EDFS VISION AND AMBITION ON HYDROGEN MITEIS 2019 SPRING SYMPOSIUM: - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
EDFS VISION AND AMBITION ON HYDROGEN MITEIS 2019 SPRING SYMPOSIUM: CAN HYDROGEN BECOME PART OF THE CLIMATE SOLUTION? E. BRIERE : Executive Vice President R&D programm on Renewable Energy, Storage, Hydrogen and Environment 1. CURRENT
EDF’S VISION AND AMBITION ON HYDROGEN
Energy, Storage, Hydrogen and Environment
MITEI’S 2019 SPRING SYMPOSIUM: CAN HYDROGEN BECOME PART OF THE CLIMATE SOLUTION?
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NH3 and fertilizer (19 %) Refining (42%)
Consumption (as a % of total consumption of 922,000 tonnes)
Operating (10%) Captive (30%) Co- production (60%)
Production chain
Diverse(3%)
COST between 1.5 and 4 €/kg per SMR depending on the flow rate Flow rate 1000 to 300 000 Nm3/h COST between 5 and 10 €/kg (by SMR with storage and transport) Flow rate <1000 Nm3/h 922,000 t/year 922,000 t/year
Burned Heat recovery (28%)
Chemistry (8%)
Production through SMR (40%)
Global vision of the hydrogen market in France
Unity of steam ref
MITEI’s 2019 Spring Symposium
10-15 kg CO2 Par kg d’H2
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Either20% of actual emissions
In addition to electric mobility. For example, on diesel rail lines that do not have enough traffic to be electrified.
By making new processes possible.
For example, the substitution of blast furnaces. by direct reduction furnaces. Avoidable emissions from French H2 production:
4 MtCO2/year
emissions.
TOMORROW, Hydrogen could contribute to decarbonation:
Hydrogen can contribute to the decarbonation of the industry and heavy transport
0,9 Mt/y 0,36 Mt/y
TOTAL HYDROGEN PRODUCTION IN FRANCE
60% Fatal (co-produced) 40% Steam reformer (10kg of CO2 for 1kg of H2 produced)
OF TRANSPORT OF INDUSTRY
MITEI’s 2019 Spring Symposium
By substituting electrolytic hydrogen for the hydrogen produced by the steam reformer, the total French emissions would be reduced by 1% (reduction of CO2 emission during transportation of H2 is not take into account).
AS OF TODAY,
gCO2/kWh PCS
100 200 300 400
H2 produced by a steam reformer(cur rently used method) H2 produced by electrolysis with the French electric mix H2 produced by electrolysis with the European electric mix
EMISSIONS FROM DIFFERENT HYDROGEN PRODUCTION CHAINS
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§ Electrolyte polymère § Rendement : 70 – 80% pcs § Température : 50~60°C § Pression: 1 – 30 bar (200 bar possible) § Flexibilité, Pmin : 0 – 5%Pnom § Electrolyte céramique § Rendement : 75 – 95% pcs § Température : 750 - 850°C § Pression : 1 bar (30 bar démontrés echelle cellule) § Cellule (matériaux et architecture) identique aux piles à combustible céramique (SOFC)
Different electrolysis technologies
Technical features Advantages & Inconveniences Alkaline TRL _ 9
6 MW Alkaline electrolyser system (McPhy ex. Enertrag) – AUDI P2G plant Wertle
(KOH)
Pnom
warm strat
┼ Commercial technology, lowest investment costs today
(no noble metals)
┼ Large H2 production capacity (large surface of cells) ┼ Long and tested service life-span > 80,000 h
─ Limited flexibility and reactivity ─ Limited current density (0.2 to 0.4 A/cm²) = large footprint
PEM TRL _ 8/9
300 kW PEM electrolyser system (ITM) - Stadwerke Thüga Frankfort
electrolyte
possible)
┼ Flexibility and high reactivity (0% - 100% Pmax) ┼ High current density (up to 2 A/cm²)
iridium, ruthenium)
SOEC TRL _ 5/6
150 kW SOE electrolyser system (Sunfire) – US Navy with Boeing California
electrolyte
demonstrated at cell level)
identical to ceramic fuel cells (SOFCs)
┼ Yield > alkaline and pem ┼ CAPEX of the same order of magnitude as alkaline in
the long term >> absence of noble metals
┼ Production synergy with fuel cells to accelerate the
learning curve ─ No field return over the lifetime. 23,000 hours cell lifetime validated in the laboratory. ─ Flexibility and limited reactivity (same as alkaline)
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Decarbonizing Hydrogen … & remaining competitive Towards 3 €/kg
Le Levie viers Va Values Co Cost im impac act Re Remarks
Electricity price 60 €/MWh à 40 €/MWh
Spot market / self- consumption... Ability to modulate Technology / Efficiency 75 % HHV à 95% HHV
High Temperature Electrolysis with on- site heat supplying Technology / CAPEX 1000 €/kW à 600 €/kW
High capacity MW systems
ü Parameters keys of hydrogen cost àDistance production – consumption àProduction volume àà Electricity price(OPEX) àAnnual operation time duration (CAPEX) àCost of Heart of cell system (CAPEX) àEnergy efficiency
MITEI’s 2019 Spring Symposium
Hydrogen Price
Investment O&M O&M conditioning
8 Possible additional transport costs linked to the geographical location of the production site if it is isolated (example: Atacama desert)
Limitations encountered
Solar in the Atacama Desert:
sunshine
LCOE CAPEX Electrolyser 800 €/kW Offshore wind turbine in the North Sea:
hours
LCOE CAPEX Electrolyser 800 €/kW
3,5 €/kg
But if this decarbonated hydrogen is used locally and at an attractive cost: decarbonation of local uses without any particular additional cost.
