substitutes and complements in network flows viewed as
play

Substitutes and Complements in Network Flows Viewed as Discrete - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Substitutes and Complements in Network Flows Viewed as Discrete Convexity K a z u o M u r o t a ( U n i v . T o k y o , J a p a n ) A k i y o s h i S h i o u r a ( Z I B , G e r m a n y ; T


  1. Substitutes and Complements in Network Flows Viewed as Discrete Convexity K a z u o M u r o t a ( U n i v . T o k y o , J a p a n ) A k i y o s h i S h i o u r a ( Z I B , G e r m a n y ; T o h o k u U n i v . , J a p a n )

  2. Overview of Our Result M a x w e i g h t c i r c u l a t i o n p r o b l e m � N : v e r t e x - a r c i n c i d e n c e m a t r i x o f d i g r a p h G=(V,A) � w ( a ) : w e i g h t o f a ∈ A , c ( a ) : c a p a c i t y o f a ∈ A O u r I n t e r e s t : c o m b i n a t o r i a l p r o p e r t i e s o f o p t i m a l v a l u e f u n c t i o n f u n c t i o n i n p r o b l e m p a r a m e t e r s : w e i g h t w & c a p a c i t y c

  3. Overview of Our Result � G a l e - P o l i t o f ( 1 9 8 1 ) � F* i s s u b m o d u l a r / s u p e r m o d u l a r w . r . t . s o m e p a r a m e t e r s � w e l l - k n o w n r e s u l t i n p a r a m e t r i c L P � F* i s c o n v e x / c o n c a v e w . r . t . s o m e p a r a m e t e r s � O u r R e s u l t : � p r o v i d e a b e t t e r u n d e r s t a n d i n g f r o m t h e v i e w p o i n t o f “ d i s c r e t e c o n v e x a n a l y s i s ” ( M u r o t a 1 9 9 6 ) � F* i s M - c o n v e x / L - c o n v e x &M - c o n c a v e / L - c o n c a v e � n i c e p r o p e r t i e s i n M a t h e m a t i c a l E c o n o m i c s

  4. Sub-/Supermodularity of F* T h e o r e m ( G a l e - P o l i t o f 1 9 8 1 ) P : “ p a r a l l e l ” a r c s e t , S : “ s e r i e s ” a r c s e t F* i s ( 1 ) s u b m o d u l a r w . r . t . { w ( a ) | a ∈ P } a n d { c ( a ) | a ∈ P } ( 2 ) s u p e r m o d u l a r w . r . t . { w ( a ) | a ∈ S } a n d { c ( a ) | a ∈ S }

  5. “Parallel” & “Series” Arcs � P ⊆ A : a “ p a r a l l e l ” a r c s e t ∀ C : u n d i r e c t e d s i m p l e c y c l e i n G , a r c s i n P ∩ C h a v e d i f f e r e n t d i r e c t i o n s i n C “ p a r a l l e l ” a r c s e t

  6. “Parallel” & “Series” Arcs � P ⊆ A : a “ p a r a l l e l ” a r c s e t ∀ C : u n d i r e c t e d s i m p l e c y c l e i n G , a r c s i n P ∩ C h a v e d i f f e r e n t d i r e c t i o n s i n C

  7. “Parallel” & “Series” Arcs � P ⊆ A : a “ p a r a l l e l ” a r c s e t ∀ C : u n d i r e c t e d s i m p l e c y c l e i n G , a r c s i n P ∩ C h a v e d i f f e r e n t d i r e c t i o n s i n C

  8. “Parallel” & “Series” Arcs � P ⊆ A : a “ p a r a l l e l ” a r c s e t ∀ C : u n d i r e c t e d s i m p l e c y c l e i n G , a r c s i n P ∩ C h a v e d i f f e r e n t d i r e c t i o n s i n C

  9. “Parallel” & “Series” Arcs � S ⊆ A : a “ s e r i e s ” a r c s e t ∀ C : u n d i r e c t e d s i m p l e c y c l e i n G , a r c s i n S ∩ C h a v e t h e s a m e d i r e c t i o n i n C “ s e r i e s ” a r c s e t

  10. “Parallel” & “Series” Arcs � S ⊆ A : a “ s e r i e s ” a r c s e t ∀ C : u n d i r e c t e d s i m p l e c y c l e i n G , a r c s i n S ∩ C h a v e t h e s a m e d i r e c t i o n i n C

  11. “Parallel” & “Series” Arcs � S ⊆ A : a “ s e r i e s ” a r c s e t ∀ C : u n d i r e c t e d s i m p l e c y c l e i n G , a r c s i n S ∩ C h a v e t h e s a m e d i r e c t i o n i n C

