Sustainability of Bio-based Plastics: y General Comparative - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

▶
sustainability of bio based plastics y general
SMART_READER_LITE
LIVE PREVIEW

Sustainability of Bio-based Plastics: y General Comparative - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Feb 26, 2024 215 likes •481 views

Sustainability of Bio-based Plastics: y General Comparative Analysis Cl Clara Rosala Alvarez Chvez R l Al Ch Universidad de Sonora Hermosillo, Sonora, Mxico H ill S M i Sally Edwards, Rafael Moure-Eraso, Ken Geiser UMass

slide-1
SLIDE 1

Sustainability of Bio-based Plastics: y General Comparative Analysis

Cl R lí Al Chá Clara Rosalía Alvarez Chávez Universidad de Sonora H ill S Mé i Hermosillo, Sonora, México Sally Edwards, Rafael Moure-Eraso, Ken Geiser UMass Lowell UMass-Lowell Lowell, Ma . EEUU

slide-2
SLIDE 2

P l b d Pl i Petroleum-based Plastics (PBP)

Plastics: 90% are petroleum-based (PBP) Exceptional properties and performance Have brought tremendous benefits and wealth for

h b i human being H d i i l h l h d f

Have caused serious environmental, health and safety

problems

Demand

for plastics will continue following the increasing trend in use since the 1950s increasing trend in use since the 1950s.

2 Sustainability of Bio-based Plastics. Rossy Alvarez. 6/6/2011

slide-3
SLIDE 3

Life Cycle (LC) of Plastics Life Cycle (LC) of Plastics

Energy and materials are consumed in every stage

(European Commission, 2007; Helmut Kaiser Consultancy, 2008) http://lca.jrc.ec.europa.eu/lcainfohub/introduction.vm 3 6/6/2011

slide-4
SLIDE 4

Materials in the World Materials in the World

“Materials are a fundamental determinant of sustainability”

(Geiser, 2001).

Sustainable materials are those that are high performance,

low cost, processing efficiency and during their life cycle reduce impacts to occupational and public health as well as to the en ironment (Geiser 2001) to the environment (Geiser, 2001). EHS i t d i th lif l f PBP k th

EHS impacts during the life cycle of PBP make these

materials commodities that do not positively contribute to sustainability sustainability.

4 Sustainability of Bio-based Plastics. Rossy Alvarez. 6/6/2011

slide-5
SLIDE 5

Bio-based Plastics (BBP) ( )

Alternative to improve sustainability of Alternative to improve sustainability of plastics materials

Sustainability of Bio-based Plastics. Rossy Alvarez. 5 6/6/2011

slide-6
SLIDE 6

Bio-based Plastics (BBP) Definition: ( )

Plastics in which 100% of the carbon is derived

from renewable agricultural and forestry resources resources.

(Group for Safer Chemicals and Sustainable Materials 2008) (Group for Safer Chemicals and Sustainable Materials, 2008).

6 6/6/2011

slide-7
SLIDE 7

Bio-based Plastics (BBP) Ob i d f ll l li i h i Obtained from cellulose, lignin, starch, proteins, fatty acids and triglycerides. Bio-based plastics:

Can be derived directly or from the modification of

y

  • them. Ex: starch, cellulose.

After microbial conversion (fermentation) followed

by a polymerization process. Ex: polylactide acid (PLA) l h d lk t (PHA ) (PLA) or polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs).

6/6/2011 7

slide-8
SLIDE 8

Bio-based Plastics: Promising Alternative

Reduce the dependency of plastics on fossil fuels

Reduce the dependency of plastics on fossil fuels

Feedstocks are renewable Production process may be more energy efficient than

petroleum-based plastics processing p p p g

Safer and healthier materials

R d l dfill f l ti lid t

Reduce pressure on landfills from plastic solid wastes. Theoretically they can be composted or recycled

y y p y

Sustainability of Bio-based Plastics. Rossy Alvarez. 8 6/6/2011

slide-9
SLIDE 9

Bio-based plastic (BBP)

  • b sed p s c (

)

It is not necessarily a sustainable material It is not necessarily a sustainable material Depends on the source material, production process,

and how the material is managed at the end of its and how the material is managed at the end of its useful life

Challenging to determine which plastic materials are

g g p safest and healthiest for workers, consumers and the environment environment

Sustainability of Bio-based Plastics. Rossy Alvarez. 9 6/6/2011

slide-10
SLIDE 10

Greenpeace Pyramid of Plastics rred Prefer P

(Source: Van der Naald and Thorpe, 1998)

6/6/2011 10

slide-11
SLIDE 11

The Plastics Spectrum

(Source: Rossi et al, 2005)

6/6/2011 11

slide-12
SLIDE 12

Environmental Preference Spectrum for the Health- Care Industry

(S R i d L t 2006) (Source: Rossi and Lent, 2006)

6/6/2011 12

slide-13
SLIDE 13

13

(Rossi and Greiner, 2009).

