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1 st IAEA TM on Divertor Concepts ASIPP Study for advanc e d dive r tor magne tic c onfigur ation on E AST unde r ste ady- state c ondition . Che n 1 , B.J. Xia o 1,2 , J.G. L 1,2 , X.D. Zha ng 1 , Z.P. L uo 1 , Q.P.Yua n 1 , Y. Hua

slide-1
SLIDE 1

ASIPP/ EAST

ASIPP

Study for advanc e d dive r tor magne tic c onfigur ation on E AST unde r ste ady- state c ondition

B.J. Xia o 1,2, J.G. L i

1,2, X.D. Zha ng 1, Z.P. L

uo 1, Q.P.Yua n1, Y. Hua ng 1, Y. Guo 1, S.L . Che n1,，

  • G. Ca la b rò 3, R. Alb a ne se 2, R. Amb ro sino 4, F

. Crisa nti

3, D. A. Humphre ys5, A.W. Hya tt5, E

. K

  • le me n6, L

. Ba rb a to 4, G. De T

  • mma si

4, E

. Gio va nno zzi

1, S. Ma stro ste fa no 4, A. Piro nti 4, V.

Pe ric o li Rido ldfini

4, G. Ra mo g ida 4, A.A. T

uc c illo 3, F . Villo ne 4, B. Vio la 3, R. Za g ó rski

7, J.P.

Qia n1, J. X. Zhe ng 1, G.N. L UO 1,2, S.J. Du1, Q.Q. Yu1 a nd E AST te a m

1Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China 2University of Science and Technology of China, China 3ENEA, Unità Tecnica Fusione, Italy 4CREATE, Università di Napoli Federico II, Italy 5General Atomics, United States 6Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, United States 7Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, Poland

1st IAEA TM on Divertor Concepts

slide-2
SLIDE 2

ASIPP/ EAST

2

OUT L INE  Motivation  E

AST QSF mode ling and e xpe r ime nt

 E

AST F ishtail dive r tor c onc e pt

 Summar

y

slide-3
SLIDE 3

ASIPP/ EAST

3

OUT L INE  Motivation  E

AST QSF mode ling and e xpe r ime nt

 E

AST F ishtail dive r tor c onc e pt

 Summar

y

slide-4
SLIDE 4

ASIPP/ EAST

4

Motivation: Powe r e xhaust c halle nge dive r tor

  • pe r

ation

T he po we r tha t ha s to b e e xha uste d in-ve sse l fo r a fusio n re a c to r > 20% o f the fusio n po we r, he a t lo a d de po sit o ve r mm ra ng e ne a rb y the strike po int o n dive rto r ta rg e t.

F

  • r

a c onve ntional dive r tor in r e ac tor

  • Pe a k he a t flux > 10 MW fo r no rma l o pe ra tio n
  • > 20 MW fo r E

L My in sho rt pe rio d

Options to r e duc e the dive r tor he at loads

  • T

ile tilting

  • Hig h flux e xpa nsio n a t strike po ints
  • Strike po int swe e p, pe rturb e d fie ld b y RMPs, e tc .
  • SOL

ra dia tio n, a nd dive rto r de ta c hme nt

Magne tic s Solutions pr

  • pose d to r

e duc e the he at loads

  • T

he Sno wfla ke Dive rto r [D.D. Ryuto v, 2007]

  • T

he X-Dive rto r & Supe r-X Dive rto r [M. K

  • tsc he nre uthe r,

2004, P.M. Va la nju, 2009]

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SLIDE 5

ASIPP/ EAST

5

X-d (QSF ), Supe r X, or Snowflake (+,-)

Sta nda rd Dive rto r X-dive rto r Supe r X-dive rto r

  • M. K
  • tsc he nre uthe r, I

AE A F E C, (2004)

  • M. K
  • tsc he nre uthe r, POP 14, (2007)
  • P.M. Va la nju, POF

16, (2009)

  • D.D. Ryutov, POP 14, (2007)
  • D.D. Ryutov, POP 15, (2008)
  • D.D. Ryutov, Phys. Scr. 89, 88002 (2014)
slide-6
SLIDE 6

ASIPP/ EAST

6

OUT L INE  Motivation  E

AST QSF e quilibr ium mode ling and simulation

 E

AST QSF e xpe r ime nt

 Summar

y

slide-7
SLIDE 7

ASIPP/ EAST

7

What c an E AST do for SF ?

