stress and restore sanity Kate Pickett & Richard Wilkinson - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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stress and restore sanity Kate Pickett & Richard Wilkinson - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Nov 18, 2023 189 likes •694 views

The Impact of Income Inequality: how more equal societies reduce stress and restore sanity Kate Pickett & Richard Wilkinson Professors of Social Epidemiology Segregation in the USA African-American White Source: Census 2000; and Lewis

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The Impact of Income Inequality: how more equal societies reduce stress and restore sanity

Kate Pickett & Richard Wilkinson

Professors of Social Epidemiology

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Segregation in the USA

Source: Census 2000; and Lewis Mumford Center, University of Albany

African-American White

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The Spirit Level showed

  • Income inequality is

linked to a wide range

  • f health and social

problems

  • The effects are large

and there are big differences between societies

  • Not only the poor are

affected, inequality affects the whole population

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Wilkinson & Pickett, The Spirit Level

Index of:

  • Life expectancy
  • Math & Literacy
  • Infant mortality
  • Homicides
  • Imprisonment
  • Teenage births
  • Trust
  • Obesity
  • Mental illness

– incl. drug & alcohol addiction

  • Social mobility

www.equalitytrust.org.uk

Health and social problems are worse in more unequal countries

Index of health and social problems

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Photo by kind permission of Matt Stuart

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Mental Health Foundation Survey, UK 2018

74% of adults (83% of 18-24 year-olds) felt so stressed they were overwhelmed or unable to cope sometime in the past year. 32% of adults (39% of 18-24 year-olds) had suicidal feelings as a result of stress. 16% of adults (29% of 18-24 year olds) had self-harmed as a result of stress.

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  • How income inequality

undermines feelings of self-worth and damages mental health

  • How popular myths

about human nature and capabilities are used to justify inequality

  • How we can tackle

inequality and why we must do so to make the transition to sustainable wellbeing

The Inner Level shows:

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www.equalitytrust.org.uk

Wilkinson & Pickett, The Spirit Level

Mental illness is more common in more unequal societies

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Individual differences will explain who falls, but the height of the hurdles will explain how many fall

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Robert Walker et al. Poverty in global perspective Journal of Social Policy 2013; 42, 215-233

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Dominance Behavioural System

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Redrawn from Layte and Whelan (2014), data kindly provided by Richard Layte

Status anxiety is higher at all income levels in more unequal countries

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There is more depression…

Redrawn from data in: Messias E, Eaton WW, Grooms AN. Economic grand rounds: Income inequality and depression prevalence across the United States: an ecological study. Psychiatric Services. 2011;62(7):710-712.

AL AK AZ AR CA CO CT DE FL GA HI ID IL IN IA KS LA ME MD MA MI MN MS MO MT NE NV NH NM NY ND OH OK OR RI SC TN TX UT VT VA WA WV WI WY

5 10 15 Low High Income Inequality

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More people exaggerate their self-importance…

Redrawn from data kindly provided by Peter Kuppens and Steve Loughnan et al . Economic inequality is linked to biased self-

  • perception. Psychological science. 2011;22(10):1254-1258.

Australia Belgium China Estonia Germany Hungary Italy Japan Korea Peru South Africa Singapore Spain USA Venezuela

Low High Low High Income inequality

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….and become more narcissistic

Income Inequality Narcissm 20 25 30 35 Top 5% income share 15 16 17 18 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

College students’ Narcissistic Personality Inventory scores over time reflect the rise in US income inequality

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Burns JK, et al.. Int J Soc Psychiatry, 2013; 60(2), 185–96.

…there is more schizophrenia

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Addictive behaviour increases: e.g., gambling

Italy Norway UK Germany Denmark Belgium Netherlands USA Australia Finland New Zealand Sweden Canada Switzerland France Singapore

1 2 3 4 Low High Income Inequality

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There is more advertising in more unequal countries

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Money and consumerism become more important

Debt Inequality 60 80 100 120 Household debt, % of disposable income Low High 1963 1968 1973 1978 1983 1988 1993 1998 2003 Year

Redrawn from data kindly provided by Iacoviello M. Household Debt and Income Inequality, 1963–2003. Journal of Money, Credit and Banking. 2008;40(5):929-965.

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People withdraw from social interaction

Redrawn from data in: Lancee B, Van de Werfhorst HG. Income inequality and participation: A comparison of 24 European

  • countries. Social science research. 2012;41(5):1166-1178.

Austria Cyprus Czech Republic Germany Denmark Estonia Spain Finland France Greece Hungary Ireland Iceland Italy Lithuania Luxembourg Latvia Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Sweden Slovakia United Kingdom

Low High Low High Income Inequality

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Reproduced with kind permission of Kate Pybus, PhD student, University of York

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World's 26 richest people own as much as poorest 50%, says Oxfam

Photo: Bloomberg via Getty Images

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Waiting for lunch at Morecambe Bay Primary School in Morecambe, England. About a third of the school’s 350 students would not have breakfast unless the school provided it, one teacher said. Credit: Laura Boushnak for The New York Times BRITAIN’S BIG SQUEEZE In Britain, Even Children Are Feeling the Effects of Austerity

By Patrick Kingsley

New York Times, Sept. 26, 2018

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www.equalitytrust.org.uk

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Shut out of society, young Londoners talk to UN poverty envoy

United Nations rapporteur Philip Alston with Young Equality Campaigners in London Photo: Ealing Council

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