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Strange Stuff: A Second Quantum Revolution
Strange Stuff: A Second Quantum Revolution This talk: quantum - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Strange Stuff: A Second Quantum Revolution This talk: quantum - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Strange Stuff: A Second Quantum Revolution This talk: quantum physics (without the eastern philosophy) a recent revolution in bringing quantum weirdness into the macro-world F = m a h = vt - gt 2 F = m a F = m a Bohr Schrdinger
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This talk: quantum physics (without the eastern philosophy) a recent revolution in bringing quantum weirdness into the macro-world
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F = m a
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h = vt - ½gt2
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F = m a
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F = m a
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Planck Schrödinger Bohr Heisenberg
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“Quantum physics makes me so happy... it’s like looking at the universe naked”
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Ψ
Superposition Entanglement
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Quantum Superposition
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Up
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Down
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Both
+
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+
Both “quantum superposition”
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Superposition
Ψ =
+
“state” “wavefunction”
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Superposition
Ψ =
+
# #
“Amplitudes”
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Superposition
Ψ =
+
# #
“Amplitudes”
This is information. Reality = information?
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“1” “0”
“qubit”
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Superposition Machine
+ H “Hadamard Gate” “Pi/2 pulse” =
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Superposition Machine
+ H Observe up or down randomly, with equal probability
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Superposition Machine
+ H Measurement induced “collapse”
- f the wavefunction
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Superposition Machine
+ H
Is this thing really working?
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C
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Classical Fraud
C C , ,
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Quantum
H H down every time
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Quantum Entanglement
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Entanglement
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Entanglement
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Entanglement
+
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Entanglement
+
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Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Pair
+
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Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Pair
“quantum non-locality”
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Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Pair
“quantum non-locality”
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John Bell Alain Aspect no local realism
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Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Pair
spukhafte Fernwirkung!
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Collapse or decoherence
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Collapse or decoherence
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Collapse or decoherence
metior ergo sum?
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Collapse or decoherence
decoherence = entanglement with the environment
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Collapse or decoherence
decoherence = entanglement with the environment
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uncontrolled entanglement
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controlled entanglement
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Dense matter
# of electrons in 1 cm cube of Si: 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 ≈ # of stars in the universe
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+
Schrödinger’s Cat
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+
Schrödinger’s Cat
measurement of any hair of the cat will collapse the superposition
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+
Schrödinger’s Cat
UNSTABLE to decoherence - uncontrolled entanglement with the environment
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Billion dollar question: how much entanglement can be stably created?
Can we get non-local entanglement from local forces?
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Emergence
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Emergence
Many phases of matter
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Strange Stuff
“Resonating valence bonds” benzene C6H6 Linus Pauling ~ 1930
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Strange Stuff
“Resonating valence bonds” benzene C6H6 chemical bond = EPR pair! Linus Pauling ~ 1930 +
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Strange Stuff
Phil Anderson, 1973
Ψ
=
+...
Resonating Valence Bond state a “quantum liquid” of spins
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Quantum spin liquid
Ψ
=
+...
For ~500 spins, there are more amplitudes than there are atoms in the visible universe!
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Is it robust?
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2016 Nobel prize for topology in physics
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Topology
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Topology
Kitaev Wen Kane Thouless
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Topology
“Topological invariant” = genus: the number of holes
Kitaev Wen Kane Thouless
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Ψ = X
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Ψ = X
Odd/even-ness of valence bonds crossing the line is a topological invariant
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Ψ = X
Quantum information is stored in such topological invariants and is distributed globally
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no local errors allowed!
Topological Protection
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In theory: thousands of different topological “phases of matter”
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Strange stuff
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herbertsmithite, a natural mineral discovered in Chile
YbMgGaO4, synthesized 2015 Bi2Se3, a semiconductor used as a thermoelectric
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herbertsmithite, a natural mineral discovered in Chile
YbMgGaO4, synthesized 2015 Bi2Se3, a semiconductor used as a thermoelectric
Quantum-ness is not obvious!!
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Strange stuff Peculiar particles
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Strange stuff Peculiar particles “quasi-particles”
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A quantum texture
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a topological defect
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Massless Dirac fermion “artificial neutrino”
Topological Insulator
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Spin Liquid
a“spinon”
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Spin Liquid
a“spinon”
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Anyons
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Anyons
Amplitudes in entangled superposition are changed!
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Anyons
time
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Future computers may be very strange indeed!
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Fundamental applications? Can elementary particles and forces
- f our world emerge from
entanglement?
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Coulomb, 1785
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Electromagnetism
James Clerk Maxwell
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Photoelectric effect
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Particle-wave duality
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But where does electromagnetism come from?
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Mike Hermele
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Yb2Ti2O7
QSL
T B Lucile Savary
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Gravity
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There is no theory of quantum gravity
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explaining gravity is explaining the emergence of space-time itself
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electromagnetism gravity? ???
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electromagnetism gravity?
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Electrons Black holes
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Electrons Black holes
60000000000000000000000000000000kg .0000000000000000000000000000009kg
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April 2015 Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev Model
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electromagnetism 1+1-dimensional gravity in anti-de Sitter space
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If quantum mechanics hasn't profoundly shocked you, you haven't understood it yet. Everything we call real is made of things that cannot be regarded as real.
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Thank you