State-of-the-art Shielding Design and Simulations for Proton, - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

▶
state of the art shielding design and
SMART_READER_LITE
LIVE PREVIEW

State-of-the-art Shielding Design and Simulations for Proton, - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Jul 04, 2023 7 likes •351 views

Fermilab Accelerator Physics Center State-of-the-art Shielding Design and Simulations for Proton, Electron and Ion Beams Nikolai Mokhov, Fermilab International Workshop on FFAGs Fermilab September 21-25, 2009 OUTLINE Introduction

slide-1
SLIDE 1

State-of-the-art Shielding Design and Simulations for Proton, Electron and Ion Beams

Fermilab Accelerator Physics Center Nikolai Mokhov, Fermilab

International Workshop on FFAGs Fermilab September 21-25, 2009

slide-2
SLIDE 2

FFAG Workshop, Sep. 21-25, 2009 Shielding Simulations - N. Mokhov 2

OUTLINE

  • Introduction
  • Application Examples & Demands
  • General Purpose All-Particle Codes
  • Benchmarking (focusing on ion beams)
  • Advances in Code Developments
  • Recent Proton, Electron and Ion Beam Applications
  • Summary
slide-3
SLIDE 3

FFAG Workshop, Sep. 21-25, 2009 Shielding Simulations - N. Mokhov 3

INTRODUCTION

Requirements to particle transport simulation tools and needs for physics model and calculation code developments are all driven by application. The most demanding among them are high-power accelerators (Spallation Neutron Source, J-PARC, neutrino factories), heavy-ion and ADS facilities (FRIB, FAIR, EURISOL), high-energy colliders (LHC, ILC), medical beams and space exploration. Feasibility, design and specific radiation issues are addressed in detailed Monte-Carlo simulations, therefore, predictive power and reliability

  • f

corresponding codes are absolutely crucial.

slide-4
SLIDE 4

FFAG Workshop, Sep. 21-25, 2009 Shielding Simulations - N. Mokhov 4

SNS & Neutrino Factory High-Power Target Buildings

Backscatt ering Spectrom eter Powder Diffracto meter Magnetis m & Liquids Reflectom eters PROTO NS SA NS Cold Neutron Chopper Spectro meter High Resolution Chopper Spectromet er Proposed Spin Echo Spectrometer and Fundamental Physics Instruments To be Built by SNS Project To be Built by IDTs Proposed by IDTs Areas for User and Instrument Support

slide-5
SLIDE 5

FFAG Workshop, Sep. 21-25, 2009 Shielding Simulations - N. Mokhov 5

slide-6
SLIDE 6

FFAG Workshop, Sep. 21-25, 2009 Shielding Simulations - N. Mokhov 6

RIB-factory & Main Injector Collimators

Design optimization via MC calculations: Prompt radiation, residual radiation (hands-on maintenance), air, ground & sump water activation, beam-induced damage (heating, material integrity, component lifetime), etc.

Marble shells of a brand-new collimation system at Fermilab MI Poly mask

slide-7
SLIDE 7

FFAG Workshop, Sep. 21-25, 2009 Shielding Simulations - N. Mokhov 7

SPACE APPLICATIONS

Space radiation protection is one of five critical enabling technologies identified in the NASA Strategic Plan for human space exploration. Issues: knowledge of galactic, solar and trapped radiation; astronaut and electronics (SEU!) protection weight constraints; low-dose biological effects; accuracy of particle and heavy-ion transport physics, etc.

MARS-calculated charge transfer efficiency degra- dation in CCD: 60% at the end

  • f 4-year SNAP

mission

slide-8
SLIDE 8

FFAG Workshop, Sep. 21-25, 2009 Shielding Simulations - N. Mokhov 8

PARTICLE INTERACTION AND TRANSPORT CODES

Only with a very reliable and accurate simulation code based on modern physics models and data can one perform computer modeling to meet the needs

  • f

the applications described. Five general-purpose all-particle codes, extensively used worldwide in accelerator and space applications, are in this category.

slide-9
SLIDE 9

FFAG Workshop, Sep. 21-25, 2009 Shielding Simulations - N. Mokhov 9

GENERAL PURPOSE ALL-PARTICLE CODES

  • 1. FLUKA* – since 1970, currently FLUKA-2008.3b.1, CERN &

INFN

  • 2. GEANT – since 1974, currently GEANT4-9.2, CERN, SLAC

et al.

