[PPT] - SOLARIZED HYDROGEN BY Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jameel Ahmad Khan Fellow, PowerPoint Presentation

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SOLARIZED HYDROGEN

BY

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jameel Ahmad Khan

Fellow, IAHE

Jul uly y 1, 1, 20 2017 17

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HYDROGEN ENERGY SYSTEM: A CLEAN AND PERMANENT ENERGY INFRASTRUCTURE FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Source: IAHE

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Water Electrolysis

SPLITTING WATER INTO ITS COMPONENT ATOMS REQUIRES MORE ENERGY THAN IS CONTAINED IN THE HYDROGEN

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CONVERSION OF SOLAR ENERGY

❖ The production of Chemical energy from sun light at environmental temperatures has been a challenge – as old as the origin of life on earth ❖ An efficient Solar energy conversion can only be accomplished by a quantum

system. (A single quantum absorber to convert approx. 31% of the incident

solar energy into useful work)

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“Developing countries face a fundamental choice. They can mimic the industrial countries, and go through a development phase that is dirty and wasteful and creates an enormous legacy of pollution. Or they can

leapfrog over some of the steps followed by industrial countries

and incorporate modern efficient technologies”

“The Human Development Report.” The United Nations Oxford University Press, September, 1998

STRATEGIC CHOICE 5

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WHY HYDROGEN?

Hydrogen is attracting the attention of public authorities and private industry as a clean energy carrier

that can be produced from any primary energy source and, together with fuel cell, which are very efficient energy conversion devices, is The emergence and growth of the so-called “hydrogen economy” holds great promise of meeting simultaneously concerns over security of supply and climate change.

Security of energy supply – Hydrogen opens up access to a broad range of primary energy sources,

including fossil fuels, nuclear energy and, increasingly, renewable energy sources (e.g. wind, solar,

cean, and biomass), thus enhancing energy security through increased diversity. Hydrogen and

electricity also allow interoperability and flexibility in balancing centralised and decentralised power, based on managed intelligent grids, and power for remote locations (e.g. island and mountain sites).

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WHY HYDROGEN? (CONTD.)

Air quality and health improvement – Vehicles and stationary power generated fuelled by hydrogen

are zero- emission devices at the point of use, with consequential benefits for local air quality.

Greenhouse gas reduction – Hydrogen can be produced from carbon – free or carbon – neutral

energy sources or from fossil fuels with carbon dioxide capture and storage (sequestration). Thus, the use of hydrogen could eventually eliminate greenhouse gas emissions from the energy sector.

Ensure economic competitiveness – Development and sales of energy systems are also major

components of wealth creation, from automobiles to complete power stations, creating substantial employment and export opportunities, especially for the industrialising nations.

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Comparison of Key Properties of Hydrogen And Other Fuels

Fuel Type

Liquid hydrogen Gaseous hydrogen Fuel oil Gasoline Jet fuel LPG LNG Methanol Ethanol Bio diesel Natural gas Charcoal

Energy per unit mass (MJ/kg)

141.90 141.90 45.50 47.40 46.50 48.80 50.00 22.30l 29.90 37.00 50.00 30.00

Energy per unit volume (MJ/m³)

10.10 0.013 38.65 34.85 35.30 24.40 23.00 18.10 23.60 33.00 0.04 –

Motivity factor

1.00 1.00 0.78 0.76 0.75 0.62 0.61 0.23 0.37 – 0.75 –

Specific carbon emission (kg C/kg fuel)

0.00 0.00 0.84 0.86 – – – 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.46 0.50

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POLLUTANTS PRODUCED BY THREE ENERGY SYSTEMS

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SOME FEEDSTOCK AND PROCESS ALTERNATIVES 14

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PV – HYDROGEN POWER & HEATING SYSTEM

(DISTRIBUTED STAND – ALONE)

Electrical Load Fuel Cell PV PEM Electrolyzer Hydrogen Tank Solar Energy

H 2

Heating & Cooking

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Funktionsschema der Anlage

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PEM ELECTROLYZER

Source: IAHE 31 (2006)

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Separator Separator

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Schematic Representation of PEM Electrolysis and Fuel Cell Processes

