Super Watt Wave Catcher Barge (Called the Super Watt because of the - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

1 July 31, 2015

Super Watt Wave Catcher Barge

(Called the Super Watt because of the high torque it places on the generators) US Patent Number 8823196-Apparatus of Wave Generators and a Mooring System to Generate Electricity Introduction:

Barges provide the lowest cost horizontal surface area for swell wave force collection. Light barges will ride the wave crest. The barges vertical mooring legs will reduce some of the barge’s vertical motion by turning direct drive wind turbine generators located onboard. Under storm conditions, the vertical mooring system loads are limited by multiple methods and the horizontal mooring system takes over for storm survival. Wave Catcher Barges can be installed almost anywhere in the world, in almost any water depth. Long period swell waves, found all over the world, lift up the flat bottom barges and their vertical mooring legs turn their

• generators. Each barge is sized for the local environmental conditions. A barge equipped with four 10 megawatt

direct drive wind turbine generators will have a power output capacity of 40 megawatts. These barges can export power to local power hubs for conversion and transmission to end users or can be connected directly to their end users. Barges can be towed to location and connected to their pre-installed mooring systems and their power cable in less than a day. Personnel can access the barges by helicopter or crew boat and maintain the equipment located in a safe dry above water environment. Barges are low profile making them difficult to see from shore resulting in minimum visual pollution. Barges cause no harm to the marine life since they have no moving parts in the

• water. Barges can survive a 100 year return period storm event. Barges use proven existing components for short

project schedules. Barges can be disconnected in a day for major onshore refurbishment. The near shore Wave Catcher Barge power farm with fixed headings into the prevailing waves, a stagger barge layout that prevents shadowing, a well spaced layout allowing maintenance vessel access provides maximum power generation and optimum CAPEX and OPEX.

Super Watt Wave Catcher Barge Presentation Contents

2 July 31, 2015

• 1. Super Watt Wave Catcher Barge Base Case Component Names and Functions

a) Barge b) Mooring system c) Articulated Pulleys d) Uni-Direction Pulleys With Recoil Springs e) Flywheels f) Generators

• 2. Super Watt Wave Catcher Barge Principles of Operation
• 3. Super Watt Wave Catcher Barge Mooring System Options

a) Fixed Types ( Direct, Clump Weight, Horizontal, Taunt ) b) Weathervaning Types (Turret, Single Point Mooring )

• 4. Super Watt Wave Catcher Barge Dimensions
• 5. Details Of The Various Super Watt Wave Catcher Barge Component Functions
• 6. A Vertical Mooring System for Power Generation and A Horizontal Mooring System

Extreme Storm Survival

• 7. Summary of Features of the Super Watt Wave Catcher Barge
• 8. Special Features of the Super Watt Wave Catcher Barge

• 1. Super Watt Wave Catcher Barge Base Case

Component Names and Functions

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The Base Case uses both a vertical mooring system for power generation and a horizontal mooring system. The horizontal mooring system provides the following functions:

• 1. It allows the barges to be initially quickly connected and made safe.
• 2. It allows the barge to be positioned in the most favorable horizontal location above its

vertical mooring system for connection of the vertical power belts to their preinstalled vertical mooring legs .

• 3. It allows the barge to remotely or automatically maintain its vertical mooring legs as

vertical as possible for maximum power output.

• 4. It allows the vertical mooring system’s load to be reduced remotely or automatically to

a minimum prior to or during a storm event and allows the barge to ride out all storms events, including a 100 year storm event, on only its horizontal mooring system. Methods of vertical mooring system load limitation include:

• 1. Disengaging , remotely or automatically ,of the uni-directional pulley from the flywheel.
• 2. Passive disconnection of the power belt to vertical mooring system under high load.
• 3. Vertical mooring system’s gravity weight anchors lifted off the seabed prior to the

vertical mooring system’s mooring legs reaching maximum design load. This is insured by sizing the gravity weight anchors to be lighter than the vertical mooring system’s maximum mooring leg design load.

Reinforced rubber vertical mooring belts turn generators

• nboard and are not required for extreme storm survival.

Maintenance crew access by helicopter or crew boat & work in dry enclosure Large conventional barges collects very large vertical wave force and provides the lowest cost/ton steel fabrication Equipment is in dry watertight enclosure

Super Watt Wave Catcher Barge Base Case

(Called the Super Watt because of the high torque it places on the generators)

Barge air weight (~2,000 MT), Barge equipment (~1,000 MT). A tug can install or remove the barge in less than a day.

Articulated pulleys in each corner wet room

Four Uni-Direction Pulleys With Recoil Springs Flywheels store momentum and keep the generators turning Four large wind turbine type generators

July 31, 2015 4 The horizontal mooring system is for extreme cyclonic event survival. It also maintains the vertical mooring near vertical during normal operations.

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Horizontal Polyester Mooring Rope Spring Buoy Super Watt Wave Catcher Barge Reinforced Rubber Belts Suction Piles, Driven Piles Or Gravity Anchors Export Power Cable Umbilical in Lazy S Configuration Vertical Polyester Mooring Rope

Super Watt Wave Catcher Barge Base Case Components

Gravity weight anchors directly below the barge are sized to stay on the seabed during normal wave conditions, but lift off the seabed as final method of preventing vertical mooring leg overload. Spring buoys minimize vessel offset in normal and extreme sea conditions and impose minimum vertical load on the barge during normal wave loading allowing maximum barge vertical motion and maximum power

• generation. Spring buoys maintain the vertical and horizontal polyester mooring rope in tension at all

times preventing snatch loading and thus the initial still water preload shown above in the horizontal mooring system.

