , 1998. C. Justice, L. Giglio, S. Korontzi, J. Owens, J. Morisette, D. Roy, J. Descloitres, S. Alleaume, F. Petitcolin, and Y. Kaufman. The modis fire products. Remote Sensing of Environment , 83:244–262, 2002. Land-SAF. Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document for Fire detection and Monitoring Product (LSA-29) . Land-SAF; EUMESAT, 0.2 edition, 10 2009. LSA SAF. Vegetation Parameters (FVC, LAI, FAPARR) . LSA SAF, 2.1 edition, 01 2008. LSA SAF. Land Surface Temperature (LST) . LSA SAF, 2.5 edition, 09 2010. B. Mifka and V. Vuˇ ceti´ c. Vremenska analiza za vrijeme velikog ˇ sumskog poˇ zara na otoku braˇ cu od 14. do 17. srpnja 2011. Vatrogastvo i upravljanje poˇ zarima , 1:13–25, 2012. R. Solano, K. Didan, A. Jacobson, and A. Huete. MODIS Vegetation Index User’s Guide (MOD13 Series) . The University of Arizona, 2.00 edition, 05 2010. J. Weier and D. Herring. Measuring vegetation (ndvi & evi). http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/MeasuringVegetation/, 08 2000. URL http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/MeasuringVegetation/ .