  12. Sub-/Supermodularity of F* T h e o r e m ( G a l e - P o l i t o f 1 9 8 1 ) P : “ p a r a l l e l ” a r c s e t , S : “ s e r i e s ” a r c s e t F* i s ( 1 ) s u b m o d u l a r w . r . t . { w ( a ) | a ∈ P } a n d { c ( a ) | a ∈ P } ( 2 ) s u p e r m o d u l a r w . r . t . { w ( a ) | a ∈ S } a n d { c ( a ) | a ∈ S }

  13. Convexity/Concavity of F* � w e l l - k n o w n r e s u l t i n p a r a m e t r i c L P P r o p o s i t i o n F* i s ( 1 ) c o n v e x w . r . t . { w ( a ) | a ∈ A } ( 2 ) c o n c a v e w . r . t . { c ( a ) | a ∈ A } ( A : s e t o f a l l a r c s i n G )

  14. Summary of Previous Results � P : “ p a r a l l e l ” a r c s e t , S : “ s e r i e s ” a r c s e t � F* i s s u b m o d u l a r & c o n v e x w . r . t . { w ( a ) | a ∈ P } � F* i s s u b m o d u l a r & c o n c a v e w . r . t . { c ( a ) | a ∈ P } � F* i s s u p e r m o d u l a r & c o n v e x w . r . t . { w ( a ) | a ∈ S } � F* i s s u p e r m o d u l a r & c o n c a v e w . r . t . { c ( a ) | a ∈ S } a l l c o m b i n a t i o n o f s u b m o d u l a r i t y / s u p e r m o d u l a r i t y a n d c o n v e x i t y / c o n c a v i t y

  15. Our Result � P : “ p a r a l l e l ” a r c s e t , S : “ s e r i e s ” a r c s e t � F* i s s u b m o d u l a r & c o n v e x w . r . t . { w ( a ) | a ∈ P } � F* i s s u b m o d u l a r & c o n c a v e w . r . t . { c ( a ) | a ∈ P } � F* i s s u p e r m o d u l a r & c o n v e x w . r . t . { w ( a ) | a ∈ S } � F* i s s u p e r m o d u l a r & c o n c a v e w . r . t . { c ( a ) | a ∈ S } c o n s e q u e n c e o f d i s c r e t e c o n v e x i t y / c o n c a v i t y : M - c o n v e x i t y / M - c o n c a v i t y a n d L - c o n v e x i t y / L - c o n c a v i t y

  16. M-convexity & L-convexity � M - c o n v e x a n d L - c o n v e x f u n c t i o n s � i n t r o d u c e d b y M u r o t a ( 1 9 9 6 ) � p l a y c e n t r a l r o l e i n t h e o r y o f “ d i s c r e t e c o n v e x a n a l y s i s ” � t h e o r e t i c a l f r a m e w o r k f o r w e l l - s o l v e d c o m b i n a t o r i a l o p t i m i z a t i o n p r o b l e m s � d e e p r e l a t i o n s h i p w i t h ( p o l y ) m a t r o i d t h e o r y � c o n c e p t s f o r f u n c t i o n o v e r i n t e g e r l a t t i c e Z n � l a t e r e x t e n d e d t o f u n c t i o n s o v e r r e a l s p a c e R n � e n j o y n i c e p r o p e r t i e s a s “ d i s c r e t e c o n v e x i t y ”

  17. Fundamental Properties of M-convexity & L-convexity � M - c o n v e x , L - c o n v e x � ( c a n b e e x t e n d e d t o ) o r d i n a r y c o n v e x f u n c t i o n s � M - c o n v e x � s u p e r m o d u l a r � L - c o n v e x � s u b m o d u l a r � n i c e p r o p e r t i e s i n M a t h e m a t i c a l E c o n o m i c s

  18. Our Main Result T h e o r e m P : “ p a r a l l e l ” a r c s e t , S : “ s e r i e s ” a r c s e t F* i s ( 1 ) L - c o n v e x w . r . t . { w ( a ) | a ∈ P } � s u b m o d u l a r & c o n v e x ( 2 ) M - c o n c a v e w . r . t . { c ( a ) | a ∈ P } � s u b m o d u l a r & c o n c a v e ( 3 ) M - c o n v e x w . r . t . { w ( a ) | a ∈ S } � s u p e r m o d u l a r & c o n v e x ( 4 ) L - c o n c a v e w . r . t . { c ( a ) | a ∈ S } � s u p e r m o d u l a r & c o n c a v e

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