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Super Watt Wave Catcher Barge Base Case Isometric Top View

Vertical Polyester Mooring Rope Horizontal Polyester Mooring Rope The Base Case horizontal mooring system shown above assumes more spring buoys at the bow than the stern and a one horizontal mooring line broken case.

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Super Watt Wave Catcher Barge Base Case Close Up Sea Level View

Subsurface Buoys When the vertical polyester mooring ropes are pre-installed, they are left supported below the water’s surface by subsurface buoys. After the barge is moored to its horizontal mooring system, an ROV connects the power belts to the subsurface buoys’ top connectors. These connectors can also be load limit connectors and further insure no vertical mooring system

• verload.

Power Belts Vertical Polyester Mooring Ropes

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Super Watt Wave Catcher Barge Base Case Below Sea Level View

Reinforced Rubber Belts Reinforced rubber belts are likely to be used since they have proven long lives in all sorts of applications including car and truck engines. Rubber is also resistant to sea water corrosion. Offshore platforms have successfully used reinforced rubber coatings in the splash zone areas for decades. Rubber's long term resistance to seawater is best indicated by airplanes on the decks of sunken World War II aircraft carriers that still have air in their tires.

Vertical Polyester Mooring Rope Horizontal Polyester Mooring Rope Power Belts

Subsurface buoys keep the vertical polyester mooring rope under tension at all times with or without the power belts attached. The buoys are located far enough below the water’s so they do not come in contact with the articulated pulleys during the 100 year return period event.

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Power Cable Network

(Protected Under Barges)

267m

( Spacing Between Barges)

Super Watt Wave Catcher Barge Base Case Farm Isometric View

Most wave power farms are expected to be near shore and near a community that can use the power yet a few miles from shore so they are not easily seen from shore. Since the Wave Catcher Barges converts the power of swell waves and since swell waves have a narrow range of prevailing wave headings, it is very likely that the most favorable initial mooring system for a Wave Catcher Barges will be the illustrated fixed heading mooring with the barge's longitudinal axis in line with the middle of the prevailing range of swell wave headings at the chosen site. The farm will extract some of the power from the waves but not all of the power so the farm does not change the shoreline environment or the wild life habitats. Thus a limited number of Wave Catcher Barge rows are expected, as illustrated.

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Super Watt Wave Catcher Barge Base Case Farm – Bow View

The wave farm layout makes sure that wave shadowing does not reduce the power output of the down wave catcher barges and considers the swell wave heading range. The spacing between wave catcher barges must also allow for initial installation vessel maneuvering, maintenance vessel access and vessel maneuvering for barge replacement after refurbishment. The illustrated power cable layout is just one of many options. This option provides the least cable length and shortest S configuration dynamic umbilical tie-in, the most protection from fishing since trawling is usually carried out parallel to shore and is possible in this configuration. The configuration assumes the seabed power cables are laid on the seabed with dynamic umbilicals in an S configuration before the barges are installed.

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Prevailing Wave Direction

Super Watt Wave Catcher Barge Base Case Farm - Side View

The spacing between wave catcher barges must also allow for initial installation vessel maneuvering, maintenance vessel access and vessel maneuvering for barge replacement after refurbishment. The illustrated power cable layout is just one of many options. This option provides the least cable length and shortest S configuration dynamic umbilical tie-in, the most protection from fishing since trawling is usually carried out parallel to shore and is possible in this configuration. The configuration assumes the seabed power cables are laid on the seabed with dynamic umbilicals in an S configuration before the barges are installed.

July 31, 2015 12

Prevailing Wave Direction

Super Watt Wave Catcher Barge Base Case Farm Plan View

The wave farm layout makes sure that wave shadowing does not reduce the power output

• f the down wave catcher barges and considers

the swell wave heading range. The spacing between wave catcher barges must also allow for initial installation vessel maneuvering, maintenance vessel access and vessel maneuvering for barge replacement after refurbishment. The illustrated power cable layout is just one of many options. This option provides the least cable length and shortest S configuration dynamic umbilical tie-in, the most protection from fishing since trawling is usually carried

• ut parallel to shore and is possible in this
• configuration. The configuration assumes the

seabed power cables are laid on the seabed with dynamic umbilicals in an S configuration before the barges are installed.

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Super Watt Wave Catcher Barge Base Case View From Bow Side

This slide shows a possible Base Case individual Wave Catcher Barge mooring system layout. The Base Case horizontal mooring system shown to the left assumes more spring buoys are located at the bow than at the stern. This also allows for a one horizontal mooring line broken case.

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Super Watt Wave Catcher Barge Base Case Side View

This slide shows a possible Base Case individual Wave Catcher Barge mooring system layout. The spring buoy horizontal mooring system keeps the barge’s vertical mooring legs within a vertical tolerance and does not impose significant vertical load on the barge in normal operating conditions thus maximizing vertical vessel motion and power output. The horizontal mooring system is designed for the extreme cyclonic event with minimum assistance from the vertical mooring system.

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Spring Buoys Are Initially Above Water And Submerged Under Tension

93 m of vertical polyester mooring rope in 100 meter of water depth After the horizontal polyester mooring ropes are attached to the buoys and set at the correct pretension, the spring buoys will remain fully submerge protecting them from boat collision and splash zone corrosion. The stern spring buoys will be installed deeper that the bow springs buoys. After the spring buoys are installed, their padeyes need to be above water at low tide so that the installation crew in zodiacs can connect the horizontal polyester mooring ropes to the buoys.

