Speed calming measures and how they affect speed violations and - - PDF document

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Speed calming measures and how they affect speed violations and - - PDF document

Aug 30, 2022 46 likes •198 views

Speed calming measures and how they affect speed violations and driving pattern Daniel Knudsen Kajan Variyeswaran Niels Agerholm Civil engineer Civil engineer Associate Professor Aalborg University Vejle Municipality Aalborg University

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Niels Agerholm – Traffic Research Group – Aalborg University

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ICTCT Karlsruhe 2014

Speed calming measures and how they affect speed violations and driving pattern

Niels Agerholm Associate Professor Aalborg University Daniel Knudsen Civil engineer Aalborg University Kajan Variyeswaran Civil engineer Vejle Municipality

Niels Agerholm – Traffic Research Group – Aalborg University

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Agenda

  • Background
  • Speed calming measures
  • Research Question
  • Method and data
  • Results
  • Summary
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Niels Agerholm – Traffic Research Group – Aalborg University

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Background

Road safety and speed are close connected

  • Too high speed increase the

risk substantial

  • Braking distance increase by

the square of the speed increase

  • The energy in a collision

increases similar

  • The reaction time is unchanged
  • Speed variation increases a lot

Rosen, Stigson, Sander, 2011

Pedestrian fatalities

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But are we speeding?

Yes!

  • 72% of the Danish drivers are speeding outside built-up areas
  • 61% do it in built-up areas (2008)

(The amount might be slightly lower today (higher fines, more automatic traffic control))

  • Special challenge regarding thoroughfares
  • Significant speeding outside the small towns/villages
  • The speed is insufficient reduced in the thoroughfares (studies from

1996 & 2004)

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Niels Agerholm – Traffic Research Group – Aalborg University

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Traffic calming measures

  • Speed bump
  • 50 km/h limit or below
  • Drivers of cars at speed limit and trucks
  • etc. at speed limit-15 km/h: 0.65-0.75

vertical G

  • Most are modified sinus bump
  • Significant part of bumps are deform!

Modified sinus bump

Transverse Niels Agerholm – Traffic Research Group – Aalborg University

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Traffic calming measures

  • Speed bump are widely

used

  • 2,300 in North Denmark
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Niels Agerholm – Traffic Research Group – Aalborg University

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Traffic calming measures

  • Narrowing
  • 40 km/h limit or below
  • <300 cars in peak hour

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Traffic calming measures

  • Elevated surface
  • 50 km/h limit or below
  • Longer than vehicles (from 10m)
  • Full distance in an intersection
  • Elevated in the full distance
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Niels Agerholm – Traffic Research Group – Aalborg University

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Traffic calming measures

  • Of more solutions…

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Limitations of traditional speed measurements

  • Based on one spot only
  • The speed in the next spot is not known
  • On roads with various driving conditions

(speed-calming) the speed is virtually unknown

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Research question

  • Which effects have narrowing, elevated surfaces, and

bumps on driving behaviour?

  • These two hypotheses guided the analyses presented in the

current paper:

  • Mean speeding is affected almost identically from narrowing,

elevated surfaces, and bumps

  • Speed variation is substantial bigger near narrowing than near

bumps

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The Method briefly

  • GPS data from driving vehicles (Floating Car Data (FCD))
  • A change from point to section speed measurements:
  • Big knowledge about a share of the drivers speed on most parts of the

road network Vs.

  • Exact knowledge about the speed in one spot – the speed elsewhere

is unknown.

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FCD from ITS Platform

  • North Jutland
  • Floating Car Data project
  • Field trial April 2012 -
  • 425 vehicles
  • Almost 20 million km driven
  • More info on:

http://www.itsplatform.dk/index.php/en.html

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Speed-calming measures in the study

  • North Jutland only
  • Minor towns/villages (to avoid congestion

problems)

  • Road segments divided into pieces of 12.5m
  • Missing/redundant FCD are replaced/removed

systematically

GPS speed Sub sections Used speed

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Data

  • Xx narroving
  • Xx bumps
  • Xx elevated surfaces
  • Villages/minor towns:
  • Børglum
  • Gølstrup
  • Harken
  • Hundelev
  • Nørager
  • Tornby
  • Vittrup
  • Skørping!

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Results

  • With/without study
  • Effects on driving behaviour
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Traffic calming measures established autumn 2013

Background:

  • Minor town – 3,000 inhabitants
  • One road connects two parts of

the town and the hinterland

  • Many commuters
  • Many home-school trips (cars

and bikes)

  • Partly bicycle paths
  • High speed problems
  • 50 km/h speed limit

Skørping

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Data

  • 1,363 trips in total
  • Removal of short trips
  • Removal of erroneous data
  • Most trips in the southern part
  • 1,277 trips included
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Effects on speeding

Narrowing Narrowing Bump Bump Bump Bump

  • Elev. Bump

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Effects on speeding

Narrowing Narrowing Bump Bump Bump Bump

  • Elev. Bump
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Effects on speed variation

Narrowing Narrowing Bump Bump Bump Bump

  • Elev. Bump

Niels Agerholm – Traffic Research Group – Aalborg University

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Summary with/without speed calming

  • All types reduces speeding significantly
  • a bump seems to have higher effect than narrowing
  • Effects decreases soon
  • Narrowing increases speed variation

Results are preliminary!

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Niels Agerholm – Traffic Research Group – Aalborg University

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Effects with bumps at short intervals

Background:

  • Minor town – 1,050 inhabitants
  • Local connection road
  • Holiday traffic
  • High speed problems
  • 50 km/h speed limit
  • 8 speed-calming bumps
  • 1,365 trips

Tornby

Niels Agerholm – Traffic Research Group – Aalborg University

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ICTCT Karlsruhe 2014 Bump Bump Bump Bump Bump Bump Bump Bump Bump Bump Bump Bump Bump Bump Bump Bump

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Niels Agerholm – Traffic Research Group – Aalborg University

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ICTCT Karlsruhe 2014 Bump Bump Bump Bump Bump Bump Bump Bump Bump Bump Bump Bump Bump Bump Bump Bump Niels Agerholm – Traffic Research Group – Aalborg University

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Effects with elevated surfaces

Background:

  • Minor town – 1,100 inhabitants

(was main town in the local municipality)

  • Central highway
  • High share of trucks
  • High speed problems
  • 50 km/h speed limit
  • 4 elevated surfaces
  • 175-215m intervals
  • 3,087 trips in total

Nørager

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Niels Agerholm – Traffic Research Group – Aalborg University

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Elevated surfaces: effects on speeding

Traffic calming island 4 elevated surfaces Traffic calming island Niels Agerholm – Traffic Research Group – Aalborg University

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Elevated surfaces: effects on speeding

Traffic calming island 4 elevated surfaces Traffic calming island

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Niels Agerholm – Traffic Research Group – Aalborg University

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Summary

  • Speeding is significant reduced by narrowing, elevated surfaces, and

bumps

  • Best effect can be found regarding bumps
  • It seems that elevated surfaces are less uncomfortable to drive across
  • Speed variation increases due to narrowing

Results are preliminary!

Niels Agerholm – Traffic Research Group – Aalborg University

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Thank You

Niels Agerholm

Traffic Research Group

Aalborg University

+45 61 78 04 55 na@civil.aau.dk