The affiliation of H2 production to a dedicated ENR production is interesting if there is a sharp fall of electrolyzer’s production costs
Full production cost of an electrolyser (as a final output)
Number of operating hours of limited ENRs Impacts on the profitability of the electrolyser's CAPEX Unattractive to lower hydrogen production costs Increase in the cost of production at the end of the electrolyser
3 €/kg
With CAPEX at 500 €/kW : 2.5 €/kg 1) VARIABILITY OF RENEWABLE ENERGY 2) TRANSPORT OVER-COST
MITEI’s 2019 Spring Symposium
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§ Trains § Waste trucks § Bus § Fluvial
EDF, a key player in the energy transition and a low-carbon energy leader EDF GROUP Decarbonize the two most CO2-emitting sectors of the economy :
INDUSTRY MOBILITY
HYDROGEN
Small and medium industries Large industries
PROJETS FROM 0,5 TO 2 MW PROJETS FROM 20 TO 100 MW
Heavy Light
Light vehicle fleets, related to industrial projects
EDF's vision and ambition: Investing in hydrogen to reduce CO2 emissions in the economy
Reduce CO2 emissions from high energy and hydrogen consuming sectors On-site hydrogen production to replace bottles INDUSTRY MOBILITY
Building an H2 offer and creating and industrial and commercial tool for the group
H2 OFFER
MITEI’s 2019 Spring Symposium
SE SELECTED CO COUNTRIES
Low-carbon production and on site Carbon-based and centralized production
electrolysis
as possible to consumption
methane reforming
the place of consumption.
Gas reforming / by-product hydrogen Delivery Low-carbon electricity H2 Storage Distribution Water electrolysis
Hydrogen is reinjected Oxygen is evacuated
Usages
11 LOW-CARBON SOLUTION
The Hydrogen Supply Chain: From Production to consumption
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Site of « la Nouvelle », surrounding the experimentation Site of the Mafate micro-grid
Exemples of micro grid 100% ENR
CO2-free H2 for reducing the steel industry CO2 foot print - 2017
Few Hydrogen projects within EDF Group
Captive fleets and electrolyzers on site
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R&D Hydrogen skills & facilities within EDF Group
ENERMAT PLATFORM Materials and Cells for Energy – Synthesis, Processing, Manufacture, Characterisation EIFER/ICT LAB High Temperature Electrochemistry Lab for Fuel Cells and Electrolysis Applications FCTESTLAB Individual Heat and /or Power Systems Supplied by Fuels
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Laboratories
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Patents
Benchmarking product [cells, stacks, system performance & endurance testing] Diagnosis product [ identification of parmater keys of degradation via Online EIS) & post-test (DRX, SEM/TEM…) analysis] An electrolyser test bench … at EDF Lab Les Renardières … directly connected to Concept Grid … connected to a 115 kW PV farm Test of electrolysis systems with units representative of production units of several hundred MW Characterization of systems Performances in normal and disturbed conditions, at different points and for different operation modes :
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Conclusions : Low Carbon H2 can play a major role to decarbonize economy
"HEAVY INDUSTRY" (substitution of vapor reforming): carbon value and/or regulatory provisions necessary to promote carbon- free solutions "OTHER INDUSTRIES" (bottle substitution) close to cogeneration: capacity to lower H2 prices for industrial gases Segment according to volume , logistic costs and regulatory or tax provisions Limitation of the volume of injected H2 Need for important amount of subsidy for injection projects
INDUSTRY MOBILITY
Decarbonize the gas sector
POWER-TO-GAS
MITEI’s 2019 Spring Symposium Low-carbon H2 Low-carbon electricity Water electrolysis