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After the horizontal polyester mooring ropes are attached to the buoys and set at the correct pretension, the spring buoys will remain fully submerge protecting them from boat collision and splash zone corrosion. After the spring buoys are installed, their padeyes need to be above water at low tide so that the installation crew in zodiacs can connect the horizontal polyester mooring ropes to the buoys.

Spring Buoys Are Initially Above Water And Submerged Under Tension

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Super Watt Wave Catcher Barge Typical Spring Buoy Dimensions

93 m of Vertical Polyester Mooring Rope Horizontal Polyester Mooring Rope Buoy weight in air = ~40 MT Submerged 152 mm Rope Weight = 3.85 kg/m x (93m +70m)=.63 MT Buoy Displacement =208 m3 Buoy’s Submerged Net Up Force = ~172 MT

Note: Bow and stern spring buoy initial still water offset assumptions can be found on the next

• slide. We are assuming 4 bow and 2 stern spring buoys which will result in roughly double

the initial pretension required for each stern spring buoy. Under 100 year storm conditions, the bow spring buoys increase in tension and the stern spring buoys decrease in pretension and thus both contribute to the horizontal restoring forces on the barge.

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Assumed Initial Still Water Offsets of Bow and Stern Spring Buoys

Buoy weight in air = 40 MT Submerged 152mm Rope Weight = 3.85 kg/m x (93m +70m)=.63 MT Buoy Displacement =208 m3 Buoy’s Net Up Force = 172 MT

(Bow Buoy’s Submerged Net Still Water Horizontal Force= 60.2 MT) (Stern Buoy’s Submerged Net Still Water Horizontal Force= 120.4 MT)

139.2m Long Bow Buoy Horizontal Mooring Line 116.8m Long Stern Buoy Horizontal Mooring Line

Under storm conditions, the bow horizontal mooring lines gain tension and the stern mooring lines loose tension. A vessel offset of 24 meters during storm conditions results in a bow horizontal mooring force increase of 3 x 60.2 MT and a stern horizontal mooring force decrease of 2 x 60.2 MT resulting a total restoring force of ~301 MT.

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Polyester Mooring Rope’s Submerged Mass and Breaking Strength

6” rope assumed

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100 Year Return Period Storm Wave, Wind and Current Criteria For Washington & Oregon From API RP 2A

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100 Year Return Period Storm Wave, Wind and Current Criteria For Washington & Oregon From API RP 2A Installation Location Assumed Offshore Washington or Oregon

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100 Year Return Period Storm Wave, Wind and Current Criteria For Washington & Oregon From API RP 2A Installation Site Assumed 100m W.D. Offshore Washington or Oregon

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NOAA Data Buoy Station 46050 Near Test Site. Details on www.ndbc.noaa.gov

• 2. Super Watt Wave Catcher Barge

Principles of Operation

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25

The Stricklin Tide Supply Vessel Rolling In Swells Waves Offshore Angola

Video of the Stricklin Tide supply vessel on a normal day offshore Angola. Video taken from the Belize Lobito Tomboco (BBLT) Compliant Piled Tower Platform in 384 m water depth. http://www.marineenergycorp.com/marine-energy/super-watt-wave-catcher-barges.shtml Vessel: STRICKLIN TIDE (IMO: 9422926) Vessel Deadweight: 1816 t Vessel Length × Breadth: 60m × 16m

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When the barge is lifted up by the swell wave crests, the mooring lines pull down and turn the pulleys, flywheels and generators on the barge.

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When the wave trough lowers the barge, the uni-directional pulley recoil springs rewind the mooring belts back on the pulleys keeping mooring lines tight at all times and get ready for the next wave crest. The flywheel momentum keeps turning the flywheels and the generators.

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Monthly Wave Height Non-Exceedence (NW Shetlands, UK)

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Super Watt Wave Catcher Barge Principles of Operation

6m radius / lever arm

When a 1 meter high swell wave passes, the total force in the barge’s mooring lines is roughly equal to the displacement of the barge’s hull. The left table shows a meter of barge displacement equals 2135 metric tonnes of vertical force or 533 metric tonnes per mooring leg. The mooring belts pull on the perimeter of the 6 meter radius unidirectional pulley-flywheel combination resulting in a torque of approximately 3200 metric tonne- meters, which is 3 times the torque required of a 10 megawatt direct drive wind turbine generator.

Unidirectional Pulley

The mooring belts wrap completely around the unidirectional pulleys allowing them to unwind and re-wind completely as the barge rises and falls in an extreme storm event.

533 MT/ meter of wave height

Vertical Force/ Meter of Sea Water Displacement Draft (Meter) Waterline Length (m) Average Length (m) Width (m) Water Displacement (m3) Vertical Force/ Meter of Sea Water Displacement (Metric Tonnes) 53.5 53.5 37.5 1 57.5 55.5 37.5 2081 2135 2 61.5 57.5 37.5 4313 4423 3 65.5 59.5 37.5 6694 6865 4 69.5 61.5 37.5 9225 9461

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Super Watt Wave Catcher Barge Principles of Operation

6m radius / lever arm During wave trough unloading the recoil springs rewind the belts back on the unidirectional pulleys in preparation for the next wave crest loading Unidirectional Pulley

The mooring belts wrap completely around the unidirectional pulleys allowing them to unwind and re-wind completely as the barge rises and falls in an extreme storm event.