6/6/2011

slide-14
SLIDE 14

OBJECTIVE To evaluate and compare the sustainability of bio- based plastics by studying their environmental, based plastics by studying their environmental, health and safety impacts during their life cycle (cradle to grave). ( g )

6/6/2011

http://pslc.ws/macrog/kidsmac/index.htm

slide-15
SLIDE 15

M th d l Methodology

15 6/6/2011 Sustainability of Bio-based Plastics. Rossy Alvarez.

slide-16
SLIDE 16

Methodology Methodology

Literature review of polylactide acid (PLA), starch (TPS),

l h d lk (PHA ) P l ( i h l polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), Poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT), Ligno-cellulosics, plastics from proteins BURs and nano-biomaterials to define and describe proteins, BURs, and nano biomaterials to define and describe their source, production process, environmental, health and safety impacts.

Information from BBP manufacturers (NatureWorks, LLC;

M b li Bi h LLC) Metabolix; Biosphere, LLC). A i f ki h d i i f l i h h

A review of ranking schemes and criteria for plastics that have

been developed.

16 6/6/2011 Sustainability of Bio-based Plastics. Rossy Alvarez.

slide-17
SLIDE 17

The sustainability criteria included: The sustainability criteria included:

Environmental, health and safety impacts during

the life cycle of the plastics

GMOs GMOs Hazardous pesticides to grow the feedstock Hazardous chemicals or petroleum-based co-polymers

during plastic production and processing; hazardous during plastic production and processing; hazardous additives or untested nanomaterials

Potential hazards in workplaces Disposal options Disposal options Efficiency in the use of water, energy, and materials,

t etc.

17

slide-18
SLIDE 18

The limitations of this st d The limitations of this study

Many developments and innovations in the Many developments and innovations in the

field are not made publicly available due to the research and commercial interests.

Development of BBPs is still in its infancy,

eve op e

  • s s s

s cy, LCA exist only for some starch polymers; for PLA d PHA l t l d PLA and PHAs, evaluate only energy use and greenhouse gases. g g

Sustainability of Bio-based Plastics. Rossy Alvarez. 18 6/6/2011

slide-19
SLIDE 19

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

19 Sustainability of Bio-based Plastics. Rossy Alvarez. 6/6/2011

slide-20
SLIDE 20

The Bioplastics Spectrum. Comparative occupational h lth d f t i t f bi l ti health and safety impacts of bioplastics.

Sustainability of Bio-based Plastics. Rossy Alvarez. 20 6/6/2011

slide-21
SLIDE 21

The Bioplastics Spectrum. Comparative environmental h lth d f t i t f bi l ti health and safety impacts of bioplastics.

Sustainability of Bio-based Plastics. Rossy Alvarez. 21 6/6/2011

slide-22
SLIDE 22

CONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS

None of BBP currently in commercial use or under

development are fully sustainable.

Some BBP are preferable from a health and safety

ti d th f bl f perspective and

  • thers

are preferable from an environmental health perspective.

The placement of the BBP on the Bio-based Plastics

Spectrums currently in use may change as additional Spectrums currently in use may change as additional data becomes available.

Starch (TPS), PLA, PHA score better than other BBP.

22 Sustainability of Bio-based Plastics. Rossy Alvarez. 6/6/2011

slide-23
SLIDE 23

RECOMMENDATIONS RECOMMENDATIONS

Plastics are considered the most important materials of

  • ur era.

When impacts are detected they can be addressed to

  • u e

.

When impacts are detected, they can be addressed to

avoid potential adverse environmental, occupational and public health effects and public health effects.

Th

f h i LCA i

The

use

  • f

a more comprehensive LCA is recommended as an adequate instrument that needs to be part of the decision making about the sustainability be part of the decision making about the sustainability

  • f bio-based plastics.

6/6/2011 Sustainability of Bio-based Plastics. Rossy Alvarez. 23

slide-24
SLIDE 24

G i ! Ob i d ! Th k ! Gracias! Obrigada! Thank you! Clara Rosalía Álvarez Chávez

  • Depto. de Cs. Químico Biológicas

Especialidad en Desarrollo Sustentable Especialidad en Desarrollo Sustentable Universidad de Sonora H ill S Mé i Hermosillo, Sonora, México ralvarez@rtn.uson.mx

Sustainability of Bio-based Plastics. Rossy Alvarez. 24 6/6/2011

slide-25
SLIDE 25

RECOMMENDATIONS RECOMMENDATIONS

Sustainable

agriculture methods should be implemented for growing crops. p g g p

Ensuring crop diversity and soil management

g p y g

Development and use of new agrochemicals less

hazardous for occupational and public health and environment environment

Efficient water use Reducing

  • ccupational

hazards in farming

Reducing

  • ccupational

hazards in farming practices

GMO’s should be avoided

G O s s ou d be vo ded

Cleaner and renewable sources of energy

25