Some simple hypotheses to be Some simple hypotheses to be tested by - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Some simple hypotheses to be Some simple hypotheses to be tested by IBOY-DIWPA data

Takakazu YUMOTO

(Research Institute for Humanity and Nature)

IBOY DIWPA data set IBOY-DIWPA data set (Forest Ecosystems) (Forest Ecosystems)

Use the same manual at difficult places Almost simultaneously

Include plants (trees and herbs) and

Include plants (trees and herbs) and

animals (mainly vertebrates and arthropods) arthropods)

IBOY DIWPA data set IBOY-DIWPA data set (Forest Ecosystems) (Forest Ecosystems)

Obtained data set

Sit i f ti

• Site information

(latitude, longitude, altitude, climatic t ) parameters)

• Plants: trees > 10cm in DBH

(species, # individuals, basal area in 1 ha) : shrubs, herbs, grasses (species, frequency in sub-quadrats) (species, frequency in sub quadrats)

IBOY DIWPA data set IBOY-DIWPA data set (Forest Ecosystems) (Forest Ecosystems)

Obtained data set

• Animals: arthropods collected by various

traps (orders, # individuals) : vertebrates (mammals, birds, reptiles reptiles, hibi ) amphibians) (species list ever known, species and

IBOY DIWPA data set IBOY-DIWPA data set (Forest Ecosystems) (Forest Ecosystems)

What can we hypothesize by the data

set from DIWPA-IBOY, especially on set from DIWPA IBOY, especially on the global pattern (a regional approach) of biodiversity and approach) of biodiversity and plant-animal interactions?

We need to propose some simple

h th t b t t d hypotheses to be tested.

IBOY DIWPA data set IBOY-DIWPA data set (Forest Ecosystems) (Forest Ecosystems)

Use the single taxonomic groups

species diversity along several gradient (l tit d ltit d i f ll (latitude, altitude, rainfall ect.)

IBOY DIWPA data set IBOY-DIWPA data set (Forest Ecosystems) (Forest Ecosystems)

Use the single taxonomic groups

ex ex. tree species number in 1 ha along latitude social insect dominancy along latitude

IBOY DIWPA data set IBOY-DIWPA data set (Forest Ecosystems) (Forest Ecosystems)

Use the multiple taxonomic groups

Global or regional pattern based on plant animal interactions

IBOY DIWPA data set IBOY-DIWPA data set (Forest Ecosystems) (Forest Ecosystems)

Use the multiple taxonomic groups

Global or regional pattern based on l t i l i t ti plant-animal interactions

• plant defense against herbivores
• pollination
• seed dispersal

seed dispersal

IBOY DIWPA data set IBOY-DIWPA data set (Forest Ecosystems) (Forest Ecosystems)

• plant defense against herbivores

lower latitude evergreen broad-leaved tree dominant middle latitude deciduous broad-leaved tree dominant higher latitude if d i t evergreen conifers dominant

IBOY DIWPA data set IBOY-DIWPA data set (Forest Ecosystems) (Forest Ecosystems)

• plant defense against herbivores

lower latitude evergreen broad-leaved tree dominant less large moths (folivores) more small moths (seed predators, leaf miners) middle latitude deciduous broad-leaved tree dominant more large moths (folivores) l ll h ( d d l f i ) less small moths (seed predators, leaf miners) higher latitude if d i t evergreen conifers dominant ??

IBOY DIWPA data set IBOY-DIWPA data set (Forest Ecosystems) (Forest Ecosystems)

• pollination

lower latitude animal-pollination dominance middle latitude wind-pollination dominance (in basal area) higher latitude wind-pollination dominance (in basal area)

IBOY DIWPA data set IBOY-DIWPA data set (Forest Ecosystems) (Forest Ecosystems)

• pollination

lower latitude animal-pollination dominance more anthophilous animals (insects, birds, mammals) iddl l tit d middle latitude wind-pollination dominance (in basal area) less anthophilous animals (?) less anthophilous animals (?) higher latitude higher latitude wind-pollination dominance (in basal area) less anthophilous animals (?)

IBOY DIWPA data set IBOY-DIWPA data set (Forest Ecosystems) (Forest Ecosystems)

• seed dispersal

lower latitude mammal-dispersal and bird-dispersal plants middle latitude bi d di l l t bird-dispersal plants higher latitude bird-dispersal and mammal-dispersal plants bird dispersal and mammal dispersal plants

IBOY DIWPA data set IBOY-DIWPA data set (Forest Ecosystems) (Forest Ecosystems)

• seed dispersal

lower latitude mammal-dispersal and bird-dispersal plants more frugivorous mammals middle latitude bi d di l l t bird-dispersal plants less frugivorous mammals higher latitude bird-dispersal and mammal-dispersal plants bird dispersal and mammal dispersal plants more omnivorous mammals

IBOY DIWPA data set IBOY-DIWPA data set (Forest Ecosystems) (Forest Ecosystems)

1) C th tt f i id t b 1) Can these patterns of coincident be verified ? 2) Can these patterns be explained by li ti climatic factors independently or by real plant- i l animal interactions ?

IBOY DIWPA data set IBOY-DIWPA data set (Forest Ecosystems) (Forest Ecosystems)

D th tt h j t li Do these patterns show just a cline or a distinct discontinuity?

IBOY DIWPA data set IBOY-DIWPA data set (Forest Ecosystems) (Forest Ecosystems)

D th tt h j t li Do these patterns show just a cline or a distinct discontinuity? Plant defense against herbivores: Which is more important discontinuity, tropical /temperate or evergreen/deciduous?