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Super Watt Wave Catcher Barge Principles of Operation

The flywheels store the wave energy in the form of momentum for the generators to convert into electricity This illustrates one of many types of direct drive generators that wave catcher barges can support to convert the momentum into electricity Direction of Rotation The belts wrap completely around the unidirectional pulleys allowing them to unwind and re-wind as the barge rises and falls during 100 year + storms

Wind Turbine Generator Torque

Source: Review of Generator Systems for Direct-Drive Wind Turbines

• D. Bang, H. Polinder, G. Shrestha, J.A. Ferreira Electrical Power Processing / DUWIND Delft University of Technology Mekelweg 4, 2628 CD

Delft The Netherlands Phone: +31 (0)15 27 85791, Fax: +31 (0)15 27 82968 D.J.Bang@tudelft.nl, H.Polinder@tudelft.nl, G.Shrestha@tudelft.nl, J.A.Ferreira@tudelft.nl

(1020 metric tonne-meters) 4000 (408 mtm)

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July 31, 2015 33

AMSC’s 10 Megawatt Direct Drive Wind Turbine Generator

(Nacelle 160 metric tonnes x 5 meters OD x 10 meters long)

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Enercon E-126 – 7.58 MW Direct Drive Wind Turbine Annular Generator

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Enercon E-126 – 7.58 MW Direct Drive Wind Turbine Annular Generator

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Enercon E-126 – 7.58 MW Direct Drive Wind Turbine Annular Generator

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Enercon E-126 – 7.58 MW Direct Drive Wind Turbine Annular Generator SUB MW E-48 / 800 KW E-53 / 800 KW E-44 / 900 KW MW E-70 / 2,300 KW E-82 E2 / 2,000 KW E-82 E2 / 2,300 KW E-82 E4 / 2,350 KW E-82 E4 / 3,000 KW E-92 / 2,350 KW E-101 / 3,050 KW E-101 E2 / 3,500 KW E-115 / 3,000 KW E-126 EP4 MULTI MW E-126 / 7,580 KW Enercon Models

• 3. Super Watt Wave Catcher Barge

Mooring System Options (Many other options are possible)

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Super Watt Wave Catcher Barge Mooring System Options

Turret Moored Sea Anchor Single Point Bow Mooring

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The Simplest Mooring System Is A Shallow Water Direct Vertical Mooring System To Anchor Piles Or Gravity Anchors Direct Vertical Mooring System Vertical + Horizontal Mooring Systems

Super Watt Wave Catcher Barge Mooring System Options

• 4. Super Watt Wave Catcher Barge

Dimensions and Weights

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July 31, 2015 42

Super Watt Wave Catcher Barge Bottom Dimensions

53.5m

Super Watt Wave Catcher Barge Dimensions (Bottom of Hull View-Looking Up)

2080 m2 Bottom Area

43 July 31, 2015

(Conventional Barge Dimensions Allow Worldwide Fabrication)

Top Isometric View of Hull Looking Down

Super Watt Wave Catcher Barge Overall Dimensions

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Super Watt Wave Catcher Wet Room Dimensions

8.0m 10.381m 9.202m

69.5m

45 July 31, 2015

Conventional Barge Dimensions Allow Worldwide Barge Fabrication

Side View of Hull

Bow Rake Plate Stern Rake Plate Bow Enclosure Plate Stern Enclosure Plate Bow Top Enclosure Plate Top Enclosure Plate Stern Top Enclosure Plate Barge Bottom Plate Barge Deck Plate Enclosure Side Plate Barge Side Plate

Super Watt Wave Catcher Barge Longitudinal Dimensions

7 m Nose

Note: Corners will Have Rounded Edges In Detailed Design

46

Super Watt Wave Catcher Barge - Elevation View Of Bow With Dimensions

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2 - 100% Capacity Mooring Belts At Each Corner Provide Redundancy And Allow Routine Belt Replacement

28 m

Elevation View of Bow

Bow Enclosure Plate (In Detailed Design Will Be Rounded) Bow Rake Plate Bow Top Enclosure Plate

4.75 m 4.75 m

Note: Corners will Have Rounded Edges In Detailed Design

July 31, 2015 47

Super Watt Wave Catcher Barge ISO View Of Bow With Dimensions

Note: Corners will Have Rounded Edges In Detailed Design

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Super Watt Wave Catcher Barge Side View With Dimensions

Note: Corners will Have Rounded Edges In Detailed Design

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Super Watt Wave Catcher Barge – Barge Bottom Plate

56 - L 152 x 89 x 8 x 53.5 m stiffeners = 2996m 12.5mm Grade 50 Plate – 53.5m x 37.5m = 2006.25m2

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Super Watt Wave Catcher Barge – Barge Deck Plate

88 - L 152 x 89 x 8 x 69.5 m stiffeners = 6116m 12.5mm Grade 50 Plate – 69.5m x 37.5m = 2606.25 m2

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Super Watt Wave Catcher Barge – Barge and Enclosure Side Plates (Same for Port and Starboard Sides)

24.05m

T 457 x 140 x 10 (Typ)