  • 3. MARS* – since 1974, currently MARS15 (2009), FNAL
  • 4. MCNPX – since 1994, originated from earlier MCNP,

currently MCNPX-2.6.0, LANL

  • 5. PHITS* – since 2003, currently PHITS-2.15, JAEA, RIST,

KEK

Particle energies from hundreds TeV (FLUKA, GEANT, MARS) down to thermal neutron energy, 10-3<E<1014 eV. (*) Well tuned for ion beams.

slide-10
SLIDE 10

FFAG Workshop, Sep. 21-25, 2009 Shielding Simulations - N. Mokhov 10

neutrons protons

hadrons

,.. , , , K

nucleus

photons electrons

JQMD  JAM, Hadron cascade model  In progress

  • nly transport

with dE/dx (SPAR, ATIMA)

200 GeV 200 GeV 200 GeV 100 GeV/u 100 GeV 1 GeV 1 keV 10 MeV/u 1 MeV 1 MeV 20 MeV

(JQMD) (Bertini) (JQMD) (Bertini) (JQMD)

thermal 0 MeV 0 MeV 0 MeV/u  GEM, Evaporation process   SPAR, ATIMA, Ionization process 

MCNP with nuclear data MCNP with nuclear data

EXAMPLE: PHISICS CAPABILITIES IN PHITS

Event Generator

slide-11
SLIDE 11

FFAG Workshop, Sep. 21-25, 2009 Shielding Simulations - N. Mokhov 11

CODE FEATURES

All five codes can handle very complex geometries, have powerful user-friendly built- in GUI with magnetic field & tally viewers, and variance reduction capabilities. Tallies include volume and surface distributions (1D to 3D) of particle flux, energy, reaction rate, energy deposition, residual nuclide inventory, prompt and residual dose equivalent, DPA, event logs, intermediate source terms, etc.

slide-12
SLIDE 12

FFAG Workshop, Sep. 21-25, 2009 Shielding Simulations - N. Mokhov 12

Code Multifold Structure: e.g., FLUKA & MARS

slide-13
SLIDE 13

FFAG Workshop, Sep. 21-25, 2009 Shielding Simulations - N. Mokhov 13

MARS15 EXCLUSIVE EVENT GENERATORS

Improved Cascade-Exciton Model code, CEM03.03, combined with the Fermi break-up model, the coalescence model, and an improved version of the Generalized Evaporation-fission Model (GEM2) is used as a default for hadron-nucleus interactions below 3 GeV. Recent multi-fragmentation extension. The Quark-Gluon String Model code, LAQGSM03.03 (2009), is used in MARS15 for photon, particle and heavy-ion projectiles at a few MeV/A to 1 TeV/A. This provides a power of full theoretically consistent modeling of exclusive and inclusive distributions

  • f

secondary particles, spallation, fission, and fragmentation products.

slide-14
SLIDE 14

FFAG Workshop, Sep. 21-25, 2009 Shielding Simulations - N. Mokhov 14

Benchmarking: NUCLIDE PRODUCTION

Bremsstrahlung (Emax=1 GeV) on gold 1 GeV/A 86Kr on 9Be

slide-15
SLIDE 15

FFAG Workshop, Sep. 21-25, 2009 Shielding Simulations - N. Mokhov 15

Neutron Yield from Lead Targets for Heavy-Ion Beams

20x60cm Lead Cylinder

slide-16
SLIDE 16

FFAG Workshop, Sep. 21-25, 2009 Shielding Simulations - N. Mokhov 16

Accurate Description of Ion dE/dx down to 1 keV

MARS15: fluctuations with correlated energy loss and Coulomb scattering

Example: Ions in Si

MARS15 vs data

slide-17
SLIDE 17

FFAG Workshop, Sep. 21-25, 2009 Shielding Simulations - N. Mokhov 17

500 and 950 MeV/u U-238 on Stainless Steel MARS15 and PHITS vs GSI data (2007)

Accurate description of HI dE/dx down to keV in mixtures

slide-18
SLIDE 18

FFAG Workshop, Sep. 21-25, 2009 Shielding Simulations - N. Mokhov 18

Stopped Muons in Uranium: exp vs MARS15

Spectrum of K Muonic X Rays in U-235 and U-238

6000 6100 6200 6300 6400 6500 6600

Energy (keV) Counts

U-238 U-235

(A) Spectrum of L Muonic X Rays in U-235 and U-238

2900 3000 3100 3200 3300 3400

Energy (keV) Counts

U-238 U-235

(B)

Experimental data on

  • cascade in U238 an U235

MARS15

slide-19
SLIDE 19

FFAG Workshop, Sep. 21-25, 2009 Shielding Simulations - N. Mokhov 19

Technical Drawing Implementation MC Results

geometry materials calculated dose isocontours magnetic field

LHC MQW quadrupole in FLUKA

slide-20
SLIDE 20

FFAG Workshop, Sep. 21-25, 2009 Shielding Simulations - N. Mokhov 20

AUTOMATIC GEOMETRY GENERATION

It is a modern approach for accelerator complexes like Tevatron, LHC and J-PARC to build a realistic model of the whole machine for multi- turn beam loss, energy deposition, activation and radiation shielding studies: read in MAD lattice and create a complete geometry and magnetic field model in the framework of such codes as FLUKA, MARS and GEANT. The experience says that such realistic modeling takes time and substantial efforts but always pays

