substitute medicinal zinc? Without compromising piglet health and - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Can feeding of prefermented rape seed and seaweed to weaners substitute medicinal zinc? Without compromising piglet health and growth performance (pilot study) Mette Olaf Nielsen, Gizaw Dabessa Satessa, & Rajan Dhakal Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences mette.olaf.nielsen@sund.ku.dk CPH pig seminar 30 January 2018

26/01/2018 2 Background Use of medicinal zinc oxide in piglet diets must be phased out by 2020 • Creates a need to find alternative and effective strategies to promote gut • health of weaner piglets in the future • Lactic acid producing bacteria are used as probiotic supplements to promote gut health • Results not always convincing • It has been proposed that additional gut health benefits for weaner piglets may be achieved if lactic acid bacteria are used to preferment certain feeds Macroalgae, particularly brown algae species, contain different bioactive • compounds, of which some appear to possess antimicrobial properties

26/01/2018 3 Hypotheses of this pilot study: • Inclusion of lactobacillus prefermented rape seed cake in piglet diets from 10 days before weaning until 91 days after weaning (33 kg liveweight): • Can substitute 2500 ppm zinc in diarrhea prevention • Without negative impact on feed intake and growth rate of pigs neither by 91 days of age (exit from weaner unit; appr. 33 kg) nor when slaughtered • The preventive effect on diarrhea is more pronounced if the supplement in addition to prefermented rape seed cake also contains certain brown macroalgae species

26/01/2018 4 D7 before Design of the pilot experiment: weaning • Conducted at private, commercial farm in Poland (120 km from Lublin) • 1350 sows (LY Danbred C22 line) • 33.5 weaned piglets ((LY)x(DP)) per sow annually (weaning: 28 days) • 440g/d average daily gain in weaner unit (exit weight: ~33 kg) • Feeding trial with 9 different dietary treatment groups (TG; mash feed) • Litters standardized to 14 piglets per sow; fixed from day 14 post-partum • Differential feeding - start: 10 days before weaning (25.09.2017) - end: at exit from weaner unit (at 91 days of age) Will be followed until slaughter (fixed date mid-March ~ 115 kg) • D4 after weaning (27.8 o C) No systemic or individual antibiotics treatment of experimental pigs • Piglets needing treatment (condition deteriorated): • eliminated from the experiment (treatment elsewhere) D15 after weaning, 6 piglets/TG were slaughtered (blood, intestines) •

26/01/2018 5 Dietary treatments 9 different treatment groups (TG; 1 pen per treatment, 50 piglets per pen): • TG1: No supplementation 0Zn (negative control) TG2: 2500 ppm zinc oxide 2500Zn (positive control) TG3: 8% of DM as prefermented rape seed: EP100i 8%EP100 TG4: 10% of DM as prefermented rape seed: EP100i 10%EP100 TG5: - As TG4 + 0.6 % of DM brown algae product: EP900 +0.6%BA TG6: - As TG4 + 1.0% of DM brown algae product: EP900 +1.0%BA TG7: 12% of DM as prefermented rape seed: EP100i 12%EP100 TG8: 15% of DM as prefermented rape seed: EP100i 15%EP100 TG9: 25% of DM as prefermented rape seed: EP100i 25%EP100 • Supplements were supplied by Fermentation Experts, Denmark, and mixed into the standard pre-weaner and starter diets Statistical analyses: all models included TG, gender and their interactions, • start weight (linear and quadratic)

26/01/2018 6 Results: Growth performance around weaning* for individual piglets (<50 observations per TG) 10%EP100 12%EP100 15%EP100 25%EP100 10%EP100 10%EP100 10%EP100 Parameter 0Zn 2500Zn 8%EP100 +0.6%BA 1.0%BA BW age: D18 5.83 5.28 5.62 4.92 4.92 4.92 5.22 4.92 5.22 5.21 kg ± SEM ± 0.88 ± 0.78 ± 0.83 ± 0.87 ± 0.83 ± 0.91 ± 0.75 ± 0.87 ± 0.99 ± 1.11 10 days before weaning until weaning (18 to 28 days of age) (corrected for BW D18 = start weight) 144 a 197 bcd 174 ab 180 bc 198 bcd 224 d 225 d 180 bc 206 bcd 214 cd ADG, g* 6.67 a 7.22 bcd 6.99 abc 6.94 ab 7.22 bcd 7.48 d 7.50 d 6.94 ab 7.29 bcd 7.36 cd BW D28, kg From weaning until 14 days after weaning (28-41 days of age) (corrected for start weight) 108 ab 98 a 153 b 103 ab 148 ab 99 a 116 ab 103 ab 124 ab 123 ab ADG, g* 7.78 a 8.34 ab 8.96 bc 8.31 ab 9.18 c 8.80 bc 9.01 bc 8.31 ab 8.91 bc 8.96 bc BW D41, kg From 10 days before weaning until 14 days after weaning (18-41 days of age) (corrected for start weight) 110 a 135 ab 162 bc 134 ab 171 c 154 bc 164 bc 134 ab 159 bc 162 bc ADG, g* *ADG: Average Daily Weight Gain; BW: Body weight <0Zn and =2500Zn Piglets eliminated included until time of elimination; P<0.0001 (ADG;W -> D14: 0.0032) <2500Zn