Port Side Only (Double MTO for Starboard Side): Top Enclosure 10.0mm Grade 50 Plate – 45.45m x 6.5m = 295.425 m2 Top Enclosure (L 152 x 89 x 8 x 45.45 m) stiffeners x 17 = 772.6m Middle Enclosure 10.0mm Grade 50 Plate – 69.5m x 8m = 556 m2 Middle Enclosure (L 152 x 89 x 8 x 69.5 m) stiffeners x 23 = 1598.5m Hull 12.5mm Grade 50 Plate – 61.5m x 4m = 246 m2 Hull (L 152 x 89 x 8 x 61.5 m) stiffeners x 13 = 799.5m Enclosure Bow and Stern Verticals (T 457 x 140 x 10 x 11.25m x 16) = 180m Enclosure Middle Section Verticals (T 457 x 140 x 10 x 14.5m x 9) = 130.5m Hull Verticals (Part of Barge Transverse WTBs or Barge Transverse Trusses) x 2

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Super Watt Wave Catcher Barge – Barge and Enclosure Bow Plates (Same as Stern Plates)

Bow Only (Double MTO for Stern Side): Bow Enclosure 10.0mm Grade 50 Plate – 37.5m x 8m = 300 m2 Bow Enclosure (L 152 x 89 x 8 x 37.5 m) stiffeners x 26 = 975m Hull Rake 12.5mm Grade 50 Plate – 37.5m x 8.94m = 335.25 m2 Hull Rake (L 152 x 89 x 8 x 37.5 m) stiffeners x 30 = 1125m Enclosure Bow and Stern Verticals (T 457 x 140 x 10 x 8m x 13) = 104m Hull Rake Verticals (Part of Barge Longitudinal WTBs or Barge Longitudinal Trusses)

Bow Bow Rake

x 2

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Super Watt Wave Catcher Barge – Top Of Enclosure Plates (Plan View)

74 - L 152 x 89 x 8 x 21.4 m stiffeners = 1583.6m 12.5mm Grade 50 Plate – 21.4m x 37.5m = 802.5m2 9 - T 533 x 140 x 10 – 37.5m = 337.5m

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Super Watt Wave Catcher Barge – Top Of Bow or Stern Enclosure Plate (Plan Perpendicular to Plate View)

24.91m 2.767m Spacing

74 - L 152 x 89 x 8 x 24.91 m stiffeners = 1843.34m 12.5mm Grade 50 Plate – 24.91m x 37.5m = 934m2 8 - T 533 x 140 x 10 – 37.5m = 300m x 2

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Super Watt Wave Catcher Barge- Longitudinal Truss & Bulkhead (Elevation View)

106 - L 152 x 89 x 8 x 4m stiffeners = 424m 15 - L 152 x 89 x 8 x 4m stiffeners = 60 m 12.5mm Grade 50 Plate – 61.5m x 4m = 246m2 1 - T 533 x 140 x 10 x 69.5m = 69.5m 1 - T 533 x 140 x 10 x 53.5m = 53.5m 2 - T 533 x 140 x 10 x 8.94m = 17.88m BOX 150 x 150 x 12.5 x 4m x 21 = 84m BOX 150 x 150 x 12.5 x 4.9m x 20 = 98m BOX 150 x 150 x 12.5 x (2.6666 + 1.3333 +3.77 + 2.98) x 2 = 21.5m x 4 x 3

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Super Watt Wave Catcher Barge- Transverse Truss & Bulkhead (Elevation View)

74 - L 152 x 89 x 8 x 4m stiffeners = 296m 12.5mm Grade 50 Plate – 37.5m x 4m = 150m2 T 533 x 140 x 10 x 37.5 m x 2 = 75m T 533 x 140 x 10 x 4.0 m x 2 = 8m BOX 150 x 150 x 12.5 x 4 m x 15 = 60m BOX 150 x 150 x 12.5 x 4.63m x 16 = 74.2m x 5 x 16 T 533 x 140 x 10 x 37.5 m x 2 = 75m T 533 x 140 x 10 x 2.667 m x 2 = 5.333m BOX 150 x 150 x 12.5 x 2.667 m x 15 = 40m BOX 150 x 150 x 12.5 x 3.55 x 16 = 56.8m x 2 T 533 x 140 x 10 x 37.5 m x 2 = 75m T 533 x 140 x 10 x 1.333 m x 2 = 2.667m BOX 150 x 150 x 12.5 x 1.333 m x 15 = 20m BOX 150 x 150 x 12.5 x 2.7 x 16 = 43.2m x 2

• 5. Details Of The Various Super Watt Wave

Catcher Barge Component Functions

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Super Watt Wave Catcher Barge With Spring Buoy Horizontal Moorings (Note Large Flat Bottom Of A Standard Barge)

The forces in the mooring legs will be very high unless the force is limited. The torque imposed by the generator imposes a drag on the mooring legs like a fishing reel does on a fishing line. The fishing reel's drag limiter releases the fishing line well before its breaking line load, which is the plan for this system. In addition, this system uses recoil springs to rewind the mooring lines back on the pulleys, in preparation for the next wave crest, when tension in the mooring line drops below a preset load.

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Super Watt Wave Catcher Barge With Spring Buoy Horizontal Moorings (Note Articulated Pulleys Housed In Corner Wet Rooms)

Flexible curtain seals inside the incline pipe excludes water from the dry enclosure

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Super Watt Wave Catcher Barge With Spring Buoy Horizontal Moorings

The Super Watt Wave Catcher Barge uses an inclined pipe to support the articulated

• pulley. The center of the inclined pipe is the center of rotation of the articulated pulley and

also the conduit for the mooring lines on their way to the unidirectional pulley. Any water

• n the mooring line belts either runs down the mooring line belts or the incline pipe back

into the ocean. Flexible curtain seals inside the incline pipe eliminate water from entering the dry enclosure. Flexible curtain seals inside the incline pipe excludes water from the dry enclosure

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Super Watt Wave Catcher Barge Moon Pools

Super Watt Wave Catcher Barges has moon pools at the bow and the stern of the barges around all mooring belts to allow the mooring belts to move freely up and down without touching the barge as the barge moves with the waves. The size of the required moon pool will depend on many factors including: the extreme environmental conditions at the installation site, the type of mooring system used, the top elevation of the articulated pulley, etc. Mooring systems that keep the mooring belts as vertical as possible reduce the moon pool size.

