Student and researcher mobility - Panorama and challenges Sarah - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Student and researcher mobility

• Panorama and challenges

Sarah Kups OECD Development Centre

The number of mobile students is increasing

1.6 1.6 1.9 2.1 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.8 3.2 3.3 3.4 2.1 2.1 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.5 3.8 4.2 4.4 4.5

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

OECD countries Worldwide

Foreign students worldwide and in OECD countries, 2000-12 (Millions)

Source: OECD (2015). International Migration Outlook. Underlying data Source: OECD Online Education Database, www.oecd.org/education/database.htm.

Africa’s students are highly mobile

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 1 2 3 4 5 6 North America Latin America and the Caribbean South and West Asia Central and Eastern Europe East Asia and the Pacific Arab states Western Europe Sub-saharan Africa Central Asia Share of mobile students within region % enrolled students studying abroad Share of enrolled students studying abroad Share studying within region

Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics

… and researchers are highly mobile as well

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Sedentary Outflow Transitory Inflow East Africa South Africa Southern Africa West and Central Africa

Source: Blom, Lan and Adil. Sub-Saharan African Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics Research – A decade of development. World Bank: 2016.

Opportunities and challenges of scientific mobility

• Scientific mobility can benefit the students and

researchers themselves as well as their countries of destination….

Opportunities and challenges

• f scientific mobility
• Scientific mobility can benefit the students and

researchers themselves as well as their countries of destination….

• … but also their countries of origin, even if they

choose not to return

Opportunities and challenges

• f scientific mobility
• Scientific mobility can benefit the students and

researchers themselves as well as their countries of destination….

• … but also their countries of origin, even if they

choose not to return

• However, studying abroad may be the only

possibility rather than an active choice for some

Policies that can increase scientific mobility

• OECD countries have pursued a variety of

policies to increase scientific mobility (OECD Science, Technology and Industry Outlook 2014)

Financial incentives Mutual degree recognition Simplified visa processes and/or post-study work rights

Policies that can increase scientific mobility

• OECD countries have pursued a variety of

policies to increase scientific mobility (OECD Science, Technology and Industry Outlook 2014)

Financial incentives Mutual degree recognition Simplified visa processes and/or post-study work rights

• Such policies can also be found elsewhere (e.g.

Southern African Development Community)

Policies that increase scientific mobility

• OECD countries have pursued a variety of

policies to increase scientific mobility (OECD Science, Technology and Industry Outlook 2014)

Financial incentives Mutual degree recognition Simplified visa processes and/or post-study work rights

• Such policies can also be found elsewhere (e.g.

Southern African Development Community)

• Several countries with large scientific diasporas

provide career planning and financial incentives for return

Thank you for your attention

Sarah.kups@oecd.org