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Sound Understanding Marsh Migration into Upland Habitats Jamie - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Oct 01, 2022 365 likes •656 views

Salt Marsh Migration in Long Island Sound Understanding Marsh Migration into Upland Habitats Jamie OConnell, MESc 2015 Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies Advisor: Dr. Shimon Anisfeld Overview Salt marshes and sea level

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Salt Marsh Migration in Long Island Sound

Understanding Marsh Migration into Upland Habitats

Jamie O’Connell, MESc 2015 Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies Advisor: Dr. Shimon Anisfeld

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Overview

  • Salt marshes and sea level rise
  • Migration as an adaptation to sea level rise?
  • Research Questions
  • Methods and Site Selection
  • Results
  • Conclusions
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http://www.eserc.stonybrook.edu/cen514/fall2003/images/v egzonsm.gif

Will sea level rise cause marsh drowning?

Introduction

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Survival Option: Migration

Image modified from: http://www.eserc.stonybrook.edu/cen514/fall2003/images/vegzonsm.gif

Aboveground Profile

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Research Qs

(1) Are marshes migrating into upland habitat? (2) If so, how quickly?

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RESEARCH SITES AND METHODS

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2 urban transects – 1 Forest – 1 Scrub 3 rural transects – 2 Forest – 1 lawn

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1. Collected 4-5 soil cores /transect 2. Surveyed transect elevation 3. Measured hydrology with water level logger

Methods

Marsh Upland

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1. Collected 4-5 soil cores /transect 2. Surveyed transect elevation 3. Measured hydrology with water level logger

Methods

High Marsh Upland

How to differentiate between marsh and upland soil?

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Methods

  • Differentiate by:

– Color? – Carbon (LOI)? – Foraminifera

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RESULTS QUESTION 1: IS THERE EVIDENCE OF MIGRATION?

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Depth of Forams Relative to HAT

5 10 15 20 25

  • 0.7
  • 0.6
  • 0.5
  • 0.4
  • 0.3
  • 0.2
  • 0.1

0.1 0.2

Depth of Forams (cm) Elevation Relative to HAT (m)

East Haven Open East Haven Tree Hammo Lawn Hammo Forest 2 Hammo Forest 1

HAT

Upland Marsh

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Depth of Forams Relative to HAT

5 10 15 20 25

  • 0.7
  • 0.6
  • 0.5
  • 0.4
  • 0.3
  • 0.2
  • 0.1

0.1 0.2

Depth of Forams (cm) Elevation Relative to HAT (m)

East Haven Open East Haven Tree Hammo Lawn Hammo Forest 2 Hammo Forest 1

HAT

Upland Marsh

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RESULTS QUESTION 2: HOW QUICKLY IS THIS MIGRATION HAPPENING?

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Aerial Photograph Analysis

  • Change in

management or vegetation?

  • Tree canopies at

forest transects “migrate” into marsh

Hammonasset Lawn, 1974 Source: UCONN MAGIC 1974 Iva / lawn border 2010 Iva / lawn border

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CONCLUSIONS AND NEXT STEPS

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Conclusions and Next Steps

  • Marshes are

migrating!

  • Use radioisotopes to

date cores (Pb-210 or Cs-137)

  • Does upland type or

urbanism affect migration rate?

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Acknowledgements

  • Hixon Center for Urban Ecology
  • SeaGrant
  • FES Dean’s Office
  • Dr. Shimon Anisfeld
  • Kate Cooper, Kevin Sherrill, Troy Hill, Annie

O’Connell

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QUESTIONS?

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Survival Option #2: Migration

Belowground Profile

Marsh/Upland Border Today Past Marsh/Upland Border Tidal Channe l

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  • Photo of hammo sites

Hammonassest Lawn Transect, June 11, 2014

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Looking Towards Hammonassest Forest Transects, June 25, 2014

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Methods

  • 4. Differentiate by:

– Color? – Carbon (LOI)? – Foraminifera?

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Methods

  • 5. Determine rate of migration:

– Date soil cores with radioisotopes – Aerial photographs – quantify shifts in vegetation

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Survival Option #1: Salt Marsh Accretion

Image modified from: http://www.eserc.stonybrook.edu/cen514/fall2003/images/vegzonsm.gif

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Surface Foram Density Relative to HAT

100 200 300 400 500 600 700

  • 0.7
  • 0.6
  • 0.5
  • 0.4
  • 0.3
  • 0.2
  • 0.1

0.1 0.2

Foram Density (forams/wet g) Elevation Relative to HAT (m)

East Haven Open East Haven Tree Hammo Lawn Hammo Forest 2 Hammo Forest 1

HAT

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Surface Foram Density Relative to HAT

100 200 300 400 500 600 700

  • 0.7
  • 0.6
  • 0.5
  • 0.4
  • 0.3
  • 0.2
  • 0.1

0.1 0.2

Foram Density (forams/wet g) Elevation Relative to HAT (m)

East Haven Open East Haven Tree Hammo Lawn Hammo Forest 2 Hammo Forest 1

HAT