Slide 1 / 116 Slide 2 / 116 New Jersey Center for Teaching and Learning Progressive Science Initiative BIOLOGY This material is made freely available at www.njctl.org and is intended for the non-commercial use of students and teachers. These materials may not be Anatomy & Physiology used for any commercial purpose without the written permission of the owners. NJCTL maintains its website for the convenience of teachers who wish to make their work available to other teachers, participate in a virtual professional learning community, and/or provide access to course April 2014 materials to parents, students and others. www.njctl.org Click to go to website: www.njctl.org Slide 3 / 116 Slide 4 / 116 Vocabulary Vocabulary Click on each word below to go to the definition. Click on each word below to go to the definition. acquired immunity digestive system hydroskeleton negative feedback simple adipose ectotherm skeletal system hypodermis nervous tissue alimentary canal endocrine system stratified ingestion nervous system anatomy endoskeleton striated innate immunity neuron squamous appendicular skeleton endotherm integumentary system peristalsis axial skeleton epidermis urinary system intercalated discs phagocytosis basement membrane epithelial tissue interstitial fluid physiology cephalization erythrocytes leukocytes platelets circulatory system excretion lymphatic system positive feedback columnar exoskeleton muscle tissue respiratory system connective tissue filtration muscular system secretion cuboidal gastrovascular cavity dermis hemolymph Slide 5 / 116 Slide 6 / 116 Table of Contents Click on the topic to go to that section · Structure and Function Structure and Function · Tissues · Organ Systems · Homeostasis Return to Table of Contents
Slide 7 / 116 Slide 8 / 116 Structure and Function Structure and Function The adaptations that different The relationship between structure and function is an important animals have to allow them to overarching concept in biology and studying this relationship will perform various functions have all help us to understand animals. been fashioned by natural selection. Structure ( anatomy ) and function ( physiology ) are studied together because function is determined by structure. Natural selection has "fitted" structure to function by selecting, over many generations, what works best within a particular population The long bill of the sword-billed in it's environment. hummingbird makes it particularly suited to extracting nectar from flowers with deep hypanthium (nectar What elephant adaptations make it suited for its environment? chamber). Slide 9 / 116 Slide 10 / 116 Levels of Organization Structure and Function Elephants are suited to their environment: Structure in living things is organized in a series of Ears with large surface area allow efficient heat hierarchical levels. dissipation. Tusks are used as tools or for protection. tissue organ organ system organism Trunk is used for breathing, grasping and lifting. Slide 11 / 116 Slide 12 / 116 1 The study of an organism's structure is known as ____, Levels of Organization while the study of its function is ____. tissue organ organ system organism A physiology; anatomy B anatomy; physiology A group of Two or more All the organ Multiple organs cells that Answer tissues that systems that function C physicality; anonymity work work functioning together to together together to together as perform a vital D anonymity; physicality to perform perform a an integrated body function. a certain specific unit. function. task. Circulatory system Cardiac tissue Heart Human
Slide 12 (Answer) / 116 Slide 13 / 116 1 The study of an organism's structure is known as ____, 2 Two or more tissues that work together to perform a while the study of its function is ____. specific task is A physiology; anatomy A a cell. B anatomy; physiology B an organ. Answer C physicality; anonymity B C an organ system. Answer D anonymity; physicality D an organism. [This object is a pull tab] Slide 13 (Answer) / 116 Slide 14 / 116 2 Two or more tissues that work together to perform a 3 The digestive system is an organ system that is specific task is composed of several organs, including the stomach, small intestine and liver. Each of these organs are composed of A a cell. B an organ. A organisms. Answer Answer C an organ system. B bacteria. B D an organism. C organ systems. D tissues. [This object is a pull tab] Slide 14 (Answer) / 116 Slide 15 / 116 3 The digestive system is an organ system that is composed of several organs, including the stomach, small intestine and liver. Each of these organs are composed of Tissues A organisms. Answer B bacteria. D C organ systems. D tissues. [This object is a pull tab] Return to Table of Contents
Slide 16 / 116 Slide 17 / 116 Epithelial Tissue Tissues Epithelial Tissue consists of many cells tightly packed together with very little extracellular matrix. It covers body surfaces and lines internal organs and body cavities. One side of the tissue is anchored to the underlying tissues by a basement membrane (a dense layer of extracellular matrix consisting of fibrous proteins and polysaccharides.) The other side is the free surface and it faces the outside of an organ or the inside of a tube or passageway. Source: Davidson College Biology Department Slide 18 / 116 Slide 19 / 116 Epithelial Tissue Epithelial Tissue Epithelial tissues are named according to the number of cell layers The structure of each type of epithelial tissue fits its function. they have and to the shape of the cells on the free surface: Simple squamous epithelium is very thin and is Simple: A single layer of cells. suitable for exchange of materials via diffusion. It makes up capillaries and alveoli (air sacs in the Stratified: Multiple layers of cells. lungs). Squamous: Flat cells Stratified squamous epithelium can Cuboidal: Cube shaped cells be found in areas subject to abrasion, such as the esophagus or our skin. Columnar: Taller than they are wide Slide 20 / 116 Slide 20 (Answer) / 116 4 A dense layer of extracellular matrix that anchors 4 A dense layer of extracellular matrix that anchors epithelial tissue to underlying tissues is called the epithelial tissue to underlying tissues is called the A apical surface. A apical surface. B epithelia. B epithelia. C basement membrane. C basement membrane. Answer Answer C D lymph. D lymph. [This object is a pull tab]
Slide 21 / 116 Slide 21 (Answer) / 116 5 How would you classify an epithelial tissue that has many 5 How would you classify an epithelial tissue that has many layers of cube shaped cells? layers of cube shaped cells? A simple cuboidal A simple cuboidal B simple squamous B simple squamous Answer Answer C stratified cuboidal C stratified cuboidal C D stratified columnar D stratified columnar [This object is a pull tab] Slide 22 / 116 Slide 23 / 116 Connective Tissue Connective Tissue Type Description Location Connective tissue is opposite of epithelial tissue in that it contains Binds epithelia to underlying Loose In the skin and few cells and a lot of extracellular matrix. The extracellular matrix tissues and holds organs in includes certain fibers and other chemicals that are secreted by the connective throughout body. place. cells. Fibrous Attaches muscles to bones and Tendons and connective connects bones at joints. ligaments Hard mineralized tissue that Bone Skeleton There are six major types gives structure. of connective tissue: Liquid extracellular matrix. cartilage, bone, Blood Functions: defense, carry O 2 and Blood vessels adipose (fat), blood, loose clotting. connective and fibrous Various locations: connective. nose, ears, Cartilage Strong but flexible support. between vertebrae. Adipose Stores fat for fuel and insulation. Various locations. Slide 24 / 116 Slide 24 (Answer) / 116 6 The Achille's tendon attaches the calf muscle to the heel 6 The Achille's tendon attaches the calf muscle to the heel bone. Of what type of tissue is this composed? bone. Of what type of tissue is this composed? A fibrous connective A fibrous connective B cartilage B cartilage Answer Answer A C loose connective C loose connective D adipose D adipose [This object is a pull tab]
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