Moon Pool

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Super Watt Wave Catcher Barge With Turret Moored Sea Anchor

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Components: Four 12 M OD Unidirectional Pulleys Four 12 M OD Flywheels Four 6+ Megawatt Direct Drive Generators One Sea Anchor With Turret Catenary Mooring System Turret moored sea anchor mooring systems allow the barges to naturally weathervane into the strongest wave direction maximizing wave power generation at all times. Sea anchors serve as artificial seabed. Sea anchors moved up to near the barge or locked to the barge prior to a cyclonic event minimize cyclonic loads in the vertical belts.

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Super Watt Wave Catcher Barge With Turret Moored Sea Anchor

Turret moored sea anchor mooring systems allow the barges to naturally weathervane into the strongest wave direction maximizing wave power generation at all times. Sea anchors serve as artificial seabed. Sea anchors moved up to near the barge or locked to the barge prior to a cyclonic event minimize cyclonic loads in the vertical belts.

64

Super Watt Wave Catcher Barge With Turret Moored Sea Anchor

July 31, 2015

Turret moored sea anchor mooring systems allow the barges to naturally weathervane into the strongest wave direction maximizing wave power generation at all times. Sea anchors serve as artificial seabed. Sea anchors moved up to near the barge or locked to the barge prior to a cyclonic event minimize cyclonic loads in the vertical belts.

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Super Watt Wave Catcher Barge Farm With Turret Moored Sea Anchors

ISO View Plan View

Prevailing Wave Direction

66

Super Watt Wave Catcher Barge With Turret Moored Sea Anchor

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Turret moored sea anchor mooring system allows barge to naturally weathervane into the strongest wave direction maximizing wave power generation at all times. Sea anchor serves as artificial seabed. Sea anchor moves with barge during cyclonic events.

67

Super Watt Wave Catcher Barge With Turret Moored Sea Anchor

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The turret moored sea anchor allows the barge to naturally weathervane into the strongest wave maximizing wave power generation at all times. Sea anchor serves as artificial seabed. The Sea anchor is slightly negatively buoyant maintaining tension in the mooring belts at all

• times. System uses two 100% redundant mooring belts at each corner.

Sea Anchor Turret two 100% redundant mooring belts at each corner

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Super Watt Wave Catcher Barge With Turret Moored Sea Anchor

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Turret moored sea anchor mooring system allows barge to naturally weathervane into the strongest wave direction maximizing wave power generation at all times. Sea anchor serves as artificial seabed. Sea anchor moves with barge during cyclonic events.

69

Super Watt Wave Catcher Barge With Turret Moored Sea Anchor

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Turret moored sea anchor mooring system allows barge to naturally weathervane into the strongest wave direction maximizing wave power generation at all times. Sea anchor serves as artificial seabed. Sea anchor moves with barge during cyclonic events.

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Turret moored sea anchor mooring system allows barge to naturally weathervane into the strongest wave direction maximizing wave power generation at all times. Sea anchor serves as artificial seabed. Sea anchor moves with barge during cyclonic events.

Super Watt Wave Catcher Barge With Turret Moored Sea Anchor With Four 12 M OD Unidirectional Pulleys, Four 12 M OD Flywheels and Four 6 M OD 6 Megawatt Direct Drive Generators

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Super Watt Wave Catcher Barge With Sea Anchor And Single Point Mooring

Spring Buoy The sea anchors can be locked to the barge in transit to location and prior to a cyclonic event. Once on location or after a cyclonic event the sea anchors can be ballasted until they are slightly negatively buoyant and at the optimum elevation below the barge and below the influence of normal daily swell waves. The sea anchors will reach a point of equilibrium with the recoil spring tension. The point of equilibrium can be adjusted by readjusting the sea anchor’s ballast. The spring buoy’s horizontal attachment arms will be horizontal under most prevailing normal swell wave conditions and impose minimum vertical load on the barge.

Sea Anchor

Spring buoy horizontal attachment arms

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Spring Buoys

Super Watt Wave Catcher Barge With Sea Anchor And Single Point Mooring

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Super Watt Wave Catcher Barge With Sea Anchor And Single Point Mooring

Spring Buoys

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Super Watt Wave Catcher Barge With Sea Anchor And Single Point Mooring

Spring Buoys The sea anchors can be locked to the barge in transit to location and prior to a cyclonic

• event. Once on location or after a cyclonic

event the sea anchors can be ballasted until they are slightly negatively buoyant and at the optimum elevation below the barge and below the influence of normal daily swell

• waves. The sea anchors will reach a point of

equilibrium with the recoil spring tension. The point of equilibrium can be adjusted by readjusting the sea anchor’s ballast. The spring buoy’s horizontal attachment arms will be horizontal under most prevailing normal swell wave conditions and impose minimum vertical load on the barge.