SF Dive r te d Configur ation De sign on E AST (Ip=250kA)

  • Supe r

c onduc tive inte gr ate d PF c oils

  • Cur

r e nt limit for e ve r y c oil: 14 kA

  • F

ar distanc e be twe e n c oils and plasma

E AST tokamak fe atur e s: Highe r amptur ns r e quir e me nt on c oils

Solution? Quasi-Snowflake

slide-8
SLIDE 8

ASIPP/ EAST

8

E AST QSF E quilibr ium Mode ling

* D. F rig io ne , 1st I AE A DE MO Pro g ra m Wo rksho p 15-18 Oc t. 2012, UCL A L

  • s Ang e le s, CA. USA

* G. Ca la b ro , 7th I AE A T e c hniq ue Me e ting o n SSO, 14-17 Ma y 2013, Aix e n Pro ve nc e , F ra nc e * Y. Guo , 12th Asia Pa c ific Physic s Co nfe re nc e , 14-19 July 2013, Ma kuha ri, Chib a , Ja pa n

T he Qua si-Sno wfla ke dive rto r (QSF ) c o nfig ura tio n is simila r to a pure sno wfla ke .

A pure sno wfla ke ha s a sing le se c o nd o rde r null. Any de pa rture fro m the pe rfe c te d pure sno wfla ke c o nditio n, le a ds to the fo rma tio n o f two nulls.

D  Dexpansion  a  a

 

1 3

D = dista nc e b e twe e n two nulls a = mino r ra dius

∆ = mid-plane SOL width

Onc e sa tisfy:

QSF E q uilib rium pro po sa l fo r F AST & E AST

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SLIDE 9

ASIPP/ EAST

9

Static e quilibr ia pr

  • ve E

AST availability for QSF

Blac k: SN: Conne c tion L

e ngth: L =95m & F lux E xpansion: fm=2.1

slide-10
SLIDE 10

ASIPP/ EAST

10

1st T ar ge t, RZIP c ontr

  • lle d E

AST QSF

T ar ge t Plasma E quilibr ium limite d QSF limite d QSF

1.6s 3.75s 1.6s 3.75s

R [m]

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

Z [m]

  • 2
  • 1.5
  • 1
  • 0.5

0.5 1 1.5 2

PF1 PF2 PF3 PF4 PF5 PF6 PF7 PF8 PF9 PF10 PF11 PF12 PF13 PF14 IC1 IC2

LCFS of 1.6s & 3.75s

1.6s 3.75s

slide-11
SLIDE 11

ASIPP/ EAST

11

Shape Compar ison of E AST QSF and L SN

Sc he ma tic 2D vie w o f E AST with SN # 47038 a t t=4.5s (b la c k so lid line ) a nd QSF (re d so lid line ) a t t=4.5s pla sma b o unda rie s.

R [m]

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

Z [m]

  • 2
  • 1.5
  • 1
  • 0.5

0.5 1 1.5 2

PF1 PF2 PF3 PF4 PF5 PF6 PF7 PF8 PF9 PF10 PF11 PF12 PF13 PF14 IC1 IC2

47038 48971

D=79cm

Main magne tic ge ome tr y for QSF and SN

QSF 48971@4.5s SN 47038@4.5s SOL Volume [m 3]

0.389 0.260

Conne c tion L e ngth [m]

189.91 144.38

Magne tic flux e xpansion at oute r SP fm,out

8.22 2.01

Magne tic fie ld angle at

  • ute r

SP αout [de g]