Source: Solar Energy 78 (2005)

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Typical Data and Figures for Hydrogen Production Technologies

Source: IEA April 2007

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Current H Annual Production: 65 million tonnes per year, equivalent to 8EJ

(less than 2% of world total primary energy supply); 48% from natural gas, 30% refinery-gas/chemicals, 18% coal, 4% electrolysis

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Conversion Efficiency of 1 kg Hydrogen to Electricity 23

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Average Solar Hydrogen Production Efficiencies of Photovoltaic Systems with a Range of V Directly Connected to a PEM Electrolyzer.

mpp

Source: IAHE Volume 33, Issue 21 (November 2008)

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Hydrogen Costs via Electrolysis with Electricity Costs Only

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Levelized H pump prices for distributed PV electrolysis plants with variation in insolation levels and distributed electrolyser plant electricity sources.

Source: IAHE 32 (2007)

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Distributed Hydrogen Production Electrolysis

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Comparison of H Fuel Operating Cost with Price of Gasoline.

(24 mpg gasoline vehicle at $2.16/gal. gasoline price)

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FUEL COST

❖ CRUDE OIL ❖ CNG ❖ LPG ❖ DIESEL ❖ GASOLINE ❖ HYDROGEN ❖ ELECTRICITY a) US $ 46 / bbl b) US $ 100 / bbl Rs 71 / kg Rs 115 / kg Rs 84 / l Rs 74 / l a) US $ 3 / kg b) US $ 2 / kg a) Rs 6 / kWh b) Rs 15 / kWh 644 1,400 1,420 2,330 2,199 2,166 2,003 1,335 1,670 4,175

FUEL RATE COST (Rs / GJ) (As on MAY 7, 2017)

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Hydrogen Infrastructure Costs

Technology

Storage (3 days) Liquid Compressed gas Metal hydrides Transport Pipeline Liquid truck Gas truck Metal hydrides truck Distribution Refuelling station

Cost

6 – 18 $/GJ 2 – 4.5 $/GJ 3 – 7 $/GJ 0.1 – 0.5 $/GJ/100 km 0.2 – 1.5 $/GJ/100 km 4.9 – 29.4 $/GJ/100 km 2.6 – 16.4 $/GJ/100 km 4 – 6 $/GJ

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Development of the Electricity Cost of New Plants

f Different Power Technologies

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Investment Cost of Power Technologies Including Decommissioning Discounted Over Lifetime 32

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Light Vehicular Use of Hydrogen, 2000 – 2050, Based on the Optimistic Vision of the Committee.

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RURAL ENERGISATION THROUGH SOLAR HYDROGEN

(Inline with IEA Recommendations, May, 2008.)

PLAN FOR TRANSITION

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Integration of Photovoltaic & Hydrogen Systems Introduction of Distributed & Stand – alone Systems Use of PV – Systems for electricity generation Use of PV – Systems for production of Drinking Water Via Reverse Osmosis Units On Site Hydrogen Production & Storage Use of Hydrogen as fuel Use of Hydrogen for energy conversion devices – Gensets & Fuel Cells for Electricity Generation Use of Hydrogen in combustion devices – cooking ranges

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DEFORESTATION RATE IN PAKISTAN

(HIGHEST IN WORLD)

❖ Estimated at 0.2 – 0.5% annually (4-6% decline in its wood biomass per annum) ❖ The total natural forest reduced from 3.59 mha to 3.32 mha (average rate: 27,000 ha/year) ❖ Alarming speed of deforestation (All the forest area will be consumed within next 15 years) ❖ Deforestation attributed mostly (81.8%) to firewood consumption by rural population

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Toshiba releases “H2One™ Truck Model”, Hydrogen-Based Autonomous Energy Supply System loaded on Truck -- Improved mobility suitable for ensuring flexible energy supply in case of disaster .

Overview of H2One™

Key system specifications Hydrogen tank storage capacity : 250Nm3 Electricity output : 19kWe Power storage capacity : 422kWeh

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Toshiba H2One™ Hydrogen Based Autonomous Energy Supply System Now Providing Power to the City of Yokohama's Port & Harbor Bureau

Overview of H2One™

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