Standard 10.8.4 Describe the political, diplomatic, and military leaders during the war (e.g. Winston Churchill, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Emperor Hirohito, Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, Joseph Stalin, Douglas MacArthur, Dwight Eisenhower). Standard 10.8.6 Discuss the human costs of the war, with particular attention to the civilian and military losses in Russia, Germany, Britain, United States, China, and Japan.
The poor economy combined with nationalist resentments after WWI gave rise to military dictatorships Every European nation’s economy was in turmoil WWI left Europe physically Germany, Italy and psychologically devastated and Japan formed the Axis Powers Intro to WWII Germany Japan Italy Nationalists and Adolf Hitler Militarists increased Benito Mussolini their power in the 20’s and 30’s Nazis gained control of Il Duce (The Leader) the German government in the early 1930’s They persuaded the emperor the best Leader of Italy’s Fascist Party way to ensure access Nazi party was militant to basic raw and ultra-nationalistic materials was to Dissatisfied war veterans, invade China and nationalists and those afraid Southeast Asia Used the bitterness toward of rising communism joined the failed government to the Fascist party gain support Fascism -The idea that people should glorify their nation Blamed Jews and and their race through an aggressive show of force socialists for Germany’s loss in WWI Italy and Germany were totalitarian states They suppressed minorities and They controlled their people through political opposition through fear, violence, and extreme patriotism violence and propaganda
1937-Japan overran more of China 1938-Germany took over Austria 1935-Italy took over Ethiopia and parts of Czechoslovakia Beginning of WWII European response to the annexation of Austria by By 1940, Germany had invaded Appeasement -giving Hitler with a policy of most of Western Europe, and in aggressor nations what they appeasement 1941 Hitler violated a secret wanted to avoid war alliance with the Soviet Union and invaded the USSR Europeans were fearful of another war, so they supported Hitler’s actions in Hitler did not keep his promise return for his promise that he would not and invaded Poland in 1939 invade any more countries This led to England and France U.S. remained neutral but did start to to declare war on Germany build up its military, thinking that it would only be used to protect against a possible invasion of the Western And were also at war with Germany’s Hemisphere Axis allies Japan and Italy
These three countries also set themselves Economic depression sharpened up as champions against Communism national rivalries, increased fear and distrust, and made the masses susceptible to the promises of demagogues All three eventually adopted forms of dictatorship that made the state supreme and called for expansion at the expense of neighboring countries Germany, Italy, and Japan were anxious League of Nations, weakened from the start by the defection of the US to regain or increase their power was unable to promote disarmament Great depression allowed these totalitarian dictators to take hold of their respective countries. Countries were too worried Democratic countries had a desire for peace, about their own country to worry about another country which led to their military unprepared ness Rise of totalitarian, militaristic Policy of appeasement toward the Causes of WWII regimes in Germany, Italy and Japan Axis powers by Britain and France German-Soviet nonaggression pact removed WWII German fear of a possible two-front war Axis Allies Germany, Great Britain, France, Began September 1, 1939 when Italy, and Soviet Union, and Germany, without a declaration Japan later the United States of war, invaded Poland. The United States, as it did in WWI, practiced isolationism. They did not want to fight another European war.
The combined German and Soviet losses during the battle were first major failure of the German forces were Germans in World War II, staggering-the Germans alone suffered approximately 300,000 destroyed, but not casualties. The Soviets followed up with a westward drive and and it thwarted Hitler's plan without some 77,000 generally remained on the offensive for the remainder of the war. to force Britain to accept Allied casualties peace or face invasion The Germans Hitler reaffirmed his intention to take Stalingrad, despite penetrated deep into Germans gradually gave up great losses and lack of reserves. He refused to withdraw Belgium, creating a hope of invading England dent, or bulge, in the Allied lines and German army exceeding 500,000 men (including threatening to break Series of air battles between Italians, Hungarians, and Romanians), began an through. An American Great Britain and Germany, all-out attack on Stalingrad force held out, even fought over Britain though surrounded and outnumbered. Battle of Britain Battle of Stalingrad Battle of the Bulge European Theater Pacific Theater D-Day (Operation Overlord) Major Battles of WWII Battle of Midway Allied invasion of the European continent through Normandy Battle of Guadalcanal Fought mostly with aircraft, Supreme command over its resulted in the execution was entrusted to Gen. U.S. forces began their first destruction of four Dwight D. Eisenhower large-scale invasion of a Japanese aircraft Japanese-held island; after bitter carriers, crippling fighting, it was conquered the Japanese navy
These raids killed tens of thousands of A new world peace civilians in each city and devastated cities organization would be formed by creating massive fires (the future United Nations) Harry S. Truman became president Okinawa gave the U.S. a base from which it could launch bombing raids on Japan There would be free FDR died in May 1945 elections in the liberated countries of Eastern Europe Once the US captured Okinawa, it began fire bombing Japanese cities End of the War Germany would be divided into occupation zones US captured Okinawa , an important island south of Japan It was to redraw the world map August 1945, US dropped atomic bombs on Japan Potsdam Conference Known as the “Big Three” Hiroshima and Nagasaki Truman met with In early 1945, Stalin, Churchill and Stalin and the new FDR met at the Yalta Conference August 6 th and August 9 th respectively British Prime Minister Clement Atlee to devise a plan for Yalta Conference implementation of the Killing over 250,000 people Yalta conference Truman stated that an invasion of Japan It became clear to both the US and USSR that the would have cost hundred of thousands two had incompatible ideologies and post-war goals. of lives and that the nuclear warfare therefore saved lives and resources
Korematsu v. United States (1944) the Supreme Court ruled that the internment was constitutional Placed more than 110,000 Japanese Americans to prison camps (known as internment camps) Fearing that Japan might attack the West Coast and to alleviate the possibility of Japanese- Americans spying for Japan They were just Most Japanese doing what they left voluntarily needed to do to to their new Japanese Internment be a good residences American Japanese Internment
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