0.33 1.22

Magne tic flux e xpansion at inne r SP fm,in

4.71 2.34

Magne tic fie ld angle at inne r SP αin [de g]

0.90 1.29

Pe ak he at flux [MW/ m 2]

0.10 0.21

slide-12
SLIDE 12

ASIPP/ EAST

12

Signific ant pe ak flux r e duc tion by QSF

T ime e vo lutio n o f ma in pla sma q ua ntitie s fo r SN (# 47038) a nd QSF disc ha rg e (# 48971) Spa tio -te mpo ra l pro file s o f io n sa tura tio n c urre nt de nsity jSATfo r SN (# 47038) a nd QSF disc ha rg e (# 48971). Onc e QSF c o nfig ura tio n b e c o me s sta b le , the pe a k

  • f jSA Tis o b se rve d to dra stic a lly dro p

indic a ting a po ssib le he a t flux re duc tio n.

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SLIDE 13

ASIPP/ EAST

Pe ak he at r e duc tion by mode ling and e xpe r ime nt

  • bse r

vation

13

‐0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35

‐0.1 ‐0.05 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25

Distance along target [m] MW/m2

SN QSF SNexp QSFexp

I nfra re d c a me ra me a sure d (SNe xp & QSF e xp)a nd simula te d po we r de nsity (SN & QSF ) a t the lo we r o ute r ta rg e t.

#48971@4.5s

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SLIDE 14

ASIPP/ EAST

14

E AST QSF by ISOF L UX shape fe e dbac k c ontr

  • l

R [m]

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

Z [m]

  • 2
  • 1.5
  • 1
  • 0.5

0.5 1 1.5 2

PF1 PF2 PF3 PF4 PF5 PF6 PF7 PF8 PF9 PF10 PF11 PF12 PF13 PF14 IC1 IC2

55993@2.8s

RZIP ISOLSN

200ms oscillation indicates there will be good QSF by ISOFLUX control

  • Before 2.7s, using RZIP control
  • 2.7s~2.8s transition from RZIP to ISOFLUX
  • feed forward current on coils based on previous QSF discharge
  • target Equilibrium at2.7s from previous QSF reconstruction
slide-15
SLIDE 15

ASIPP/ EAST

15

E AST QSF by ISOF L UX shape fe e dbac k c ontr

  • l

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

IP [kA]

100 200 300

56429 56431 56495

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

R [m]

1.7 1.8 1.9 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Z [m]

  • 0.2

0.2 0.4

Time [s]

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

IC [kA]

  • 5

5 10

slide-16
SLIDE 16

ASIPP/ EAST

16

19 s E AST QSF assiste d by L HW, Vloop~0

  • 0.2-2.7s, RZIP + feed forward PF current to reach QSF shape
  • After 2.7s, using ISO-SN+PEFIT, longest shot 56603

To optimize the LHW coupling:

  • Gap and shape
  • Gas puff on the

antenna

slide-17
SLIDE 17

ASIPP/ EAST

17

H mode E AST QSF : Ip 250kA, P~ 1.7(L

HW) + 3.8 (NBI) MW

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SLIDE 18

ASIPP/ EAST

18

Signific ant pe ak he at load r e duc tion in H-mode

LSN 57237: LHW (0.9 MW + 1.0 MW) + NBI (2.0 MW + 1.8 MW) QSF 57239: LHW (0.9 MW + 0.8 MW ) + NBI (2.0 MW + 1.8 MW)

Peak qt MWm-2 2 4 6

EAST Shot:57239

PLHCD (MW)

  • 0.5

0.5 1 Time(s) 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 PNBI (MW) 2 4

QSF LSN

Peak qt MWm-2 20 40 60

EAST Shot:57237

PLHCD (MW)