26/01/2018 7 Results: Growth performance around weaning* for individual piglets (<50 observations per TG) 10%EP100 12%EP100 15%EP100 25%EP100 10%EP100 10%EP100 10%EP100 Parameter 0Zn 2500Zn 8%EP100 +0.6%BA 1.0%BA BW d18 5.83 5.28 5.62 4.92 4.92 4.92 5.22 4.92 5.22 5.21 kg ± SEM - EP100i increased ADG pre-weaning to the same extent (at least) than 2500Zn ± 0.88 ± 0.78 ± 0.83 ± 0.87 ± 0.83 ± 0.91 ± 0.75 ± 0.87 ± 0.99 ± 1.11 10 days before weaning until weaning (18 to 28 days of age) (corrected for start weight) - Pre-weaning ADG and weight at weaning increased with increasing EP100i up to 15% in DM 6.67 a 7.22 bcd 6.99 abc 6.94 ab 7.22 bcd 7.48 d 7.50 d 6.94 ab 7.29 bcd 7.36 cd BW d28 kg - Slight further increase in weaning weight with BA 144 a 197 bcd 174 ab 180 bc 198 bcd 224 d 225 d 180 bc 206 bcd 214 cd ADG, g*** From weaning until 14 days after weaning (28-41 days of age) (corrected for start weight) 7.78 a 8.34 ab 8.96 bc 8.31 ab 9.18 c 8.80 bc 9.01 bc 8.31 ab 8.91 bc 8.96 bc BW d41 kg 108 ab 98 a 153 b 103 ab 148 ab 99 a 116 ab 103 ab 124 ab 123 ab ADG, g From weaning until 14 days after weaning (28-41 days of age) (corrected for start weight) 110 a 135 ab 162 bc 134 ab 171 c 154 bc 164 bc 134 ab 159 bc 162 bc ADG, g *Piglets eliminated included until time of elimination Treatment effect: P<0.0001 (ADG; W -> D14: 0.0032)

26/01/2018 8 Results: Feed Conversion Rate (kg feed/kg body weight gain) (pen level; 1 observation per TG; raw data) Parameter: 0Zn 2500Zn 8%EP 10%EP 12%EP 15%EP 25%EP 10%EP +0.6%BA +1.0%BA Average daily weight gain after weaning (from average piglet weights at period start and end) : D15-30 226 230 316 329 293 291 294 329 281 298 D31-64 625 633 594 651 558 647 612 651 540 599 Feed conversion rate after weaning (kg feed/kg liveweight gain): D1-14 2.10 2.30 1.55 1.80 1.55 1.77 1.72 1.80 1.60 1.73 D15-37 1.67 1.62 1.62 1.54 1.57 1.54 1.52 1.54 1.60 1.59 D38-65 1.55 1.45 1.64 1.56 1.56 1.53 1.56 1.56 1.61 1.58 Whole weaner unit period (D1-64): Exit D64 post-weaning 33.6 33.8 34.7 35.4 32.4 35.0 34.5 35.4 31.7 34.1 Daily weight gain 408 414 425 450 400 437 422 450 382 418 FCR 1.60 1.54 1.63 1.56 1.56 1.54 1.56 1.56 1.61 1.59 Better than 2500Zn As good as 2500Zn

26/01/2018 9 Results: Feed Conversion Rate (kg feed/kg body weight gain) (pen level; 1 observation per TG; raw data) Parameter: 0Zn 2500Zn 8%EP 10%EP 12%EP 15%EP 25%EP 10%EP +0.6%BA +1.0%BA Average daily weight gain after weaning (from average piglet weights at period start and end) : Data from 1 pen only, but if anything – EP100i compared to 2500Zn: D15-30 226 230 316 329 293 291 294 329 281 298 D31-64 625 633 594 651 558 647 612 651 540 599 - Increased weight at exit from weaner unit (91 days of age)~1 kg Feed conversion rate after weaning (kg feed/kg liveweight gain): - Increased ADG D1-37 after weaning ~ 55-100g/d D1-14 2.10 2.30 1.55 1.80 1.55 1.77 1.72 1.80 1.60 1.73 - Improved FCR in weaner unit: D15-37 1.67 1.62 1.62 1.54 1.57 1.54 1.52 1.54 1.60 1.59 - Overall from D1-37 D38-65 1.55 1.45 1.64 1.56 1.56 1.53 1.56 1.56 1.61 1.58 - Same overall FCR from insertion to exit from weaner unit Whole weaner unit period (D1-64): Exit D64 post-weaning 33.6 33.8 34.7 35.4 32.4 35.0 34.5 35.4 31.7 34.1 No additional beneficial effect of BA Daily weight gain 408 414 425 450 400 437 422 450 382 418 FCR 1.60 1.54 1.63 1.56 1.56 1.54 1.56 1.56 1.61 1.59 Better than 2500Zn As good as 2500Zn

10 26/01/2018 Results: Piglet diarrhea after weaning (pen level; 1 observation per TG) No. of diarrhea cases: 0Zn 2500Zn 8%EP 10%EP 12%EP 15%EP 25%EP 10%EP +0.6%BA +1.0%BA Until D14 6 1 0 4 0 2 2 4 2 0 D15-64 6 2 12 15 6 10 4 15 6 10 Duration per case 1.41 1.0 1.83 1.55 1.33 2.08 1.33 1.55 1.69 1.77 (avg.) Total diarrhea days 17 3 22 31 8 25 8 31 22 39 Piglets completing (%) 77 91 93 84 89 81 89 84 90 83 EP100: - Ensured piglet completion rates ~ 2500Zn - Without preventing diarrhea symptoms - Ie. diarrhea was less detrimental (survival, growth) - Reduced intestinal damage and immune cell infiltration - Feed induced osmotic diarrhea?

26/01/2018 11 Results: Small intestinal villi height (6 slaughtered piglets D11 after weaning per TG) Villi height (µm) % EP100 in diet DM EP100: - Increased small intestinal villi height <35% (maximal effect: 10% EP100i in diet) - Stimulated extensive folding of villi => ↑↑↑ increase in surface area - Immune cell infiltration and enterocyte morphological changes absent - Also in colon