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Super Watt Wave Catcher Barge – Single Point Moored Sea Anchor

Spring Buoys The sea anchors will reach a point of equilibrium with the recoil spring tension. The point of equilibrium can be adjusted by readjusting the sea anchor’s ballast. The spring buoy’s horizontal attachment arms should be slightly downward toward the buoy under most prevailing normal swell wave conditions and thus impose a small downward vertical load on the sea anchor. This downward load will eliminating future sea anchor ballast adjustments and eliminating horizontal attachment arm vertical load on the barge.

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Super Watt Wave Catcher Barge – Single Point Moored Sea Anchor

Inclined stern mooring lines

The use of slightly inclined stern mooring lines helps: 1) minimizing the horizontal

• ffset between the sea anchor and the barge; 2) helps maintain the upper mooring

lines as near vertical as possible; 3) minimizes the moon pool sizes; 4) helps maximize the vertical loads in the upper mooring belts; 5) helps maximize the power

• utput of the Super Watt Wave Catcher Barge; etc.

Spring Buoys

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Super Watt Wave Catcher Barge – Single Point Moored Sea Anchor

Spring Buoys

Super Watt Wave Catcher Barge With Taunt Moored Buoyant Pontoons

Dry Enclosure Barge Hull Steel Reinforced Rubber Belts Are Lowered For ROV Connection Taunt Mooring Legs Buoyant Submerged Frame

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Pre-installed ROV Connection ROV Connection

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Super Watt Wave Catcher Barge With Taunt Moored Buoyant Pontoons

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Super Watt Wave Catcher Barge With Sea Anchor and Horizontal Lines To Spring Buoys

Spring Buoys

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Super Watt Wave Catcher Barge With Sea Anchor and Horizontal Lines To Spring Buoys

Spring Buoys

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Super Watt Wave Catcher Barge With Sea Anchor and Horizontal Lines To Spring Buoys

Spring Buoys

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Super Watt Wave Catcher Barge

The Corner Wet Rooms. Many Options For Minimum Wet Room Splash Without Belt Contact. 2 - 100% Capacity Mooring Belts At Each Corner Provide Redundancy And Allow Routine Belt Replacement

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Super Watt Wave Catcher Barge Corner Wet Rooms House Articulated Pulleys

Articulated pulleys, like those used in gym equipment, are fairleads located above water for easy inspection and maintenance, minimum corrosion and minimum marine life buildup. The articulated pulleys are made large diameter for long mooring belt fatigue life and low energy

• losses. The articulated pulleys are cantilevered to maximize the flat bottom area of the barge

and thus maximize vertical wave forces on the barge. The articulated pulleys are located in corner wet rooms isolating them from the dry barge enclosure. The articulated pulleys are designed to swivel freely under all wave conditions and the moon pool is sized to insure the mooring belts do not touch the hull at anytime. Articulated Pulley / Corner Moon Pool 2 - 100% Mooring Belts Per Corner For Redundancy Wet Room / Corner

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Super Watt Wave Catcher Barge Mooring Belts

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2 - 100% Capacity Mooring Belts At Each Corner Provide Redundancy And Allow Routine Belt Replacement two 100% redundant mooring belts at each corner

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Super Watt Wave Catcher Barge Mooring Belts

2 - 100% Capacity Mooring Belts At Each Corner Provide Redundancy And Allow Routine Belt Replacement

Super Watt Wave Catcher Barge Corner Wet Rooms House Cantilevered Articulated Pulleys

Articulated pulleys, like those used in gym equipment, are fairleads located above water for easy inspection and maintenance, minimum corrosion and minimum marine life buildup. The articulated pulleys are made large diameter for long mooring belt fatigue life and low energy

• losses. The articulated pulleys are cantilevered to maximize the flat bottom area of the barge

and thus maximize vertical wave forces on the barge. The articulated pulleys are located in corner wet rooms isolating them from the dry barge enclosure. The articulated pulleys are designed to swivel freely under all wave conditions and the moon pool is sized to insure the mooring belts do not touch the hull at anytime.

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Articulated Pulley

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Super Watt Wave Catcher Barge Enclosure Components

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Sloped Large Diameter Pipe With Multiple Seals Keeps Enclosure Dry Belt Passes Through The Center of the Large Diameter Pipe Which Is The Center of Rotation Articulated Pulley Rotates On Large Diameter Pipe Steel Reinforced Rubber Belt Mooring Legs Corner Wet Rooms At Each Corner All components have large steel foundations that spread their load to the barge’s steel deck and to its under deck bulkheads, trusses and additional support steel as required.

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Direct Drive Wind Turbine Generators 12 meter OD Flywheels

Super Watt Wave Catcher Barge Enclosure Components

Unidirectional Pulleys With Recoil Springs

Wave Catcher Barges are likely to initially use proven high capacity direct drive wind turbine generators. Direct drive generators required less torque and provide lower system costs that gear driven generators. The illustration above shows

• ne of several possible direct drive generator and one of several ways to turn the generator. There are currently more

that 5 wind generator suppliers that are developing generators with a capacity of 10 megawatt or more.

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6 M OD Direct Drive Generators Corner Wet Room Many Opening Closure Options Are Available

Super Watt Wave Catcher Barge Enclosure Components

12 M OD Unidirectional Pulleys 12 M OD Flywheels

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Super Watt Wave Catcher Barge Components

Corner Wet Room Many Opening Closure Options Available Two redundant steel rope reinforced rubber mooring belts per corner Articulated Pulley Mooring Belts Go Over Cantilevered Pulleys Housed In Wet Rooms

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Dry Enclosure

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Corner Wet Room Belt Drying Pipe Dry Enclosure Houses Transformers, Control Rooms, Switch Gear, Etc.