  • ff.
slide-21
SLIDE 21

FFAG Workshop, Sep. 21-25, 2009 Shielding Simulations - N. Mokhov 21

MAD-MARS BEAM LINE BUILDER: J-PARC 3-GeV RING

By N. Nakao

slide-22
SLIDE 22

FFAG Workshop, Sep. 21-25, 2009 Shielding Simulations - N. Mokhov 22

RECENT BENCHMARKING AT KEK: EP1 LABYRINTH

1000 2000 10-20 10-19 10-18 10-17 10-16 10-15 10-14 10-13 10-12 Distance from Target (cm)

Total Dose (mSv/p) EP1 Labyrinth Experiment 500μm Cu Target

Experiment Data neutron+gamma BG correction (On-Off) MARS15: Total Dose

12GeV-P Q1 Q2

500μm Cu

④ ⑤ ⑥ ⑦

Courtesy: Takenori Suzuki

slide-23
SLIDE 23

FFAG Workshop, Sep. 21-25, 2009 Shielding Simulations - N. Mokhov 23

RECENT BENCHMARKING: 12-GeV K2K TARGET STATION

Courtesy: T. Suzuki and H. Matsumura

1 9

Nine gold foil samples

  • ver 12 meters
slide-24
SLIDE 24

FFAG Workshop, Sep. 21-25, 2009 Shielding Simulations - N. Mokhov 24

MARS15 Model og J-PARC Labyrinth Tunnel from Switchyard

Access building Utility 1 building Electricity building Emergency tunnel Utility 2 building

1102 1101 1103 1104 1121 1122 1123 1124 1125 1112 1113 1114 1115 1111 1031 1032 1033 1034 1035 1036 1037 1038 1039 1045 1044 1043 1042 1041 1046

A A B B C C D D

  • T. Suzuki
slide-25
SLIDE 25

13.64 GeV, 5 kW

soil concrete Iron 4ft air [mSv/h]

1 mrem/h

16.44ft 3ft 12.5ft 3ft [mrem/h]

10 mrem/h 100 mrem/h 0.1 mrem/h 0.01 mrem/h 1 rem/h

67 inch 3ft 70 inch

0.001 mrem/h 0.0001 mrem/h

< 0.5 mrem/h < 0.1 rem/h

LCLS SHIELDING DESIGN WITH MARS15

Up to 16 GeV e-beam

By T. Sanami

10-2 10-1 100 101 102 103 104 10-3 10-2 10-1 100 101 102 103 104 105 Cooling time [day] Residual dose rate on contact [mSv/h] Irradiation time 1day 30day 100day

1hour 1day 1week 1month 1yr 5yr Tungsten Copper

13.64GeV 5kW

Cu 18X0 W 3X0 W 3X0 Beam dump

Beam dump activation

slide-26
SLIDE 26

FFAG Workshop, Sep. 21-25, 2009 Shielding Simulations - N. Mokhov 26

SHIELDING AND RADIATION EFFECT EXPERIMENT

20 30 40 50 60 10-37 10-36 10-35 10-34 10-33 10-32

Product mass number Mass yields (1/atom/proton) Cu Alcove-1

10 cm 1 m Target 8 GeV μ+

MARS15 vs data by H. Matsumura

T972 Shielding and Radiation Effect Experiment at FNAL JASMIN Collaboration

Shielding data and code benchmarking; targets, collimators and thick shields; radiation effects on instruments and

  • materials. Started in fall 2007.

Example: Muon-induced nuclide production

slide-27
SLIDE 27

FFAG Workshop, Sep. 21-25, 2009 Shielding Simulations - N. Mokhov 27

Example: FRIB

A brand new project “Facility for Rare Isotope Beams” heavily relying on MARS15 and PHITS codes in target and shielding designs for up to 400 kW 400 MeV/A uranium beam

slide-28
SLIDE 28

FFAG Workshop, Sep. 21-25, 2009 Shielding Simulations - N. Mokhov 28

S

slide-29
SLIDE 29

FFAG Workshop, Sep. 21-25, 2009 Shielding Simulations - N. Mokhov 29

S

slide-30
SLIDE 30

FFAG Workshop, Sep. 21-25, 2009 Shielding Simulations - N. Mokhov 30

S

slide-31
SLIDE 31

FFAG Workshop, Sep. 21-25, 2009 Shielding Simulations - N. Mokhov 31

S

slide-32
SLIDE 32

FFAG Workshop, Sep. 21-25, 2009 Shielding Simulations - N. Mokhov 32

S

slide-33
SLIDE 33

FFAG Workshop, Sep. 21-25, 2009 Shielding Simulations - N. Mokhov 33

S

slide-34
SLIDE 34

FFAG Workshop, Sep. 21-25, 2009 Shielding Simulations - N. Mokhov 34

SUMMARY

  • Nowadays, there are several Monte-Carlo codes around

which allow to address most of the challenging issues in R&D and design of radiation shielding, targets, collimators, dose to patients, nuclide production and alike for proton, electron and heavy-ion beams, with impressive results obtained over last years.

  • Results of benchmarking of those widely-used codes are

quite encouraging, and in some cases helped reveal existing inconsistencies.

  • Some problems/difficulties in the codes are still exist,

requiring further developments.