  • 1

1 2 Time(s) 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 PNBI (MW) 2 4

slide-19
SLIDE 19

ASIPP/ EAST

Initial MIMO control of QSF shape

  • Contr
  • l

var iable s: F luxe s, B

p at X 19 Ip (A)

ne (10e19/m3)

Z (m) R (m) Ic (A) Time (s)

Shot: 56901

slide-20
SLIDE 20

ASIPP/ EAST

20

OUT L INE  Motivation  E

AST QSF mode ling and e xpe r ime nt

 E

AST F ishtailing dive r tor c onc e pt

X.D. Zhang, J.P . Qian, J.X. Zhen, G.-N. Luo S.J. Du, B.J. Xiao, Q. Yu* * Max-Planck IPP in Garching

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SLIDE 21

ASIPP/ EAST

21

F ishtailing dive r tor : AC c oils ne ar tar ge t

21

 A coil runs ~±5kA AC current moves the strike point by +- 5 cm, thus spreads the heat load in time averaged way and reduces the peak target temperature.

X-point

strike points

AC coil AC coil

reciprocating motion like fishtail swing

Divertor configuration like fishtail Heat flux spreading and decrease the temperature of divertor

Magnetic scanning divertor

Idea: strike point sweeping in a time scale shorter than the thermal transient to avoid the overheating of the target

slide-22
SLIDE 22

ASIPP/ EAST Fishtail divertor: AC in coil near the target

  • 5 kA c an move str

ike point by +- 5 c m (Ip~ 500 kA)

22

Significant change of the strike point, less influence to X points , shape and core plasma

slide-23
SLIDE 23

ASIPP/ EAST 10 Hz AC @ 5 kA reduces T MAX

23

Heat flux 10MW/m2 width 2cm no swing vs. swing width 10cm C target Mo target

Target Swing Swing width 10cm Heat flux Width1cm 10MW/m2 Heat flux width 2cm 10MW/m2

C: no swing 1057

˚ C

1872

˚ C

C: 10 Hz 525 532 C: 20 Hz 520 525 C: 40Hz 516 520 Mo: no swing 1235 1994 Mo: 10 Hz 578 586 Mo: 20 Hz 572 578 Mo: 40Hz 567 570 W: no swing 1155 1878 W: 10 Hz 550 557 W: 20 Hz 544 550 W: 40Hz 540 544

slide-24
SLIDE 24

ASIPP/ EAST

FTD Application to DEMO or CFETR

24

New divertor structure and configuration or combination of advanced concepts. FTD can spread heat flux of DEMO in mm scale to ten more cm in a time average way,

 Long divertor leg  Far away and less effects on core plasma  Neutron shield of FTD coil Active control are needed to reduce heat load

  • f divertor target.
  • FTD sweeping control
  • Radiation cooling divertor control
  • ELMy mitigation control
  • Other advanced divertor concept like

snowflake, X-D or super-X.

Long leg and radiation cooling chamber combine with FTD

slide-25
SLIDE 25

ASIPP/ EAST

Summary

  • De monstr

ate d the possibility of QSF

  • n E

AST

– Ve rifie d the QSF disc ha rg e c o ntro l with PE F I T / I SOF L UX sha pe fe e db a c k. – E xplo re d the QSF

  • pe ra tio n in lo ng -pulse & H-mo de
  • De monstr

ate d in c alc ulation the pote ntial of fishtailing dive r tor to swe e p str ike point and r e duc e s the SS tar ge t te mpe r atur e signific antly

  • F

utur e wor k

– Ro b ust c o ntro l o n flux e xpa nsio n o r 2nd X po int to e xplo re the he a t lo a d de pe nde nc e o n the dive rto r he a t lo a d – RF c o upling unde r o ptimize d QSF sha pe . – F ishta iling c urre nt influe nc e to the pla sma sha pe , sta b ility a nd c o re pa ra me te rs a nd the e ng ine e ring fe a sib ility.

25

slide-26
SLIDE 26

ASIPP/ EAST

Thank you for your attention!