Super Watt Wave Catcher Barge Enclosure Components

Flywheels Unidirectional Pulleys Articulated Pulley Direct Drive Generators

• 6. A Vertical Mooring System for Power

Generation and A Horizontal Mooring System Extreme Storm Survival

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Normal Swell Wave Operation: Swell waves impose high vertical force on the bottom of the barge that lifts the barge up. As the barge is lifted, mooring belts turn unidirectional pulleys, like those used in lawnmower rope starters. The unidirectional pulleys then turn flywheels and generators. The flywheels keep turning the generators between wave crests. Recoil springs rewind the mooring belts back on the unidirectional pulleys and maintain mooring belt tension. The torque applied to the flywheels and the generators increases mooring belt tension and reduces barge motion. Power generation and 100 year storm survival: The Wave Catcher Barges accomplish both power generation and 100 year storm survival by having two mooring systems: a near vertical mooring system for power generation during normal sea conditions and a horizontal mooring system that keeps the barge on station during major storm events and that keeps the vertical mooring lines near vertical for maximum power output during normal sea conditions. The horizontal mooring system imposes minimum vertical load on the barge during normal sea conditions allowing maximum power output. The Wave Catcher Barges use passive and active options to insure the vertical mooring leg loads do not exceed their design working load in major storm events: Passive options include the use of:

• 1. line load limiters on the unidirectional pulleys, like those used on fishing reels.
• 2. clump weights at the bottom of near vertical mooring legs sized to stay on the seabed during normal sea

conditions but which are lifted off the seabed during storm loading. Active option include the use of:

• 1. a clutch that disengages automatically from the unidirectional pulley from the flywheel if mooring line loads

become high allowing the recoil spring to maintain minimum tension on the vertical mooring lines at all times, but eliminates excessive loads caused by the flywheels and the generators on the vertical mooring

• system. Disengagement will prevent damage to the mechanical equipment due to high loading, high RPM

and high vessel accelerations during major storm events.

• 2. the clutch can also be disengaged remotely prior to the approach of major storm events.
• 6. A Vertical Mooring System for Power Generation and A

Horizontal Mooring System Extreme Storm Survival

• 7. Summary of Features of the Super

Watt Wave Catcher Barge

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• 7. Summary of Features of the Super Watt

Wave Catcher Barge

1. Have large high drag coefficient flat bottoms that attract significant vertical wave force. 2. These light weight barges are very responsive to wave loading and ride the waves. 3. The barges are towed to site by conventional which anchor them in less than a day. 4. The barge’s mooring legs turns 4 large wind turbine type generators located onboard. 5. Most equipment is located in a watertight enclosure on top of the barge. 6. Barge sizes are matched to environmental conditions. 7. One barge may be able to generate over 40 megawatts in normal high swell waves locations. 8. Barge mooring legs hold it on location during extreme storm events. 9. Maintenance crew access by boat or helicopter and crews work in safe above water dry top of barge enclosures.

• 10. The barge can be disconnected in less than a day and towed to shore for low cost safe onshore major maintenance.
• 11. Barge components are designed for long life and low cost replacement.
• 12. CAPEX and OPEX estimated similar to onshore wind power.
• 13. Uses reliable swell wave power 24 hours per day.
• 14. Barge are low profile, difficult to see from shore and painted for minimum visual pollution.
• 15. Cause no environmental harm since they have no discharges and have no fast moving components in the water.
• 16. Their hulls support new marine growth and increased the fish population
• 17. They use proven offshore industry barge technology and can be design to last over 25 years.
• 18. Use proven existing high output wind turbine generators.
• 19. Use proven existing offshore industry export power cables and their support technology.
• 20. This presentation will illustrate: various mooring systems that can be used in varying water depths; major system

components and their function; etc.

• 8. Special Features of the Super Watt

Wave Catcher Barge

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1. The more vertical mooring legs the more efficient the wave energy is transferred to the generators; therefore, maintaining the mooring legs as close to vertical as possible is an advantage, which also reduces possible hull interference. 2. The forces in the mooring legs will be very high unless the force is limited. The torque imposed by the generator imposes a drag on the mooring legs like a fishing reel does on a fishing line. The fishing reel's drag limiter releases the fishing line well before its breaking line load, which is the plan for this system. In addition, this system uses recoil springs to rewind the mooring lines back on the pulleys, in preparation for the next wave crest, when tension in the mooring line drops below a preset load. 3. The Super Watt version of the Wave Catcher barge uses an inclined pipe to support the articulated pulley. The center of the inclined pipe is the center of rotation of the articulated pulley and also the conduit for the mooring lines on their way to the unidirectional pulley. Any water on the mooring line belts either runs down the mooring line belts or the incline pipe back into the ocean. Flexible curtain seals inside the incline pipe eliminate water from entering the dry enclosure. 4. Two steel wire rope reinforced rubber belts are planned in separate grooves on the articulated pulleys and the unidirectional pulleys. The length of the rubber belts in upper portion of the mooring legs is set by the stroke needs of the belts in the 100 year return period storm events. Polyester mooring ropes are proposed below the rubber belts. Two 100 % capacity rubber belt and polyester ropes mooring legs are needed at each corner to allow for routine rubber belt and polyester mooring rope replacement, long fatigue life and redundancy. Polyester mooring rope spacers are planned, below the belt attachment points, to prevent mooring rope wear, rope ringing and rope-to-rope contact.

• 8. Special Features of the Super Watt Wave Catcher Barge